Cell Structures and Functions PDF

Cell Structure andPrepared by: Functions Ms. Hannah Pauline R. SLIDESMANIA Catapang  Objectives 1. I can describe the structure and function of major and...

Cell Structure andPrepared by: Functions Ms. Hannah Pauline R. SLIDESMANIA Catapang  Objectives 1. I can describe the structure and function of major and subcellular organelles SLIDESMANIA  Rebus Puzzle N Ribosomes SLIDESMANIA  Rebus Puzzle Metabolism SLIDESMANIA  Rebus Puzzle Organelles SLIDESMANIA  Rebus Puzzle AR US Nucleus SLIDESMANIA  Rebus Puzzle X Chloroplasts SLIDESMANIA  Rebus Puzzle Plasmodesmata SLIDESMANIA  Cell Structures Each cell contains materials and that carry out basic life Functions processes. SLIDESMANIA  Cells carry out several functions required to sustain life and help living organisms to carry SLIDESMANIA  What are the examples of basic life processes that Metabolism our cells carry out? What are the two categories of metabolism? Catabolism Anabolism SLIDESMANIA  What are the examples of basic life processes that Respiration our cells carry out? What are the two types of respiration? Anaerobic Aerobic SLIDESMANIA  What are the examples of basic life processes that Reproduction our cells carry out? Reproduction occurs through… Mitosis Meiosis SLIDESMANIA  What are the examples of basic life processes that Growth our cells carry out? How do cells produce other cells? Cell Division What do you call the process by which living things grow from within their cells? Intussusception SLIDESMANIA  What are the examples of basic life processes that Growth our cells carry out? What do you call the process in which non living things grow by adding external addition of substances? Accretion SLIDESMANIA  What are the examples of basic life processes that Growth our cells carry out? What do you call the process in which non living things grow by adding external addition of substances? Accretion SLIDESMANIA  What are the examples of basic life processes that Excretion our cells carry out? What are the different metabolic waste products? Carbon dioxide, Water, Mineral salts, and Nitrogenous Waste Products What are the organs involved in waste elimination? Skin, Lungs, Liver, Kidneys, Large Intestine and SLIDESMANIA Urinary Bladder  What are the examples of basic life processes that Excretion our cells carry out? What are the different metabolic waste products? Carbon dioxide, Water, Mineral salts, and Nitrogenous Waste Products What are the organs involved in waste elimination? Skin, Lungs, Liver, Kidneys, Large Intestine and SLIDESMANIA Urinary Bladder  What are the examples of basic life processes that Movement our cells carry out? Movement is also called… Motility or Locomotion SLIDESMANIA  Cell structures can only be under high magnification observed…electron microscope and are separated internally into numerous membranous compartments called Organelles or Little Organs SLIDESMANIA  Organelles are… specialized structures that perform various jobs inside cells. The term literally means “little organs”. SLIDESMANIA  What’s the function of organelles in a cell? It serve specific functions to keep a cell alive. SLIDESMANIA  Do human organs have similarities with organelles? SLIDESMANIA  Yes, because human organs such as heart, liver and lungs help each other to keep us alive and functioning while cell organelles such as nucleus, ribosomes and mitochondria help each other to keep the cell alive and functioning. SLIDESMANIA  Cell Structures / Organelles SLIDESMANIA  What’s the shape of an animal cell? Round shape or irregular shape SLIDESMANIA  Animal Cell SLIDESMANIA Page 13  What’s the shape of a plant cell? Square or rectangular shape SLIDESMANIA  Plant Cell SLIDESMANIA Page 17  Plant Cell Animal Cell Cell Membrane Cell Wall Cytoplasm Lysosomes Chloroplasts Nucleolus Flagella Plasmodesmata Nucleus Amyloplasts Cilia Ribosomes Mitochondria Vacuoles Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Body Cytoskeleton SLIDESMANIA  Cell Membrane  Separates cell from external environment  Controls passage of organic molecules, ions, water, oxygen and wastes into and out of the cell  Semi-permeable and composed of phospholipid bilayer SLIDESMANIA What is the cell membrane compared to in  Phospholipid bilayer  The phospholipid bilayer consists of two layers of phospholipids, with a hydrophobic tails and a SLIDESMANIA hydrophilic heads. SLIDESMANIA SLIDESMANIA  Cytoplasm  Contains cytosol What’s the chemical makeup of cytos  Medium in which organelles are found  This is where the molecules first pass through after entering or before exiting the cell membrane. What acts as a natural solvent inside the SLIDESMANIA cytoplasm? What is the cytoplasm compared to in real life?  