Cell Types in Plant and Animal Tissues PDF

LESSON 4: CELL TYPES (PLANT AND ANIMAL TISSUES)  ANIMAL TISSUE CLASSIFICATION OF TISSUE TYPES There are Four (4) Basic Types of Animal Tissue: TYPE OF EPITHELIAL CONNECTIVE MUSCULAR NERVOUS TISSUE: TISSUE TISSUE TISSUE...

LESSON 4: CELL TYPES (PLANT AND ANIMAL TISSUES)  ANIMAL TISSUE CLASSIFICATION OF TISSUE TYPES There are Four (4) Basic Types of Animal Tissue: TYPE OF EPITHELIAL CONNECTIVE MUSCULAR NERVOUS TISSUE: TISSUE TISSUE TISSUE TISSUE Functions Covers body Binds and Enables Enables of type of surfaces and Supports body movement of responses to tissue: lines body parts structures stimuli and cavities within the coordinates body and bodily movement of functions the entire person/anim al ▪ Epithelial tissue (epithelium) covers body surfaces and lines body cavities. ▪ Connective tissue binds and supports body parts. ▪ Muscular tissue moves the body and its parts. ▪ Nervous tissue receives stimuli and conducts nerve impulses. ▪ 1. EPITHELIAL TISSUE ▪ Epithelial Tissue Protects ▪ also called epithelium, forms the external coverings and internal linings of many organs and covers the entire surface of the body ▪ Epithelial cells adhere to one another, but an epithelium is generally only one cell layer thick. ▪ This enables an epithelium to serve a protective function, as substances have to pass through epithelial cells in order to reach a tissue beneath them. TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE: COVERING AND LINING EPITHELIAL TISSUE ▪ Squamous epithelium ▪ thin, flat cells that are closely packed. ▪ lines the cavities of the mouth, esophagus, alveoli, and blood vessels. TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE: COVERING AND LINING EPITHELIAL TISSUE ▪ Cuboidal epithelium ▪ contains cube-shaped cells that are roughly the same height as width. ▪ Found in the salivary glands, sweat glands and lines the kidney tubules. ▪ Absorption, secretion and TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE: COVERING AND LINING EPITHELIAL TISSUE ▪ Columnar epithelium ▪ has cells resembling rectangular pillars or columns, with nuclei usually located near the bottom of each cell ▪ lines portions of the lumen of the digestive tract TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE: COVERING AND LINING EPITHELIAL TISSUE Ciliated epithelium ▪ when columnar epithelial tissues have cilia ▪ present in the lining of the trachea, kidney tubules etc. ▪ rhythmic movement of the cilia helps in the movement of material in one direction EPITHELIAL CELLS CAN BE CLASSIFIED BY THE NUMBER OF LAYERS THESE CELLS MAKE IN TISSUES. ▪ Simple ▪ a layer that is only one cell thick ▪ Stratified ▪ multiple layers of cells ▪ Pseudostratified epithelium ▪ is a special classification in which the tissue appears to have multiple layers of cells but actually has only one. EPIDERMIS ▪ The outer region of the skin, called the stratified squamous epithelium in which the cells have been reinforced by keratin, a protein that provides strength and waterproofing. ▪ 2. CONNECTIVE TISSUE ▪ Connective tissues serve the general purpose of supporting and connecting the tissues of the body, and vary considerably in structure and composition. ▪ Types of Connective Tissue: Embryonic Connective Tissue ∙ Mesenchyme ∙ Mucous connective tissue Mature Connective Tissue Loose Connective Tissue: ∙ Areolar Tissue ∙ Adipose Tissue ∙ Reticular Tissue Dense Connective Tissue: ∙ Dense Regular Connective Tissue (White Fibrous Tissue) ∙ Dense Irregular Connective Tissue ∙ Elastic Connective Tissue (Yellow Elastic Tissue) Cartilage Tissue: ∙ Hyaline Cartilage ∙ Fibrocartilage ∙ Elastic Cartilage Bone (Osseous) Tissue: ∙ Compact Bone ∙ Spongy Bone Blood Tissue: ∙ Erythrocytes ∙ Thrombocytes ∙ Leucocytes Lymphatic Tissue: ∙ Lymph Embryonic Connective Tissue ∙ Mesenchyme ∙ Mucous connective tissue Loose Connective Tissue: ∙ Areolar Tissue ∙ Adipose Tissue ∙ Reticular Tissue Dense Connective Tissue: ∙ Dense Regular Connective Tissue (White Fibrous Tissue) ∙ Dense Irregular Connective Tissue ∙ Elastic Connective Tissue (Yellow Elastic Tissue) Cartilage Tissue: ∙ Hyaline Cartilage ∙ Fibrocartilage ∙ Elastic Cartilage Bone (Osseous) Tissue: ∙ Compact Bone ∙ Spongy Bone Blood Tissue: ∙ Erythrocytes ∙ Thrombocytes ∙ Leucocytes Lymphatic Tissue: ∙ Lymph 3. MUSCULAR TISSUE THERE ARE THREE (3) TYPES OF MUSCULAR Skeletal TISSUE: located throughout the body and under Muscle(Tissue): conscious (i.e. "voluntary") control, main function movement of the structures of the body, and the body as a whole, e.g. by walking, running, etc.. Cardiac which is found only in the heart and is Muscle(Tissue): important for effective blood-flow through the heart. Smooth involuntary muscle tissue located around the Muscle(Tissue): walls of many internal structures such as the stomach and intestines and important for aiding the passage of materials/fluids through those structures. 4. NERVOUS TISSUE NERVOUS TISSUE CONSISTS OF TWO (2) MAIN TYPES OF CELLS: Nerve Cells (also known as Neurons or Neurones) - whose purpose is to transmit (electrical) nerve impulses that move information around the body. Neuroglia (also known as simply Glia) - which support and protect nerve cells, depending on the particular type of glia. Examples of types of glia include astrocytes, ependymal cells, microglial cells, oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells.