CE 772 Intelligent Transportation System Fall 2024 Lecture 1 Introduction PDF

CE 772 Intelligent Civil Engineering Transportation System Department Fall,2024  Prof. Abdulrahem H. Al-Zahrani Office: Room C63 Tel: 6402000Ext.72541 Instructor...

CE 772 Intelligent Civil Engineering Transportation System Department Fall,2024  Prof. Abdulrahem H. Al-Zahrani Office: Room C63 Tel: 6402000Ext.72541 Instructor Email: [email protected], [email protected] 2 Lecture # 1 - Introduction to the Course - Introduction to the ITS  o This is an introductory course that provides a broad overview of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). o No textbook will be assigned, ABOUT THE rather internet sources and COURSE relevant published papers and reports will be used extensively o Slides and class materials will usually be posted before class  The course will: Aim Provide a broad overview of ITS, including its history, core components, and enabling technologies. Examine a wide range of ITS applications, such as traffic management, traveler information systems, and connected/autonomous vehicles. Discuss the potential benefits and impacts of ITS in improving transportation system efficiency, safety, and sustainability. Introduce students to ITS planning, deployment, and performance assessment methodologies, as well as the associated institutional, legal, and policy considerations.  This course will: Provides a general introduction to Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and their applications in modern transportation networks. Course Explore the fundamental concepts, technologies, Description and implementation strategies of ITS to improve the safety, efficiency, and sustainability of transportation systems.  The course will cover the following key topics: ITS Fundamentals: Definition, history, and evolution of ITS. Overview of ITS components, including advanced sensors, communication technologies, data processing, and control systems. Transportation Data Collection and Management: Sensors and technologies for real-time data collection on traffic, Course infrastructure, and user behavior. Data management, storage, and analytics for ITS applications. Description Traffic Management and Control: Intelligent traffic signal control, ramp metering, variable speed limits, and other advanced traffic management strategies. Coordination of multimodal transportation networks.  Traveler Information Systems: In-vehicle and roadside information systems, mobile applications, and other technologies for delivering real-time travel information to users. Connected and Autonomous Vehicles: Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication. Autonomous vehicle technologies and their integration with ITS. Course Emerging ITS Technologies: Internet of Things (IoT), big data, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence in ITS applications. Description Future trends and innovations in intelligent transportation. ITS Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation: Methodologies for ITS project planning, deployment, and performance assessment. Institutional, legal, and policy considerations for ITS adoption.  Reading Assignments Homework Assignments Assignments Term Paper Midterm and Final Exam  Mid Term Exam 25% Homework Assignment 20% Grading Term Paper 15% (Tentative) Final Exam 40% TOTAL 100%  WEEK TOPIC 1 Course Outline and Overview: Aim, Objective, Definition of ITS. 2 Introduction: Identification of ITS, Benefits of ITS. Tentative 3 Background of ITS, Smart Transportation. Schedule 4 ITS functional areas: Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMS) 5 ITS functional areas: Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS). 6 ITS functional areas: Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO), Advanced Vehicle Control Systems (AVCS), Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS). 7 Mid-Term Exam  WEEK TOPIC 8 ITS and technologies: Automated highway systems (AHS), Autonomous Vehicles, Intelligent Infrastructures, etc 9 Critical ITS issues: ITS and security, ITS and safety, human factors, privacy, sustainability, etc 10 New Technologies and Trends in ITS(Hyperloop , Vehicle to Tentative Vehicle Communication, Self-driving Vehicles, Use of Mobility Data for Urban Planning and Development) Schedule 11 The future of ITS 12 Best Practices and Case Studies 13 Term Paper Presentation 14 Term Paper Presentation 15 Final Exam Introduction to the ITS What is Intelligent Transportation Systems? ITS is a combination of leading-edge technology tools used in transportation and traffic management systems to improve transportation networks' safety, efficiency, and sustainability, reduce traffic congestion, and enhance drivers’ experiences. ITS is an application of well-‐established communication, control, electronics, computer hardware, and computer software technologies in transportation for better system performance. What is Intelligent Transportation Systems? Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) focus on the collection, processing, and utilization of data to provide information, advice, or control for various stakeholders, including: Drivers and Travelers Fleet operators Network managers  Intelligent Transportation System Group of entities that perform tasks according to internal regulations and a given common objective. Group of entities that collaborate in the movement of freight and passengers. Group of entities that collaborate in the movement of freight and passengers, and that can learn, adapt to new situations, and use information/knowledge to enhance operational efficiency. What Does ITS Offer? Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) offer the following key benefits and capabilities: Enhanced Transportation Efficiency: ITS technologies optimize traffic flow, reduce congestion, and improve overall transportation network efficiency. Examples include adaptive traffic signals, ramp metering, and dynamic route guidance. What Does ITS Offer? Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) offer the following key benefits and capabilities: Improved Safety: ITS systems and applications enhance safety by identifying hazards, providing real-time alerts, and assisting drivers and travelers. Examples include collision avoidance systems, work zone monitoring, and emergency response coordination. What Does ITS Offer? Increased Sustainability: ITS supports sustainable transportation by reducing fuel consumption, emissions, and environmental impact. Examples include eco-routing, parking management, and integration with alternative modes of transportation. What Does ITS Offer? Enhanced Traveler Experience: ITS provides travelers with real-time information, personalized guidance, and seamless multimodal integration. Examples include traveler information systems, dynamic ride-sharing, and intermodal trip planning. What Does ITS Offer? Better Asset Management and Maintenance: ITS enables remote monitoring, predictive maintenance, and efficient resource allocation for transportation infrastructure and fleets. Examples include smart pavement sensors, connected vehicle data, and asset management platforms. What Does ITS Offer? Data-Driven Decision-Making: ITS generates and leverages large volumes of transportation data to support informed decision-making and policy development. Examples include traffic analytics, predictive modeling, and performance measurement. What Does ITS Offer? Fostering Innovation and Collaboration: ITS encourages the integration of emerging technologies, such as autonomous vehicles, connected infrastructure, and artificial intelligence. It also promotes cross-agency collaboration and public-private partnerships to drive transportation advancements. Why is ITS important?  Why is ITS important ? The intelligent transportation system (ITS) is important across several key dimensions, including travel, economic, and environmental aspects. Travel Economic Environmental Dimension Dimension Dimension  Improved Travel Experience: ITS technologies, such as real-time traffic information, navigation systems, and multimodal trip planning, enhance the overall travel experience for commuters, travelers, and freight operators. This leads to reduced travel times, increased flexibility, and better accessibility. Enhanced Safety: ITS systems, including collision avoidance technologies, incident management, and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, improve transportation safety, reduce the Travel number of accidents and incidents, and enhance the overall security of the transportation network. Dimension Increased Mobility: ITS enables the integration of various transportation modes, such as public transit, shared mobility, and active transportation (e.g., walking, cycling), thereby improving multimodal connectivity and providing users with more options for their travel needs.  Travel time improvements ranging from 8 to 25% Reduction in crashes of 24 to 50% while handling 8 to 22% more traffic at speeds 13 to 48% higher than prior congested conditions Travel Reduction in delays associated with congestion caused by incidents by 10 to 45% Dimension U.S. Data  Increased Efficiency: By optimizing traffic flow, reducing congestion, and enhancing the utilization of existing transportation infrastructure, ITS can lead to significant cost savings for both individuals and businesses. This includes reduced fuel consumption, decreased vehicle operating costs, and improved productivity. Productivity Gains: ITS can contribute to increased productivity by reducing travel times, improving reliability, and minimizing the impact of transportation-related disruptions on businesses and the economy. This can lead Economic to more efficient logistics, supply chain management, and Dimension better access to markets. New Business Opportunities: The development and implementation of ITS technologies and services can create new business opportunities, fostering innovation, entrepreneurship, and the growth of the transportation technology sector.  Reduced Emissions: ITS technologies, such as eco-routing, intelligent traffic management, and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) integration, can help reduce vehicle emissions and improve air quality by optimizing traffic flow and promoting the use of more energy-efficient modes of transportation. Sustainable Transportation: ITS supports the transition towards more sustainable transportation systems by enabling the integration of alternative fuel vehicles, facilitating the adoption of shared mobility solutions, and encouraging the use of active transportation modes (e.g., walking, cycling). Environmental Resource Efficiency: By improving transportation efficiency and Dimension reducing congestion, ITS can contribute to the conservation of natural resources, such as fuel and land, by minimizing the need for additional infrastructure development and reducing the overall environmental impact of transportation.  