CDP (Pedagogy) free notes by Himanshi Singh.pdf

 Let's LEARN! https://www.youtube.com/c/LetsLEARN2016 Other Important Links CTET 5 Marathon Free Classes by Himanshi Singh: https://bit.ly/3skQ6wq Pedagogy Classnotes Book (Amazon Link) : https://amzn.to/3s4Pjjo Pedagogy Classnotes Book (Flipkart Link) : https:...

 Let's LEARN! https://www.youtube.com/c/LetsLEARN2016 Other Important Links CTET 5 Marathon Free Classes by Himanshi Singh: https://bit.ly/3skQ6wq Pedagogy Classnotes Book (Amazon Link) : https://amzn.to/3s4Pjjo Pedagogy Classnotes Book (Flipkart Link) : https://rb.gy/1z3xfw Instagram :- https://instagram.com/himanshisinghof... Twitter :- https://twitter.com/himanshiiisingh Facebook :- https://m.facebook.com/letslearnforctet/ Telegram :- https://telegram.me/LETSLEARNSQUAD  cky fodkl ,oa f'k{k.k 'kkL=k vvv Free Notes by Himanshi Singh vvv o`f¼ ,oa fodkl Growth and Development fodkl ,d ,slh izfØ;k gS tks lrr~ pyrh gS rFkk ftlesa xq.kkRed ifjorZu ,oa ifjek.kkRed (ek=kkRed) s ifjorZu nksuksa lfEefyr gksrs gSaA e t' L xq.kkRed ifjorZu (Qualitative change) % dk;Z'kSyh (Way of doing something)] dk;Z{kerk (Ability to do something, emotional understanding etc.) ifjek.kkRed ifjorZu (Quantitative change) % Height, Weight, Shape. ! The developmental changes are Progressive, Orderly, Sequential. (POS) N lrr~ % lrr~ dk vFkZ gS yxkrkj pyuk vFkkZr~ ihNs dh voLFkk ij iqu% è;ku ugha nsukA R (Not reversible put A modifiable) fodkl% ekufld i{k] lkekftd i{k] lkaosf{kd i{k bR;kfn esaA L E fodkl Ø 'kkjhfjd fodkl Ø Kku laca/h @ ekufld fodkl @ laKkukRed Ø lkekftd fodkl Ø lkaosfxd fodkl Broad Domains of Development Ø Physical Development P Ø Cognitive Development C Ø Social Development S Ø Emotional Development E 1 Let's LEARN https://www.youtube.com/c/LetsLEARN2016 Physical Development Height, Weight, Size, Shape... etc. Motor Development (Speed, Accuracy and Precision) xfr lacaf/r i{k tks 'kkjhfjd fodkl ls lacaf/r gksrk gSA Ø Gross Motor Skills Ø Fine Motor Skills Gross Motor (LFkwy xfrd dkS'ky) cM+h s Muscles ' Arm dh Muscles t e Legs dh Muscles L Fine Motor (lw{e xfrd dkS'ky) NksVh&NksVh Muscles, vk¡[kksa dh eklisf'k;k¡ gkFk dh Muscles Gross to fine → development gksrk gSA Gross Motor Skills (LFkwy xfrd dkS'ky) ! ?kqVuksa ds cy pyuk N [kM+s gksdj pyuk R nkSM+uk vkSj dwnuk A Walking, Running, Jumping L E Fine Motor Skills (lw{e xfrd dkS'ky) maxyh vkSj vaxwBs ds tfj;s dqN mBkuk jsr esa iSjksa dh maxfy;ka ?kqekukA Drawing, Painting, Writing, dkty yxkuk Cognitive Development laKkukRed i{k esa fodkl ls vFkZ ekufld {kerkvksa ds fodflr gksus ls gS] laKku dk vFkZ fnekx] ckSf¼d {kerkvksa dk fodkl e.g. lkspuk] rdZ] dYiuk] eseksjh] Hkk"kk fodkl Brain = Left Brain + Right Brain Logical Creativity (Science, Math, Language) (Drawing, Music, Dance) 2 Let's LEARN https://www.youtube.com/c/LetsLEARN2016 Social Development Ø lekt ds varxrZ fufgr fu;eksa dk vuqikyu djukA Moral Development blh ls lacaf/r gSA Ø (The Process of learning, adapting and instilling (Internalising) the Values, Norms