Censorship Discussion Slides PDF

MEDIA CENSORSHIP DEVC 103 - DISCUSSION SLIDES Sept.30- October 4, 2024 Prepared by: Dr. Heidi B. Gonzales  International standards on Previously... Freedom of Expression The Right to Freedom of Expression Under International L...

MEDIA CENSORSHIP DEVC 103 - DISCUSSION SLIDES Sept.30- October 4, 2024 Prepared by: Dr. Heidi B. Gonzales  International standards on Previously... Freedom of Expression The Right to Freedom of Expression Under International Law  Political censorship exists when a government attempts to conceal, fake, distort, or falsify information that its citizens receive by suppressing or crowding out political news that the public might receive through news outlets. In the absence of neutral and objective information, people will be unable to dissent with the government or political party in charge. The term also extends to the systematic suppression of views that are contrary to those of the government in power. The government often possesses the power of the army and the secret police, to enforce the compliance of journalists with the will of the authorities to spread the story that the ruling authorities want people to believe. At times this involves bribery, defamation, imprisonment, and even assassination. Moral censorship is the removal of materials that are obscene or otherwise considered morally questionable. Pornography, for example, is often censored under this rationale, especially child pornography, which is illegal and censored in most jurisdictions in the world Fifty Shades of Grey is an erotic romantic film that was produced by Focus Features, Michael De Luca Productions and Trigger Street Productions and it was distributed by Universal Pictures. The film was released on February 9, 2015. Philippine government agency under the Office of the President of the Philippines that is responsible for the classification and review of television programs, motion pictures and home videos. https://cpj.org/reports/2019/09/10- most-censored-eritrea-north-korea- turkmenistan-journalist/ Countries were evaluated based on a series of benchmarks, including: Religious censorship is a form of censorship where freedom of expression is controlled or limited using religious authority or on the basis of the teachings of the https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/how-marcos-silenced- media-press-freedom-martial-law/ Here were the ways Marcos attacked press freedom during his dictatorship: 1. Shutdown, takeover of private media 2. Arrest of journalists, media owners 3. Blanket censorship, regulation 4. Only Marcos-controlled media were allowed 5. Even religious publications weren’t able to escape Marcos’ order 6. Expulsion of, visa rejections for foreign journalists  CLASS WORK ON OCTOBER 4, 2024 READ the Rappler Article. https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/how-marcos-silenced- media-press-freedom-martial-law/ 1. Create 6 groups within the class. 2. Each group will make a photo essay (a collection of images that work together to tell a story) of the assigned item (see previous slide). You can use free stock photos online, photos from news sites and other printed sources (Credit properly your sources). 3. Use minimal text. CompileDue inonlong clear Monday: book. October 7,  On September 28, 1972, 1. Shutdown, Marcos issued Letter of Instruction No. 1, authorizing the military to take over the takeover of private assets of major media outlets including the ABS-CBN media network, Associated Broadcasting In his ascent to power, Marcos was well- Corp.(ABC)/Channel 5, and aware of the role that the media played in various radio stations society, and he exerted considerable effort across the country. to exercise control over it. By shutting down competing voices and setting up a media outlet that was under his control, Marcos silenced public criticism and controlled the information that the people had access to This was within the first week of his declaration of Martial Law. As justification for this mass sequestration of media assets, the Letter of Instruction cited the involvement of these media outlets with the Communist movement. Specifically, Marcos accused mainstream media of discrediting the administration, by propagating news  Teodoro Locsin, Sr., publisher of the Philippines Free Press, was arrested and imprisoned on the first week of Martial Law, along with Manila Times publisher, Chino Roces, and several well-known journalists including Amando Doronila, Luis Beltran, Maximo Soliven, Juan Mercado, and Luis Mauricio. Locsin Roces ABS-CBN owner, Doronila Eugenio Lopez Jr, was also arrested and 2. Arrest of journalists, imprisoned in Fort Bonifacio. media owners 3. Blanket censorship, regulation On September 25, 1972 the Department of Public Information issued Department Order No. 1, which prescribed policies and guidelines for the news media, strictly defining the kind of reporting they should do......there was a need for “news reports of positive national value” to assist the administration of martial law......prohibited media from carrying “any editorial opinion, commentary, comments or asides” or any material critical of the military or law enforcement agencies.....required news agencies to get clearance from the agency before publishing or airing any content. This extended to all foreign dispatches and cables. 4. Only Marcos-controlled media were allowed Marcos-controlled media - cronies, were allowed to operate. Banahaw Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), owned by Marcos crony Roberto Benedicto National Media Production Center (NMPC) The Kanlaon Broadcasting System (KBS), another Benedicto-owned television station, took over the provincial stations to serve as platforms for government’s mass media peace-and-order campaigns. Radio Philippines Network, the Voice of the Philippines, Philippines Broadcasting System, and the Daily Express. 5. Even religious publications weren’t able to escape Marcos’ order In December 1976, Marcos ordered the closure of two church publications, the last free publications left: 1. Signs of the Times, a mimeographed weekly put out by the Association of Major Religious Superiors of the Philippines, the largest Catholic organization 2. The Communicator, a weekly newsletter published by the Jesuits. Cardinal Marcos alsoJaime Sin two church-operated radio stations in shut down (1928-2005) Tagum, Davao andwas Malaybalay, Bukidnon in Mindanao. the Archbishop of Manila and the most influential Roman Catholic leader in the political and popular opposition against Ferdinand Marcos.  6. Expulsion of, visa rejections for foreign In 1977, the government also journalists denied the visa ARNOLD Zeitlin, Bureau chief of the Associated Press application of Bernard Wideman, correspondent for the Hong Kong- based Far Eastern Economic Review and The Washington Post, but later on rescinded