Computer technology Traffic management software and hardware Telecommunications – hardwire and wireless ITS Elements Global positioning systems (GPS) Internet Mobile devices ITS Structure ITS Scale URBAN ITS INFRASTRUCTURE  *Transportation Agencies (e.g., National, Regional, Local) *Technology Providers *Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Providers *Vehicle Manufacturers ITS STAKEHOLDERS *Traffic Management and Operations Centers *Research and Academic Institutions *Policymakers and Regulators *End-Users and the Public ITS Stakeholders: Role and Responsibilities Stakeholder Role Responsibilities These include federal, state, and Developing ITS strategies, setting policies, local transportation departments, allocating funding, and coordinating the as well as transit authorities. integration of ITS systems with existing Transportation Agencies They are responsible for the transportation infrastructure. planning, deployment, and management of ITS technologies within their jurisdictions. Companies that develop, Innovating and improving ITS manufacture, and supply ITS technologies, ensuring compatibility with Technology Providers technologies, such as sensors, industry standards, and providing communication systems, software technical support and maintenance platforms, and data analytics tools. services. ITS Stakeholders: Role and Responsibilities Stakeholder Role Responsibilities Telecommunications companies, Developing and maintaining the Information and internet service providers, and necessary communication infrastructure, Communication wireless network operators that providing secure and reliable data Technology (ICT) Providers enable the communication and transmission, and ensuring seamless data exchange within ITS systems. connectivity. Automakers that integrate ITS Designing and manufacturing ITS- technologies, such as connected enabled vehicles, ensuring compatibility Vehicle Manufacturers vehicle systems, advanced driver with transportation infrastructure, and assistance features, and contributing to the development of autonomous driving capabilities, industry standards. into their vehicles. ITS Stakeholders: Role and Responsibilities Stakeholder Role Responsibilities Agencies or organizations Collecting and analyzing data from responsible for the real-time ITS systems, making informed Traffic Management and monitoring, coordination, and decisions to manage traffic flow, Operations Centers control of transportation respond to incidents, and optimize networks, such as traffic transportation operations. management centers and emergency operations centers. Universities, research centers, and Advancing the state of the art in ITS, think tanks that conduct research, evaluating the impacts of ITS Research and Academic develop new ITS technologies, and deployments, and developing Institutions provide educational programs to innovative solutions to train professionals in the field. transportation challenges. ITS Stakeholders: Role and Responsibilities Stakeholder Role Responsibilities Government agencies at the Developing guidelines, securing federal, state, and local levels that funding, and ensuring the Policymakers and Regulators establish policies, regulations, and compliance of ITS systems with standards for the deployment and relevant laws and regulations. use of ITS technologies. Travelers, commuters, and the Providing feedback, adapting to new public who benefit from the transportation technologies, and End-Users and the Public improved safety, efficiency, and embracing the use of ITS accessibility of transportation applications to enhance their systems enabled by ITS. mobility experience. How does an Intelligent Transport System work? How does an Intelligent Transport System work? The system works through: ITS Combining Technologies ITS Enabling Technologies System Architecture ITS combining technologies The technical core of intelligent transportation system (ITS) is the application of information and control technologies to transportation system operations. These technologies include communications, automatic control, and computer hardware and software. The adaptation of these technologies to transportation requires knowledge from many engineering majors for example civil, electrical, mechanical, industrial, and their related disciplines. ITS combining technologies Majority of transportation problems are caused by a lack of timely and accurate information and from the lack of appropriate coordination among individuals in the system. The positive contribution of information technology is to offer better information to help people involved in the system to make synergistic decisions.  There is a range of information and communications technologies that enable ITS Enabling the development of ITS. Technologies For instance, fiber optics, electromagnetic compasses, GPS, laser sensors, digital map databases, and display technologies.  Enabling technologies can be divided into several classes which include: Data Acquisition Data Processing Data Analysis ITS Enabling Data Communications &Transmission Technologies Data Distribution Information Utilization Information & Monitor Acquisition Processing Distribution Management  Data Acquisition ITS Enabling Technologies Strategic planning needs precise, extensive and prompt data collection with real-time observation. Data is collected via varied hardware devices that lay the base of further ITS functions. These devices are Automatic Vehicle Identifiers, GPS based automatic vehicle locators, sensors, camera etc. The hardware mainly records data like traffic count, surveillance, travel speed and travel time, location, vehicle weight, delays, etc. These hardware devices are connected to the servers generally located at data collection center which stores CCTV camera as part of intelligent transportation system large amounts of data for further analysis. ITS Enabling Technologies Data Processing Information collected at data management center is required to be processed, verified, and consolidated into a format