and Socially approved ways of behaviour is known as Socialisation) Ø Socialisation is a lifelong process starting from infancy to death Emotional Development Ø jSFkl ds vuqlkj laosx @ Hkkouk gS tks gekjs vanj jax Hkjrh gSA (Emotions colour our lives.) ' s Ø Emotional development is about knowing and managing your emotions. t Ø Emotions and Cognition are interrelated. e o`f¼ (Growth) L Ø ;g fodkl dk gh NksVk fgLlk gSA Ø ifjiDork (Maturity) Hkh fodkl dk gh fgLlk vFkkZr~ Domain gSA Ø ifjiDork vuqokaf'kdrk ls lacaf/r gSA Ø ifjiDork (Maturity), Highly related to Heredity (vkuqoaf'kdrk)A Ø Growth (o`f¼) esa Quantitive changes (ek=kkRed ifjorZu) gksrk gSA ! Quantitive / Structure Changes: eksVk gksuk] iryk gksuk] yEck gksuk] vkdkj esa o`f¼] NksVk gksuk vkfnA N Ø Quantitive dk vFkZ gksrk gS ftls ge x.kuk @ Measure dj ldsaA R Ø fodkl esa ge lHkh fgLlksa dks eki ugha ldrs gSaA A Ø o`f¼ (Growth), ,d le; ij #d tkrh gSA tcfd fodkl (Development), ^^xHkZ ls dcz** (womb to E tomb) rd pyus okyh izfØ;k gSA L Ø o`f¼ dks ,d Unit, (kg, inches, cm) vkfn ds rgr ekik (Measurement) tkrk gS tcfd fodkl ds gj igyw dks ughaA Ø fodkl dk dsoy vkdyu (Assessment) fd;k tk ldrk gSA Ø Chess (psl)] [ksyuk fodkl dk fgLlk gSA ogha yEckbZ cuk) L Ø Psychologists, counsellors, politicians, social workers and religious leaders are likely to possess high interpersonal intelligence. e.g. M. Gandhi, Mother Teresa. ! 7. Intrapersonal (var%oS;fDrd cqf¼) N Ø Awareness of one’s own feelings, motives, human existence and meaning of R life, desires. A Ø Persons high on this ability have finer sensibilities regarding their identity, E human existence and meaning of life. L Ø Sandeep Maheshwari, Aristotle, Sadhguru, Philosophers, Buddha 8. Naturalistic (izkÑfrd cqf¼) Ø Sensitivity to the features of the Natural World. Ø Hunters, farmers, tourists, botanists, zoologists and bird watchers possess more of naturalistic intelligence. 13 Let's LEARN https://www.youtube.com/c/LetsLEARN2016 f=k&cqf¼ fl¼kar (Triarchic Theory of Intelligence) Ø William Sternberg ds }kjk ^^f=k&cqf¼ fl¼kar** dk izfriknu fd;k x;kA Ø P C A Practical Creative Analytical e t' s L Componential (fo'kys"k.kkRed) Ø Think abstractly and process information effectively. Experiential (jpukRed) ! Ø Formulate new ideas, to combine seemingly unrelated facts. N Contextual (izk;kSfxd) R Ø Shape the environment to maximize one’s strength and compensate one’s weakness. A (Street Smarts) L E Louis Thurstone- SPNV-WMR (Trick) Ø PMA = 7-Primary Mental Ability – Group factor theory. – The Seven factors (7) are independent of each other. S = Spatial Ability (LFkkfud {kerk) P = Perceptual Ability (vo/kj.kkRed {kerk) N = Numerical Ability (la[;kRed {kerk) V = Verbal Comprehension (Hkk"kk le>us ls lacaf/r) W = Word fluency (Hkk"kk cksyus ls lacaf/r) M = Memory (Le`fr) R = Reasoning (rdZ'kfDr) 14 Let's LEARN https://www.youtube.com/c/LetsLEARN2016 I;kts dk laKkukRed fl¼kar (Piaget’s Cognitive Theory) Ø Cognitive Development (laKkukRed fodkl) Ø Intellectual