CBSE Class 11 Physical Education PDF

CBSE Physical Education& Sports for CWSN (Children With Special Needs-Divyang) Mr. Pramod Ravi MP Ed, M Phil, NET, NIS-Athletics, AFI- Level-1 Official , STA Level -2 Swimming, ICC Level 1 IIS- Qatar...

CBSE Physical Education& Sports for CWSN (Children With Special Needs-Divyang) Mr. Pramod Ravi MP Ed, M Phil, NET, NIS-Athletics, AFI- Level-1 Official , STA Level -2 Swimming, ICC Level 1 IIS- Qatar For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496 Concept of Disability & Disorder Types of Disability, its causes & nature ( Intellectual disability, Physical disability) Disability Etiquettes Aims & Objectives of Adaptive Physical Education Role of various professionals for children with special needs (Counselor, Occupational Therapist, Physiotherapist, Physical Education Teacher, Speech Therapist & special Educator) For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496  Disorder The term Disorder refers to the disruption or disturbance caused to the normal functions of a body. Other than physical, disorders can be mental or cognitive in nature, for example anxiety disorder. Substance abuse disorder, addiction disorder, attention disorder, eating disorder are few more common examples of disorders. Associated: Disorder can be associated with Physical or Mental functioning disturbance Kinds: Different kinds of disorder include mental disorders, attention disorder, eating disorder, anxiety disorder, substance abuse, addiction disorder and so forth. Reversal: Individuals experiencing disorder can be treated to being as they were before For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496  DISABILITY Disability is an integral part of human life. Disability is a condition that produces a long-term impairment that affects activities of daily living, such as eating, walking, and maintaining personal hygiene. Around 15% of the global population – over a billion people – lives with some form of disability Rights of Persons with Disabilities Disability may be Act 2016 (RPWD Act 2016) was  Congenital, or present from birth passed by Indian Parliament on 27th  Occurring during a person’s life time,  Invisible disability (not noticeable easily) December 2016. All persons with  temporary disability (recovery is possible). all types of disabilities must enjoy  These conditions, or impairments, may be cognitive, all human rights and fundamental developmental, intellectual, mental, physical, freedoms. sensory, or a combination of multiple factors. For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496 The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) lists nine broad domains of functioning which can be affected:  Learning and applying knowledge  General tasks and demands  Communication  Basic physical mobility, Domestic life, and Self-care (for example, activities of daily living)  Interpersonal interactions and relationships  Community, social and civic life, including employment  Other major life areas For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496  Types of Disability In 1995, Persons with Disability Act Prior to 1995, we were familiar came into force and term handicap with only four types of disabilities; was replaced with terms disability Orthopaedic Handicap, Visual and impairment. This act recognized Handicap, Hearing Handicap three more disabilities; Low Vision, and Mental Handicap. Leprosy Cured and Mental Illness. In the year 2016, a new Act was enforced -Right of Persons with Disability Act (RPwD Act). This act recognizes 21 disabilities. For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496  Nature of Disabilities Students with disabilities face various difficulties in aspects related to personal, academic and sports domains. Broadly these may be described into three major domains. These difficulties may be caused by: 1. Physical Disabilities 2. Intellectual Disabilities 3. Learning Disabilities For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496  Physical Disability A physical disability is the long-term loss or impairment of part of an individual’s body function, resulting in a limitation of physical functioning, mobility, dexterity or stamina. Due to the functional loss, the individual experiences inability to perform normal movements of the body, such as walking and mobility, sitting and standing, use of hands and arms, muscle control, etc. As there are different types of Physical Disabilities, Paralympics Committee divides athletes in groups by the degree of activity limitation related to the impairment and/or specific to the tasks in the sport For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496  1. Mobility and Physical Impairment or Locomotor Disabilities A person’s inability to execute distinctive activities associated with movement of self and objects resulting from affliction of musculoskeletal or nervous system or both including. For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496 2) Amputation It is the removal of a limb by trauma, medical illness, or surgery. The person whose limb has been amputated is called an amputee. For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496 3. Cerebral Palsy The word cerebral means having to do with the brain. The word palsy means weakness or problems with body movement. Cerebral Palsy (CP) is caused by damage to the parts of the brain that control movement, balance, and posture. Therefore, it refers to a group of non-progressive neurological conditions affecting body movements and muscle coordination, caused by damage to one or more specific areas of the brain, usually occurring before, during or shortly after birth For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496 4. Dwarfism It means a medical or genetic condition resulting in an adult height of 4 feet 10 inches (147 centimetres) or less. Dwarfism is a disorder characterised by shorter than normal skeletal growth. For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496 5. Muscular Dystrophy It means a group of hereditary genetic muscle diseases that weaken the muscles that move the human body. Persons with multiple dystrophy have incorrect and missing information in their genes, which prevents them from making the proteins they need for healthy muscles. It is characterised by progressive skeletal muscle weakness, defects in muscle proteins, and the death of muscle cells and tissue For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496 6. Visual impairment Visual impairment is often defined as a best corrected visual acuity of worse than either 20/40 or 20/60. The