CDP (Pedagogy) Free Notes PDF

 Contents (fo"k;&lwph) o`f¼ ,oa fodkl Growth and Development.......................................................................................... 1 o`f¼ (Growth)....................................................................................

 Contents (fo"k;&lwph) o`f¼ ,oa fodkl Growth and Development.......................................................................................... 1 o`f¼ (Growth)........................................................................................................................................... 3 fodkl (Development).............................................................................................................................. 3 Stages of Development.............................................................................................................................. 4 Principles of Development....................................................................................................................... 6 Principles of Direction.............................................................................................................................. 6 O;fDrxr fofHkUurk,¡ (Individual Differences)....................................................................................... 6 O;fDrxr fofHkUurkvksa dk vk/kj (Basis of Individual Differences).................................................... 6 Motivation................................................................................................................................................. 7 ' s Abraham Maslow's Need's Hierarchy ( eSLyks dks vko';drk vuqØe fl¼kar ).................................... 8 t Concept of IQ............................................................................................................................................ 9 e l`tukRedrk vkSj cqf¼ (Creativity and Intelligence)............................................................................. 9 L Gifted Children (izfrHkk'kkyh cPps) ( 3 izdkj )................................................................................. 10 Emotional Intelligence ( lkaosfxd cqf¼ ).............................................................................................. 10 Cognition and Emotion ( laKku ,oa laosx ).......................................................................................... 11 cgq&cqf¼ dk fl¼kar (Theory of Multiple Intelligence)...................................................................... 12 f=k&cqf¼ fl¼kar (Triarchic Theory of Intelligence)............................................................................. 14 ! I;kts dk laKkukRed fl¼kar (Piaget’s Cognitive Theory)................................................................... 15 N 4 Elements (MESE)................................................................................................................................ 15 R Process of Equilibration ( larqyu )........................................................................................................ 15 A Process of Adaptation ( vuqowQyu dh izfØ;k )..................................................................................... 16 E dksgycxZ dk uSfrd fodkl dk fl¼kar (Theory of Kohlberg’s Moral Development).................... 20 L lekos'kh f'k{kk (Inclusive Education)................................................................................................... 25 v{kerk ds izdkj (Type of Disability)................................................................................................... 25 vf/xe v{kerk ds izdkj (Types of Learning Disabilities)................................................................ 25 izfrHkk'kkyh cPps (Gifted Children)...................................................................................................... 27 RTE Act, 2009......................................................................................................................................... 29 lkekthdj.k (Socialization)................................................................................................................... 30 ckyosaQfnzr f'k{kk (Child Centered Education)..................................................................................... 31 Hkk"kk (Language)..................................................................................................................................... 32 Gender ( fyax )....................................................................................................................................... 33 Bloom's Taxonomy.................................................................................................................................. 34 Thorndike (Trial and Error Theory).................................................................................................... 