Development (ckSf¼d fodkl) Ø Piaget was a Swiss psychologist. Ø bUgksaus cPpksa dks lfØ; fuekZrk (Active Constructor), dgk gSA Ø Active Constructor / Builder of knowledge. (Kku ds lfØ; fuekZrk) Ø cPps uUgsa oSKkfud (Little Scientist) gSA Ø Schema = Mental Structures. (Existing / Previous knowledge) cPps Activity }kjk vius laKku dk fuekZ.k tkjh j[krs gSaA s Ø ' Ø I;kts jpukoknh (Radical Constructivist) gSA e t Ø I;kts dk fl¼kar gesa crkrk gS fd cPpk ,d ekufld @ laKkukRed lajpuk ds lkFk iSnk gqvk gS] tks 14 L ;k 15 lky dh mez esa vf/dre fodkl izkIr djrk gSA Ø I;kts us laKkukRed @ ckSf¼d fodkl dks 4 Stages esa ck¡Vk gSA Ø Collective Monologue (lkewfgd ,dkyki) fn;kA (3&5 o"kZ) Ø I;kts ds vuqlkj fodkl ,d vlrr~ izfØ;k gS (Development is Discontinuous) 4 Elements (MESE) ! 1. M—Maturation (ifjiDork) @ Genetics / Heredity N 2. E—Experience (vuqHko) @ Activity A R 3. S—Social Interaction (lkekftd var%fØ;k) E 4. E—Equilibration (larqyu) L Process of Equilibration (larqyu) Equilibration (larqyu) Adaptation Organisation (vuqowQyu) (laxBu) Assimilation Accommodation (vkRelkr) (lek;kstu) 15 Let's LEARN https://www.youtube.com/c/LetsLEARN2016 Process of Adaptation (vuqowQyu dh izfØ;k) e t' s L Assimilation: Information dks Existing Scheme esa Add djukA Accommodation: vius information esa Adjust, Manipulate, Modify djukA Ø I;kts ds vuqlkj laKkukRed fodkl dh pkj voLFkk,¡ gSa (SPCF) laosnh is'kh; voLFkk 0-2 o"kZ ! S (i) (Sensori Motor Stage) N P (ii) iwoZ&lafØ;kRed voLFkk (Pre-Operational Stage) 2-7 o"kZ R C (iii) ewrZ&lfØ; voLFkk (Concrete Operation Stage) 7-11 o"kZ A F (iv) vkSipkfjd lfØ; voLFkk (Formal Operation Stage) 11-15 o"kZ L E 1. Sensorimotor Stage (0 ls 2 o"kZ) Ø xR;kRed voLFkk Ø bfUnz;xked voLFkk Ø laosnh is'kh; voLFkk Ø tUe ls 2 o"kZ dh vk;q Ø oLrq LFkkf;Ro (Object Permanence) (Out of sight, Out of mind) Ø foyafcr vuqdj.k (Deferred Imitation) Ø y{; funsZf'kr O;ogkj (Goal directed behaviour) Ø cPps dh bfUnz;k gh f'k{kd gksrs gSa] bl voLFkk esaA (Senses are teachers) Ø bl voLFkk esa cPpk gkFkksa o vk¡[kksa ls lksprk gS] vFkkZr~ viuh KkusfUnz;k ls nqfu;k dh le> fodflr djrk gSA (Thinks with eyes, hands and ears). 16 Let's LEARN https://www.youtube.com/c/LetsLEARN2016 2. Pre-Operational Stage (2 ls 7 o"kZ) Ø iwoZ lafØ;kRed voLFkk Ø Lacks logic (rdZ'kfDr esa deh) Ø Lacks reversibility (ikuh ciQZ cu ldrk gS vkSj ciQZ ikuh dh ukle>) Ø Animism (futhZo&ltho ukle>) Ø Ecocentrism (bl voLFkk esa cPps dks yxrk gS fd tSlk eSa lksprk gw¡ oSlk gh iwjh nqfu;k lksprh gSA Ø Symbolic thought (language Kku / ABCD, d [k x --- s Ø Lack of conservation (laj{k.k) cPps dks ,slk ,sglkl gksxk fd fodV A esa T;knk ikuh gSA tcfd nksuksa ' esa leku gSaA (In picture) e t Ø Centration (dsUnzhdj.k) L 3. Concrete Operational (7 ls 11 o"kZ) Ø ewrZ lafØ;kRed voLFkk Ø ewrZ (concrete) phtksa ds izfr Logic (rdZ'kfDr) dk Kku gksuk Ø oLrqvksa dk oxhZdj.k (classification) (∆, □, ○) colour, shape, size ds vk/kj ij Ø oLrqvksa dk laj{k.k (Achieves conservation) Ø Reversibility dk Kku gksuk ! Ø oLrqvksa dks ltkuk (c