term blindness is used for complete or nearly complete vision loss. Visual impairment may cause difficulties with normal daily activities such as driving, reading, socializing, and walking. A significant limitation of visual capability resulting from either disease, trauma or congenital or degenerative condition that cannot be corrected by conventional means such as refractive correction, medication, or surgery. For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496 7. Hearing Impairment - Hearing impairment is the inability of an individual to hear sounds adequately. This may be due to improper development, damage or disease to any part of the hearing mechanism. Hearing is a prerequisite for the development of normal speech and language. A child learns to speak by hearing the speech of others in the family and in his/her surroundings. (a) Deaf- means persons having 70 DB hearing loss in speech frequencies in both ears; (b) Hard of hearing - means person having 60 DB to 70 DB hearing loss in speech frequencies in both ears For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496 8. Speech and language disability means a permanent disability arising out of conditions such as laryngectomy or aphasia affecting one or more components of speech and language due to organic or neurological causes For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496 9. Leprosy cured person means a person who has been cured of leprosy but is suffering from: A. loss of sensation in hands or feet as well as loss of sensation and paresis in the eye and eye- B. Manifest deformity and paresis but lid but with no manifest deformity; having sufficient mobility in their hands and feet to enable them to engage in normal economic activity For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496  Intellectual Disability Intellectual disability is a condition of significantly sub-average general intellectual functioning that impacts adaptive behaviours. Different domains of adaptive behaviour may be affected in this condition. These domains determine how well an individual copes with everyday tasks. i. Conceptual– Language, Reading, Writing, Math, Reasoning, Knowledge, Memory ii. Social- Empathy, Social judgement, Interpersonal communication skill, Make and retain friendships iii. Practical- Self-management, Personal care, Job responsibilities, Money management, Recreation, Organizing school and work tasks. 1. Down syndrome 2. Autism spectrum disorder 3. Mental illness For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496  Down Syndrome Down Syndrome is a condition which is considered as subtype of intellectual disability. Also known as trisomy 21, it is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21. It is usually associated with physical growth delays, mild to moderate intellectual disability, and characteristic facial features. For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496  The average IQ of a young adult with Down syndrome is 50, equivalent to the mental ability of an 8- or 9-yearold child, but this can vary widely. At birth, babies with Down Syndrome usually have certain characteristic signs, including Flat facial features, People with Down syndrome usually have some Small head and ears degree of developmental disability, but it’s often Short neck mild to moderate Bulging tongue  Impulsive behaviour Eyes that slant upward  poor judgment Atypically shaped ears  Short attention span Poor muscle tone  Slow learning capabilities For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496  AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD) Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an umbrella term for a group of developmental disorders that are neurological in origin and cause social, communication and behavioural challenges. Children with ASD may also have their sensory sensitivity affected i.e, they may be under or over sensitive to certain senses (For example, loud noises, etc). Symptoms are typically recognized between one and two years of age. Long term problems may include difficulties in performing daily tasks, creating and keeping relationships, and maintaining a job. For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496  Symptoms of ASD Symptoms of ASD include  Developmental delay in initial years.  Failure to show interest, not responding to name.  Delayed imaginative play  Regression in variety of domains such as communication, social cognitive and self - help skills For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496  Problems with Social Interaction  Largely prefer not to play or interact with others.  Display lack of awareness or understanding of other people’s thoughts or feelings.  Display attention seeking behaviour.  Maintain poor eye contact: when called by name.  Inability to read facial expressions: they often don’t know how to recognize emotions from others’ facial expressions, or they may not respond with the appropriate facial expressions.  Display unusual speech pattern; children with autism speak in a flat, monotone or they may not recognize the need to control the volume of their voice in different social settings. For example, they may speak loudly in libraries or movie theatres. For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496  Difficulty in Communication  Repetitive or rigid language, and restricted interests in conversation. (For example, a child might repeat words or insist on always talking about the same subject.)  Difficulty initiating a conversation or failure to consider the interests of the listener to sustain a conversation.  Language impairment. (Children may develop language skills at an uneven pace acquiring some aspects of communication, while never fully developing others, or may remain completely nonverbal throughout their lives.)  Behaviour Problems For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496  Difficulty in Communication (conti..)  Stereotyped behaviours such as rocking, hand flapping, finger flicking, head banging, or repeating phrases or sounds, especially when the child gets stressed, anxious or upset.  Resistance to change and preference for routines and rituals that they must follow, like eating certain foods in a specific order, or taking the same path to school every day.  Restricted interests and excessive interest in a thing or topic while ignoring everything else. (For example, children might try to learn everything about a single topic, such as the weather or sports, and talk about it constantly.)  