CBSE Class 12 NCERT Geography PDF - Indian People and Economy in Hindi - Chapter 5

Summary

This document contains chapter 5 of the CBSE class 12 NCERT Geography book. It includes information on various aspects of Indian geography and provides detail on land use and agricultural techniques from a Hindi text.

Full Transcript

bdkbZ III vkius vius pkjksa vksj Hkwfe osQ dbZ mi;ksx ns[ks gksaxsA i`Foh osQ oqQN Hkkx ij ufn;k¡ gSa] oqQN ij o`{k gSa rFkk oqQN ij vè;k; 5 lM+osaQ o bekjrsa fufeZr gSaA fofHkUu izdkj dh Hkwfe fofHkUu...

bdkbZ III vkius vius pkjksa vksj Hkwfe osQ dbZ mi;ksx ns[ks gksaxsA i`Foh osQ oqQN Hkkx ij ufn;k¡ gSa] oqQN ij o`{k gSa rFkk oqQN ij vè;k; 5 lM+osaQ o bekjrsa fufeZr gSaA fofHkUu izdkj dh Hkwfe fofHkUu dk;ks± gsrq mi;ksxh gSAa bl izdkj euq"; Hkwfe dks mRiknu] jgus rFkk ukuk izdkj osQ euksjatd dk;ks± gsrq lalkèku osQ :i esa iz;ksx djrk gSA vkiosQ LowQy dh bekjr] lM+osaQ ftu ij vki ;k=kk djrs gSa] ozQhM+k m|ku tgk¡ vki [ksyrs gSa] [ksr ftu ij I+kQlysa mxkbZ tkrh gSa ,oa pjkxkg tgk¡ i'kq pjrs gSa vkfn Hkwfe osQ fofHkUu mi;ksxksa dks iznf'kZr djrs gSaA Hkw&mi;ksx oxhZdj.k Hkwlalkèku rFkk o`Qf"k HkwjktLo foHkkx Hkw&mi;ksx lacaèkh vfHkys[k j[krk gSA Hkw&mi;ksx laoxks± dk ;ksx oqQy izfrosnu (fjiksfV±x) {ks=k osQ cjkcj gksrk gS tks fd HkkSxksfyd {ks=k ls fHkUu gSA Hkkjr dh iz'kkldh; bdkb;ksa osQ HkkSxksfyd {ks=k dh lgh tkudkjh nsus dk nkf;Ro Hkkjrh; los{Z k.k foHkkx ij gSA D;k vkius dHkh Hkkjrh; los{Z k.k foHkkx }kjk rS;kj fd, x, ekufp=kksa dk iz;ksx fd;k gS\ HkwjktLo rFkk los{Z k.k foHkkx nksuksa esa ewyHkwr varj ;g gS fd HkwjktLo }kjk izLrqr {ks=kiQy i=kksa osQ vuqlkj fjiksfV±x {ks=k ij vkèkkfjr gS tks fd de ;k vfèkd gks ldrk gSA oqQy HkkSxksfyd {ks=k Hkkjrh; los{Z k.k foHkkx osQ los{Z k.k ij vkèkkfjr gS rFkk ;g LFkk;h gSA vki Hkw&mi;ksx oxhZdj.k osQ fo"k; esa lkekftd foKku dh iqLrd d{kk nl esa ik laifÙk lalkèku osQ ,sls mnkgj.k gSa okLrfod o`f¼ vkSj o`f¼ nj esa D;k varj gS\ 1950&51 ,oa ftldk mi;ksx ,d ifjokj ls cM+h bdkbZ djrh gS rFkk ;gh 2014&15 osQ vk¡dM+ksa osQ vuqlkj Hkwfe mi;ksx osQ lHkh oxks± dh mlosQ izcaèku osQ nkf;Roksa dk fuoZgu djrh gSaA okLrfod o`f¼ o o`f¼ nj osQ fo"k; esa crkb,A ifjf'k"V rkfydk p ifj.kke dh foospuk dhft,A Hkkjr esa o`Qf"k Hkw&mi;ksx vè;kid osQ fy, Hkw&lalkèkuksa dk egRo mu yksxksa osQ fy, vfèkd gS ftudh okLrfod o`f¼ dh x.kuk osQ fy,] nks le; dkyksa osQ Hkw&mi;ksx vkthfodk o`Qf"k ij fuHkZj gSa % laoxks± dk varj fudkysaA (i) f}rh;d o r`rh;d vkfFkZd fozQ;kvksa dh vis{kk o`Qf"k iw.kZr;k Hkwfe ij vkèkkfjr gSA vU; 'kCnksa esa] o`f¼ nj dh x.kuk gsr]q lkekU; o`f¼ nj vFkkZr~ nksuksa o"kks± osQ vk¡dM+kas o`Qf"k mRiknu esa Hkwfe dk ;ksxnku vU; lsDVjksa esa dk varj fudkydj mls vkèkkj o"kZ ;kuh 1950&51 osQ vk¡dM+ksa ls blosQ ;ksxnku ls vfèkd gSA vr% xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa foHkkftr djsaA tSlsµ Hkwfeghurk izR;{k :i ls ogk¡ dh xjhch ls lacfa èkr fuoy cks;k x;k {k=sk (2014&15) & fuoy ck;sk x;k {k=sk (1950&51) × 100 gSA fuoy ck;sk x;k {k=sk (1950&51) (ii) Hkwfe dh xq.koÙkk o`Qf"k mRikndrk dks izHkkfor djrh gS tks vU; dk;ks± esa ugha gSA lk>k laifÙk lalkèku (Common Proper Proper ty operty (iii) xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa Hkw&LokfeRo dk vkfFkZd ewY; osQ Resources) vfrfjDr lkekftd ewY; Hkh gSa rFkk izko`Qfrd Hkwfe osQ LokfeRo osQ vkèkkj ij bls eksVs rkSj ij nks oxks± esa vkinkvksa ;k futh foifÙk esa ,d lqj{kk dh Hkk¡fr ck¡Vk tkrk gSµ futh HkwlaifÙk rFkk lk>k laifÙk lalkèku gS ,oa lekt esa izfr"Bk c

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