34 National Education Policy 2020............................................................................................................. 35 21st Century Skills.................................................................................................................................. 39 Metacognition ( ijklaKku ).................................................................................................................... 41  cky fodkl ,oa f'k{k.k 'kkL=k vvv Free Notes by Himanshi Singh vvv o`f¼ ,oa fodkl Growth and Development fodkl ,d ,slh izfØ;k gS tks lrr~ pyrh gS rFkk ftlesa xq.kkRed ifjorZu ,oa ifjek.kkRed (ek=kkRed) s ifjorZu nksuksa lfEefyr gksrs gSaA e t ' L xq.kkRed ifjorZu (Qualitative change) % dk;Z'kSyh (Way of doing something)] dk;Z{kerk (Ability to do something, emotional understanding etc.) ! ifjek.kkRed ifjorZu (Quantitative change) % Height, Weight, Shape. N The developmental changes are Progressive, Orderly, Sequential. (POS) lrr~ % lrr~ dk vFkZ gS yxkrkj pyuk vFkkZr~ ihNs dh voLFkk ij iqu% è;ku ugha nsukA R (Not reversible put A modifiable) fodkl% ekufld i{k] lkekftd i{k] lkaosf{kd i{k bR;kfn esaA L E fodkl Ø 'kkjhfjd fodkl Ø Kku laca/h @ ekufld fodkl @ laKkukRed Ø lkekftd fodkl Ø lkaosfxd fodkl Broad Domains of Development Ø Physical Development P Ø Cognitive Development C Ø Social Development S Ø Emotional Development E 1 Let's LEARN https://www.youtube.com/c/LetsLEARN2016 Physical Development Height, Weight, Size, Shape... etc. Motor Development (Speed, Accuracy and Precision) xfr lacaf/r i{k tks 'kkjhfjd fodkl ls lacaf/r gksrk gSA Ø Gross Motor Skills Ø Fine Motor Skills Gross Motor (LFkwy xfrd dkS'ky) cM+h s Muscles ' Arm dh Muscles t Legs dh Muscles e Fine Motor (lw{e xfrd dkS'ky) L NksVh&NksVh Muscles, vk¡[kksa dh eklisf'k;k¡ gkFk dh Muscles Gross to fine → development gksrk gSA Gross Motor Skills (LFkwy xfrd dkS'ky) ! ?kqVuksa ds cy pyuk N [kM+s gksdj pyuk R nkSM+uk vkSj dwnuk A Walking, Running, Jumping L E Fine Motor Skills (lw{e xfrd dkS'ky) maxyh vkSj vaxwBs ds tfj;s dqN mBkuk jsr esa iSjksa dh maxfy;ka ?kqekukA Drawing, Painting, Writing, dkty yxkuk Cognitive Development laKkukRed i{k esa fodkl ls vFkZ ekufld {kerkvksa ds fodflr gksus ls gS] laKku dk vFkZ fnekx] ckSf¼d {kerkvksa dk fodkl e.g. lkspuk] rdZ] dYiuk] eseksjh] Hkk"kk fodkl Brain = Left Brain + Right Brain Logical Creativity (Science, Math, Language) (Drawing, Music, Dance) 2 Let's LEARN https://www.youtube.com/c/LetsLEARN2016 Social Development Ø lekt ds varxrZ fufgr fu;eksa dk vuqikyu djukA Moral Development blh ls lacaf/r gSA Ø (The Process of learning, adapting and instilling (Internalising) the Values, Norms and Socially approved ways of behaviour is known as Socialisation) Ø Socialisation is a lifelong process starting from infancy to death Emotional Development Ø jSFkl ds vuqlkj laosx @ Hkkouk gS tks gekjs vanj jax Hkjrh gSA (Emotions colour our lives.) s Ø Emotional development is about knowing and managing your ' emotions. t Ø Emotions and Cognition are interrelated. e o`f¼ L (Growth) Ø ;g fodkl dk gh NksVk fgLlk gSA Ø ifjiDork (Maturity) Hkh fodkl dk gh fgLlk vFkkZr~ Domain gSA Ø ifjiDork vuqokaf'kdrk ls lacaf/r gSA Ø ifjiDork (Maturity), Highly related to Heredity (vkuqoaf'kdrk)A ! Ø Growth (o`f¼) esa Quantitive changes (ek=kkRed ifjorZu) gksrk gSA N Quantitive / Structure Changes: eksVk gksuk] iryk gksuk] yEck gksuk] vkdkj esa o`f¼] NksVk gksuk vkfnA R Ø Quantitive dk vFkZ gksrk gS ftls ge x.kuk @ Measure dj ldsaA A Ø fodkl esa ge lHkh fgLlksa dks eki ugha ldrs gSaA Ø o`f¼ (Growth), ,d le; ij #d tkrh gSA tcfd fodkl (Development), ^^xHkZ ls dcz** (womb to E tomb) rd pyus okyh izfØ;k gSA L Ø o`f¼ dks ,d Unit, (kg, inches, cm) vkfn ds rgr ekik (Measurement) tkrk gS tcfd fodkl ds gj igyw dks ughaA Ø fodkl dk dsoy vkdyu (Assessment) fd;k tk ldrk gSA Ø Chess (psl)] [ksyuk fodkl dk fgLlk gSA ogha yEckbZ c fodflr djrk gSA (Thinks with eyes, hands and ears). 16 Let's LEARN https://www.youtube.com/c/LetsLEARN2016 2. Pre-Operational Stage (2 ls 7 o"kZ) Ø iwoZ lafØ;kRed voLFkk Ø Lacks logic (rdZ'kfDr esa deh) Ø Lacks reversibility (ikuh ciQZ cu ldrk gS vkSj ciQZ ikuh dh ukle>) Ø Animism (futhZo&ltho ukle>) Ø Ecocentrism (bl voLFkk esa cPps dks yxrk gS fd tSlk eSa lksprk gw¡ oSlk gh iwjh nqfu;k lksprh gSA Ø Symbolic thought (language Kku / ABCD, d [k x --- Ø Lack of conservation (laj{k.k) cPps dks ,slk ,sglkl gksxk fd fodV A esa T;knk ikuh gSA tcfd nksuksa ' s esa leku gSaA (In picture) t Ø Centration (dsUnzhdj.k) e 3. Concrete Operational (7 ls 11 o"kZ) L Ø ewrZ lafØ;kRed voLFkk Ø ewrZ (concrete) phtksa ds izfr Logic (rdZ'kfDr) dk Kku gksuk Ø oLrqvksa dk oxhZdj.k (classification) (∆, □, ○) colour, shape, size ds vk/kj ij Ø oLrqvksa dk laj{k.k (Achieves conservation) ! Ø Reversibility dk Kku gksuk Ø oLrqvksa dks ltkuk (c