that is useful for the operators. This can be done using a data fusion process. Added to that, Automatic Incident Detection (AID) may also be used for data processing. Global positioning system (GPS) can be used on vehicle side to process data Automatic incident detection (AID) pedestrian on the highway ITS Enabling Technologies Data Analysis The data that has been collected and received at TMC is processed further in various steps. These steps are error rectification, data cleaning, data synthesis, and adaptive logical analysis. Inconsistencies in data are identified with specialized software and rectified. After that data is further altered and pooled for analysis. This mended collective data is analyzed further to predict traffic scenario which is available to deliver appropriate information to users. ITS Enabling Technologies Data Communications &Transmission Rapid and real-time information communication is the Key to proficiency in ITS implementation. This aspect of ITS consists of the transmission of collected data from the field to TMC and then sending back that analyzed information from TMC to travelers. Traffic-related announcements are communicated wireless sensor network to the travelers through the internet, SMS, or onboard units of the Vehicle. ITS Enabling Technologies Data Communications &Transmission Several ways can be used to convey messages for example wireline or wireless, Fiber optics, and electronic toll collection (ETC) systems. Some of these data communication technologies are used by data management centers whereas others are used from the vehicle side. wireless sensor network  Information Utilization ITS Enabling Technologies Travel Advisory Systems (TAS) is used to inform transportation updates to the traveling user. The system delivers real-time information like travel time, travel speed, delay, accidents on roads, changes in route, diversions, work zone conditions, etc. This information is delivered by a wide range of electronic devices like variable message signs, highway advisory radio, internet, SMS, and automated cell. Adaptive cruise control System Architecture System Architecture THE ITS ARCHITECTURE PROVIDES A INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS (ITS) STANDARDIZED AND COMPREHENSIVE ARCHITECTURE REFERS TO THE HIGH-LEVEL APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT, FRAMEWORK THAT DEFINES THE STRUCTURE, DEPLOYMENT, AND INTEGRATION OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS, AND RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN ITS TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS. AN ITS ECOSYSTEM. THE ITS ARCHITECTURE SERVES AS A GUIDING FRAMEWORK FOR TRANSPORTATION AGENCIES, TECHNOLOGY PROVIDERS, AND OTHER STAKEHOLDERS TO PLAN, DESIGN, AND IMPLEMENT EFFECTIVE INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS THAT ADDRESS THE EVOLVING MOBILITY NEEDS OF COMMUNITIES AND REGIONS. System Architecture: Purpose and Objectives The primary purpose of ITS Architecture is to ensure the compatibility, integration, and coordinated deployment of ITS systems and technologies. It aims to facilitate the seamless exchange of data and information among different ITS components, enabling efficient and effective transportation management. The objectives of ITS Architecture include improving safety, reducing congestion, enhancing mobility, and supporting sustainable transportation solutions. System Architecture: Components of ITS Architecture Physical Architecture: Defines the physical components of the ITS system, such as vehicles, infrastructure (e.g., traffic signals, sensors), and communication networks. Functional Architecture: Describes the various functions and processes that the ITS system must perform, such as traffic management, traveler information, and emergency response. Information Architecture: Specifies the data and information flows between the different ITS components, ensuring effective communication and data sharing. Communication Architecture: Defines the communication protocols, interfaces, and technologies that enable the exchange of information within the ITS system. Institutional Architecture: Addresses the organizational, institutional, and legal aspects of ITS deployment, including roles, responsibilities, and coordination among stakeholders. System Architecture: ITS Architecture Frameworks National ITS Architecture: Provides a comprehensive, standardized framework for the development of ITS systems in a country or region, ensuring compatibility and interoperability across jurisdictions. Regional ITS Architecture: Tailored to the specific needs and requirements of a particular metropolitan area or region, aligning with the national ITS architecture. Project-specific ITS Architecture: Developed for individual ITS projects or deployments, based on the national and regional frameworks, but customized to the project's unique requirements. System Architecture: Benefits of ITS Architecture Promotes interoperability and integration: By defining standard Facilitates scalability and expandability: interfaces and data exchange The modular and flexible nature of ITS protocols, ITS Architecture enables Architecture allows for the easy addition different ITS components to work or modification of new ITS technologies together seamlessly. and applications. Supports informed decision-making: ITS Architecture provides a structured Ensures consistency and coherence: A framework for analyzing the costs, well-defined ITS Architecture ensures benefits, and trade-offs of various ITS that individual ITS projects and investments and strategies. deployments align with the broader transportation objectives and strategies.