Cell Theory PDF

Lesson 1.1 Cell Theory General Biology 1[1/2] Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics  ESSENTIAL TOPICS: DEVELOPMENT OF THE CELL THEORY...

Lesson 1.1 Cell Theory General Biology 1[1/2] Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics  ESSENTIAL TOPICS: DEVELOPMENT OF THE CELL THEORY THE POSTULATES OF THE GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 ----------------------------------- CELL THEORY BASIC COMPONENTS OF THE CELL THEORY TARGET COMPETENCIES: EXPLAIN THE POSTULATE OF THE CELL THEORY. WHAT ARE THE BASIC COMPONENTS OF THE CELL THEORY 3 4 MOTIVATION: “WHAT IS LIFE?” 5  ? Have you ever wondered how cells were discovered and how they govern the mechanisms of our day-to-day activities? 6 6 7 Similar to bricks, cells, when combined together, perform functions necessary for life. 8  Different scientists paved the way to propose theories about cells, the structural and functional unit of life. 9 9 Overview of the Cell Size of the cell as compared to other objects 10 General Functions of the Cell 11  General Functions of the Cell Regulation of the Homeostasis Internal Environment An organism’s ability to keep a Acquisition and constant internal state is called Utilization of Energy homeostasis. Responsiveness to Their Environment Maintenance of these conditions, is important because most cells of Protection and Support an organism require a specific set of conditions to function normally. 12  During extremely cold weather, some cells (fibers of skeletal muscles) stimulated. This mechanism allows the body to generate heat (or thermogenesis) during cold weather 13  General Functions of the Cell Regulation of the Homeostasis Internal Environment Acquisition and Utilization of Energy Perspiration serve as the cooling system to remove excess heat in the body. Responsiveness to Their Environment Protection and Support Normal body temperature Shivering generates metabolic heat. 14  General Functions of the Cell Regulation of the Chemical Energy Internal Environment Acquisition and It is stored in the bonds present in Utilization of Energy food molecules, and it will be converted by the cells into more Responsiveness to Their Environment usable forms. Protection and Support 15  General Functions of the Cell Regulation of the Chemical Energy Internal Environment Acquisition and Energy is needed by various cells Utilization of Energy to perform their functions. ○ heart cells to pump blood Responsiveness to Their Environment ○ intestinal cells to digest food ○ skeletal cells to initiate motion Protection and Support ○ nerve cells to conduct information 16  General Functions of the Cell Regulation of the Responsiveness Internal Environment Acquisition and A cell must first be able to Utilization of Energy determine the changes that have taken place before Responsiveness to Their Environment deciding the necessary responses that will ultimately Protection and Support result in the maintenance of normal internal conditions. 17  General Functions of the Cell Regulation of the Responsiveness Internal Environment Acquisition and Utilization of Energy Responsiveness to Their Environment Protection and Support A tanned skin means more pigment is released in that area to impart protection to the underlying cells especially UV radiation that can damage DNA. 18 RESPONSIVENESS One classical example is the pigmented cells in the skin of humans. Whenever these cells are exposed to ultraviolet radiation from the sun, they synthesize and release more pigment to impart protection to the underlying cells especially UV radiation that can damage DNA. 19  General Functions of the Cell Regulation of the Internal Environment Acquisition and Utilization of Energy Responsiveness to Their Environment Immune cells impart protection against Protection and Support pathogens and other foreign bodies that may enter the general circulation. 20 DEVELOPMENT OF THE CELL THEORY: - The cell theory is one of the very important principles in biology. This theory was the product of the work of many biologists of various nationalities through a long span of time. General Biology [1/2] Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics  UNIVERSITY OF BOHOL SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL | S.Y. 2022-2023, FIRST SEMESTER ROMANS Anton Van WHAT IS A Leeuwenhoek THEORY? When Romans discovered He figured how to they were grind glass A set of principles able to make developed over time together and glass in the via multiple decided to 1st century investigations. experiment. BC, things Leeuwenhoek The discovery of the changed for made his own cell was made through the better! 270x the invention of the magnification microscope between compound 1665-1838. microscope!  History of the Development of Cell Theory Scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory Zacharias Janssen (1585–1632) invented the first primitive microscope. 23  History of the Development of Cell Theory Scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory Robert Hooke (1635–1703) observed cork cells under a microscope. 24  History of the Development of Cell Theory Scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory ROBERT HOOKE (British Scientist Used the compound microscope to observe cork. Hooked examined a piece of cork and found little structures in it which he compared to cellulae (Latin for “little rooms”). The parts prompted Hooke to think of small rooms (cells) in a monastery, so he gave them the same name: CELLS Key Note: Hooke discovered the cell in 1665, which started formulating the cell theory! 25  History of the Development of Cell Theory Scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory 26  History of the Development of Cell Theory Scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723) observed microorganisms by using his own practical microscope. 27 History of the Development of Cell Theory FATHER OF MICROSCOPY AND MICROBIOLOGY ❑HE used a microscope containing improved lenses that can magnify objects almost 300-fold or 270 x ❑He found motile objects under a microscope 28  History of the Development of Cell Theory Scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory Anton van Leeuwenhoek Dutch Tradesman - Study new approaches for creating lenses to observe cloth. - Leeuwenhoek’s microscope was more powerful than Hooke’s compound microscope. - He became one of the first scientists to refer to living cells when he observed an abundant number of single-celled organisms. - He found moving protists, which he had then referred to as “animalcules”. 29  History of the Development of Cell Theory Scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory 30  History of the Development of Cell Theory Scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory Matthias Schleiden (1804–1881) proposed that all plants are composed of cells. 