Nucleolus  Membrane-free organelle found inside the nucleus  Contains fibrils and granules  Important in creating the ribosomes. SLIDESMANIA Nucleolus SLIDESMANIA  Nucleus  Serves as the control center of the cell  Most nuclei contain at least one nucleolus  Contains the chromosomes What’s the crucial task of nucleus? Protecting the DNA at all times from damage and its instructions must be made available for use at proper times. SLIDESMANIA  Ribosomes Sites of protein synthesis Most common organelles in almost all cells. What are the two types of ribosomes found in a cell? Free Ribosomes Bound Ribosomes SLIDESMANIA  Mitochondria  The powerhouse of the cell  Responsible for producing ATP  More numerous in cells that have a high energy requirement. SLIDESMANIA  Mitochondria What’s the unique characteristics of mitochondria? They have their own DNA and ribosomes. SLIDESMANIA  Vacuoles What’s the difference between the vacuoles of plant cell and vacuoles of animal cell?  Animals and plants have vacuoles, but the vacuoles of plant cell (central vacuoles) are usually larger. SLIDESMANIA  Vacuoles What’s the function of vacuoles in animal cell?  In animals, vacuoles serve as the temporary storage of substances. SLIDESMANIA  Vacuoles What’s the function of vacuoles in plant cell?  In plants, the central vacuole’s main function is to maintain turgor pressure to keep the cell from wilting. SLIDESMANIA  Lysosomes  It has hydrolytic enzymes, that digest food  Digestion of macromolecules  They break down excess or worn-out cell parts.  They may be used to destroy invading viruses and bacteria.  Can fuse with phagosomes SLIDESMANIA  Lysosomes  Phagocytes  Powerful hydrolytic enzymes SLIDESMANIA  Amyloplasts  starch storage organelle - an organelle in some plant cells that stores starch.  are found in starchy plants like tubers and fruits. SLIDESMANIA  Cell Wall  Additional protective layer that maintains cell shape, almost as if each cell has its own exoskeleton.  This allow plants to stand upright without the need for bones. Do animal cells need a cell wall?  No, because we do not need to be as rigid as plants. SLIDESMANIA  Cell Wall What are plants and algae cell walls Polysaccharide made of?cellulose What are fungi cell walls made of? Chitin What are bacterial cell walls made Peptidoglycan of? SLIDESMANIA  Chloroplasts  Sites of photosynthesis  To produce food during photosynthesis, and to store food energy. What is the relationship between chloroplast and chlorophyll? Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts, which contain the What’s chlorophyll. the main use of chlorophyll? Chlorophyll is the green pigment in plants, algae, and SLIDESMANIA cyanobacteria It helps plants to absorb energy from the sun as they undergo the process of  Endoplasmic Reticulum The rough ER's main function is to... help form and store proteins Smooth ER function is to… store lipids, a type of fat. SLIDESMANIA  Golgi Body  Helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules, especially proteins destined to be exported from the cell. SLIDESMANIA  Cytoskeleton  Provides mechanical support that enables cells to carry out essential functions like cell division and movement  It has 3 major filaments SLIDESMANIA SLIDESMANIA  Flagella and Cilia Locomotion of the cells SLIDESMANIA  Why is that flagella & cilia are only present in SLIDESMANIA  They are only present in animal cell since plant cell have no need to move. SLIDESMANIA  Are flagella & cilia important for humans? Why? SLIDESMANIA  In humans, the flagella and cilia are important in reproduction SLIDESMANIA SLIDESMANIA  In males, sperm cells have… flagella that enable them to swim. How does the sperm cell uses flagellum? A sperm cell uses its flagellum to reach the egg. SLIDESMANIA SLIDESMANIA  In females, the fallopian tubes have… have cilia. What’s the function of cilia in the fallopian tubes? help move the egg or embryo toward the uterus. SLIDESMANIA SLIDESMANIA SLIDESMANIA  Plasmodesmata  Channels in the cell walls that allow the exchange of substances between neighboring cells SLIDESMANIA Have nice a SLIDESMANIA