Cell Theory 1ST TOPIC PDF

Lesson 1.1 Cell Theory General Biology 1[1/2] Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics  Have you ever wondered how cells were discovered and how they govern the mechanisms of our day-to-day activities? 2 2  Onesignificant...but bricks...

Lesson 1.1 Cell Theory General Biology 1[1/2] Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics  Have you ever wondered how cells were discovered and how they govern the mechanisms of our day-to-day activities? 2 2  Onesignificant...but bricks, when purpose brick has no combined together,... become useful. 3 Similar to bricks, cells, when combined together, perform functions necessary for life. 4  Different scientists paved the way to propose theories about cells, the structural and functional unit of life. 5 5 How can one distinguish living organisms from nonliving entities? 6 Learning Competency At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the following: Explain the postulates of the cell theory (STEM_BIO11/12-Ia-c-1). 7  Learning Objectives At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the following: Describe the general features of the cell. Create a timeline of the discovery of the cell. Identify the six proponents of the cell theory. Analyze the six principles of cell theory. 8 Overview of the Cell Size of the cell as compared to other objects 9 Why are cells so small? Does their small size have something to do with their function? 10 General Functions of the Cell 11  General Functions of the Cell Regulation of the Homeostasis Internal Environment An organism’s ability to keep a Acquisition and constant internal state is called Utilization of Energy homeostasis. Responsiveness to Their Environment Maintenance of these conditions, is important because most cells of an organism require a specific set of Protection and Support conditions to function normally. 12  General Functions of the Cell Regulation of the Internal Environment Acquisition and Utilization of Energy Perspiration serve as the cooling system to remove excess heat in the body. Responsiveness to Their Environment Protection and Support Normal body temperature Shivering generates metabolic heat. 13  General Functions of the Cell Regulation of the Chemical Energy Internal Environment It is stored in the bonds present in Acquisition and Utilization of Energy food molecules, and it will be converted by the cells into more Responsiveness to Their Environment usable forms. Protection and Support 14  General Functions of the Cell Regulation of the Chemical Energy Internal Environment Energy is needed by various cells to perform their functions. Acquisition and Utilization of Energy ○ heart cells to pump blood ○ intestinal cells to digest food Responsiveness to Their Environment ○ skeletal cells to initiate motion ○ nerve cells to conduct Protection and Support information 15  General Functions of the Cell Regulation of the Responsiveness Internal Environment A cell must first be able to determine the changes that Acquisition and Utilization of Energy have taken place before deciding the necessary responses that Responsiveness to Their Environment will ultimately result in the maintenance of normal internal Protection and Support conditions. 16  General Functions of the Cell Regulation of the Responsiveness Internal Environment Acquisition and Utilization of Energy Responsiveness to Their Environment Protection and Support A tanned skin means more pigment is released in that area to impart protection to the underlying cells especially UV radiation that can damage DNA. 17  General Functions of the Cell Regulation of the Internal Environment Acquisition and Utilization of Energy Responsiveness to Their Environment Immune cells impart protection against Protection and Support pathogens and other foreign bodies that may enter the general circulation. 18  History of the Development of Cell Theory Scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory Zacharias Janssen (1585–1632) invented the first primitive microscope. 19  History of the Development of Cell Theory Scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory Robert Hooke (1635–1703) observed cork cells under a microscope. 20  History of the Development of Cell Theory Scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory Francesco Redi (1626–1697) disproved the spontaneous generation theory. 21  History of the Development of Cell Theory Scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723) observed microorganisms by using his own practical microscope. 22  History of the Development of Cell Theory Scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory Matthias Schleiden (1804–1881) proposed that all plants are composed of cells. 23  History of the Development of Cell Theory Scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory Theodor Schwann (1810–1882) proposed that all animals are composed of cells. 24  History of the Development of Cell Theory Scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory Rudolf Virchow (1821–1902) proposed that all cells come from pre-existing cells. 25  History of the Development of Cell Theory Scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory The French Louis Pasteur (1822–1895) and German Robert Koch (1843–1910) are the two greatest figures in medical microbiology and in establishing acceptance of the germ theory of disease (germ theory). 