31  History of the Development of Cell Theory Scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory Matthias Jacob Schleiden Fascinated with plant cells, Schleiden used the compound microscope and studied plant cells. --He established that the small compartments in his plant specimens are cells. From investigating and experimenting with plants, projected plant parts are made of cells! 32  History of the Development of Cell Theory Scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory Theodor Schwann (1810–1882) proposed that all animals are composed of cells. 33  History of the Development of Cell Theory Scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory Theodor Schwann German Scientist Studied plant & animal cells, and was intrigued by the similarities between the two. Schwann was able to determine that all animals are made of cells! Schwann published the 2nd statement of the cell theory: all living things are made of cells and cell products! 34  History of the Development of Cell Theory Scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory Robert Brown Scottish Botanist/Paleo botanist -Discovered the nucleus of a cell in 1833. -He is perhaps best known for his discovery of the random movement of microscopic particles in a surrounding solution, later referred to as "Brownian motion." He also developed alternative plant classification. 35  History of the Development of Cell Theory Scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory Rudolf Virchow (1821–1902) proposed that all cells come from pre-existing cells. 36  History of the Development of Cell Theory Scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory Rudolf Virchow German Scientist Introduced the third tenet of the cell theory: Omnis cellula e cellula. He pioneered the modern concept of pathological processes by his application of the cell theory to explain the effects of disease in the organs and tissues of the body. 37  History of the Development of Cell Theory Scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory Rudolf Virchow German Scientist Based on his investigations and experiments, he stated that all cells come from preexisting cells, which is the 3rd part of the cell theory: all existing cells are produced by other living cells! 38  History of the Development of Cell Theory Scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory Francesco Redi (1626–1697) disproved the spontaneous generation theory. 39  History of the Development of Cell Theory Scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory FRANCESCO REDI Italian Physician, naturalist, biologist - He referred to as the “founder of experimental biology”, and as the “father of modern parasitology”. - He was the first person to challenge the theory of spontaneous generation by demonstrating maggots come from eggs of flies. 40 Tips THE MODERN CELL THEORY: 1. Energy flows happen within cells. 2. Heredity information contained in DNA is passed from cell to cell. 3. All cells have the same basic chemical composition. 41  The Three Principles of Cell Theory Principle 1: Every living organism consists of one or more cells. Organism may be unicellular (left) or multicellular (right) based on their level of complexity. 42 The Three Principles of Cell Theory Principle 2: The cell is the fundamental unit of life. It is the smallest structural and functional unit in all organisms. 43  The Three Principles of Cell Theory Principle 3: Cells come from pre-existing cells. Cells contain hereditary material, which they pass to their daughter cells when they divide. 44 The Three Principles of Cell Theory 45 The Three Principles of Cell Theory 46  Check Your Understanding Below are five of the contributions to the development of the cell theory. Identify the scientist described in each of the following items. 1. He was the first to observe the cells under the microscope. 2. His experiment disproved the spontaneous generation theory. 3. He proposed that the cell is the basic unit of plants and animals. 47  Check Your Understanding Below are five of the contributions to the development of the cell theory. Identify the scientist described in each of the following items. 4. He stated in the cell theory that all organisms are made up of cells. 5. He proposed the idea in the cell theory that cells come from preexisting cells. 48 Let’s Sum It Up! Direction: Complete the three basic components of the cell theory by arranging these words in proper order. 1. ORGANISMS OF CELLS ARE ALL MORE LIVING COMPOSED OR ONE 2. OF BASIC CELL THE IS UNIT LIFE 3. COME CELLS PRE-EXISTING ALL FROM CEL 49 Challenge Yourself Lina, a teenager, observed one morning as she looked at the mirror that her face has a new pimple. She wondered how she got another pimple when she already pricked it a few days ago. What principle of the cell theory is related to this? 50 Challenge Yourself A virus can easily manipulate various cellular activities once it has already invaded the host cell. Does this mean that a virus is a living organism? Why? 51 Challenge Yourself Which among the three principles of the cell theory can be practically applied in healthcare by promoting the use of sterilization and disinfection? 52 Challenge Yourself Determine a real life scenario that demonstrates one of the principles of cell theory. Provide a brief explanation as to its relationship with the principle of cell theory involved. 53 Thank You and GOD BLESS ! Photo Credits Slide 2: Human cheek cells, by Joseph Elsbern is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 via Flickr. Slide 14: Normal body temperature. Thermometer showing slightly above 36°C by Ivan Radic is licensed under CC BY 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons. Slide: 18: Skin tanning by Onetwo1 is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons. Slide 20: Jansen microscope , by Hirannor is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons. Slide 23: Leeuwenhoek Microscope , by Jacopo Werther is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons. Slides 26 & 30: 3D-SIM-4 Anaphase 3 color by Lothar Schermelleh, is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikipedia. Slide 28: Onion cells 2 by Umberto Salvagnin is licensed under CC BY 2.0 via Flickr. Slide 28: Mikrofoto.de-Blepharisma japonicum 15 by Frank Fox is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 DE via Wikimedia Commons. 55 Bibliography Hoefnagels, Marielle. Biology: The Essentials. 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill Education, 2016. Mader, Sylvia S., and Michael Windelspecht. Biology. 11th ed. McGraw-Hill Education, 2014. Reece, Jane B, Martha R. Taylor, Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, and Kelly Hogan. Biology Concepts and Connections. 8th ed. Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd, 2016. Simon, Eric J., and Jane B. Reece. Campbell Essential Biology. 5th ed. Pearson Education Inc., 2013. Starr, Cecie, Christine A. Evers, and Lisa Starr. Biology Today and Tomorrow. 4th ed. Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd, 2014. 56