26 How do you think were the works of different scientists compiled and synthesized to develop the cell theory? 27  The Principles of Cell Theory Principle 1: Every living organism consists of one or more cells. Organism may be unicellular (left) or multicellular (right) based on their level of complexity. 28  The Principles of Cell Theory Principle 2: The cell is the fundamental unit of life. It is the smallest structural and functional unit in all organisms. 29  The Principles of Cell Theory Principle 3: Cells come from pre-existing cells. Cells contain hereditary material, which they pass to their daughter cells when they divide. 30  The Principles of Cell Theory Principle 4: Cells contain hereditary information that is passed from cell to cell during cell division.Principle 3: Cells come from pre-existing cells. 31  The Principles of Cell Theory Principle 5: Energy flow occurs within cells. 32 The Principles of Cell Theory \\ Principle 6: All cells have similar composition. 33 Which among the principles of the cell theory can be practically applied in healthcare by promoting the use of sterilization and disinfection? Why do you think so? 34  Check Your Understanding Below are five of the contributions to the development of the cell theory. Identify the scientist described in each of the following items. 1. He was the first to observe the cells under the microscope 2. His experiment disproved the spontaneous generation theory. 3. He proposed that the cell is the basic unit of plants? 4. He proposed that the cell is the basic unit of animals? 35  Check Your Understanding Below are five of the contributions to the development of the cell theory. Identify the scientist described in each of the following items. 5. They pionerred the “germ theory”. 4. He proposed the idea in the cell theory that cells come from pre-existing cells. 36  Let’s Sum It Up! Cells are generally small in size that they can only be viewed and magnified through the use of a microscope. Cells have a high surface area to volume ratio to ensure that they get adequate nutrients and to prevent a high concentration of wastes from accumulating. 37  Check Your Understanding Compare and contrast the theory of spontaneous generation from the principles of cell theory. Create a Venn diagram to show their similarities and differences. Provide two unique characteristics on each theory and one similarity. 38  Let’s Sum It Up! The principles of the cell theory disproved the long-held belief of many scientists about the theory of spontaneous generation. 39  Let’s Sum It Up! Generally, cells function for support and protection, regulation of the internal environment, response to external stimuli, and acquisition and utilization of energy for cellular activities. Different scientists were involved in the development of the cell theory before it was finalized into six major statements. 40 Let’s Sum It Up! 41 Challenge Yourself Lina, a teenager, observed one morning as she looked at the mirror that her face has a new pimple. She wondered how she got another pimple when she already pricked it a few days ago. What principle of the cell theory is related to this? 42  Learning Competency At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the following: Out of the different insights and learnings that you have acquired in our discussions and from the materials given, CREATE YOUR OWN TIMELINE OF CELL THEORY in the box below. You may use bullet points, advance organizers, flow charts, and other creative presentations to outline your ideas. (Simplify your timeline using keywords and phrases. You don’t have to explain all the details.) 43 Photo Credits Slide 2: Human cheek cells, by Joseph Elsbern is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 via Flickr. Slide 14: Normal body temperature. Thermometer showing slightly above 36°C by Ivan Radic is licensed under CC BY 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons. Slide: 18: Skin tanning by Onetwo1 is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons. Slide 20: Jansen microscope , by Hirannor is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons. Slide 23: Leeuwenhoek Microscope , by Jacopo Werther is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons. Slides 26 & 30: 3D-SIM-4 Anaphase 3 color by Lothar Schermelleh, is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikipedia. Slide 28: Onion cells 2 by Umberto Salvagnin is licensed under CC BY 2.0 via Flickr. Slide 28: Mikrofoto.de-Blepharisma japonicum 15 by Frank Fox is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 DE via Wikimedia Commons. 44 Bibliography Hoefnagels, Marielle. Biology: The Essentials. 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill Education, 2016. Mader, Sylvia S., and Michael Windelspecht. Biology. 11th ed. McGraw-Hill Education, 2014. Reece, Jane B, Martha R. Taylor, Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, and Kelly Hogan. Biology Concepts and Connections. 8th ed. Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd, 2016. Simon, Eric J., and Jane B. Reece. Campbell Essential Biology. 5th ed. Pearson Education Inc., 2013. Starr, Cecie, Christine A. Evers, and Lisa Starr. Biology Today and Tomorrow. 4th ed. Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd, 2014. 45 46