Oversensitivity to loud sounds, bright lights, strong smells, or being touched For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496 Mental illness means a substantial disorder of thinking, mood, perception, orientation or memory that grossly impairs judgment, behaviour, capacity to recognise reality or ability to meet the ordinary demands of life, but does not include retardation which is a condition of arrested or incomplete development of mind of a person, specially characterised by sub-normality of intelligence For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496  Learning Disabilities Learning Disabilities or person with cognitive disabilities has trouble remembering, learning new things, concentrating, or making decisions that affect her/his everyday life. Cognitive disability ranges from mild to severe. A person with a mild cognitive disability people may be able to do her/his everyday activities. Severe levels of disability can lead to her/his losing the ability to understand the meaning or importance of something and the ability to talk or write, resulting in the inability to live independently. Some of the main categories of functional cognitive disabilities include the following difficulties. For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496 a) Memory- Memory refers to the ability of a user to recall what they have learned over time. A common model for explaining memory involves the concepts of working (i.e., immediate) memory, short-term memory, and long- term memory. Some individuals with cognitive disabilities have difficulties with one, two, or all three of these memory types. b). Problem Solving- Some individuals with cognitive disabilities have a difficult time solving problems as they arise. In many instances, their resilience can be low, and the resulting frustration is such that they choose to give up and not persist in solving the problem. For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496 C. Attention- There are many individuals who have difficulty with focusing their attention to the task at hand. Distractions such as any specific sound, colour, design frequently shift the attention. On a positive note, some people with attention deficits are highly creative and very productive in short bursts, with an abundance of energy and enthusiasm. On a less positive note, it can be difficult for people with ADHD to stick to a task for a long period of time. For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496 D. Reading, Linguistic, Verbal and Writing Comprehension– Difficulties related to reading, speaking, understanding and writing are another challenge. Reading disorder, also known as Dyslexia, is characterized by trouble with reading despite normal intelligence. These difficulties may be mild or severe. Problems may include difficulties in spelling words, reading quickly, writing words, “sounding out” words in the head, pronouncing words when reading aloud and understanding what one reads. In fact, many of the brightest minds of recent generations such as Albert Einstein, Thomas Edison and Henry Ford have suffered from some sort of language or text comprehension difficulty For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496  Causes of Disabilities and Disorder Pre-natal causes involve events, accidents, illness, infection to mother during pregnancy that affect the baby. Conditions like high blood pressure or diabetes of the mother during pregnancy can cause Causes of disabilities can disability in the child. be broadly classified into three categories; 1. Pre-natal causes Perinatal causes are the conditions occurring during the 2. Perinatal causes delivery of the child that affect the new-born. Delayed 3. post-natal causes. labour pain, low birth weight or neonatal infections may cause a disability. Post-natal causes include post birth conditions like, illness, infection, poor environment, accidents, psychological factors etc For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496  Causes of Disabilities and Disorder The causes may be further sub-divided as 1. Biological Causes – Some disabilities are due to the disorder of genes, infectious disease disturbance in glands functioning, illness. Down syndrome, Muscular dystrophy, polio, Developmental disorders are example of various biological issues. 2. Psychological Causes – Mental health problems such as depression, bipolar disorder may lead to a spectrum of mental disorders or conditions that influence our emotions, cognitions, and/or behaviours For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496 3. Delay in Early Screening and Poor management of Disability - How a child plays, learns, speaks, moves, and behaves all offer important clues about a child’s development. A delay in any of these developmental milestones could be a sign of developmental challenges. 4. Lifestyle – The mother’s lifestyle during pregnancy has a vital effect on the child’s growth and development. If a mother smokes during pregnancy, it has an adverse effect on fetal growth and development. Intake of alcohol and indulgence in substance abuse during pregnancy are the most common causes of developmental disabilities, including cognitive disability, learning disabilities, ADHD and behavioural challenges. For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496 5. Accidents and War – One can be the victim of an accident at the workplace, road accident, chemical accident, nuclear accident, or get exposed to radiation etc. This may lead to disability. Dangerous working environment and poor safety precautions are the conditions where one may get disabilities in the long run. 6. Poor Approach to Healthcare – Many disabilities can be prevented easily if there is proper access to healthcare facilities during difficult labour and birth. Proper immunization also helps in preventing many disabilities. For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496  7. Lack of Education and Awareness – Lack of awareness about certain precautions during or post pregnancy may lead to disability. Awareness about nutrition and exercise helps to prevent disabilities or disorders. Due to lack of awareness people start believing in many kind of superstitions and get misguided. 8. Exposure to Chemicals – Pesticides and insecticides and other harmful chemicals if mixed in edible items and may give rise to disabilities in people and birth defects in babies. These substances may cause disorder in the functioning of the human body system and may lead to disabilities 9. Illness – Illnesses like cancer, diabetes, heart disease cause a number of long term disabilities such as arthritis, musculoskeletal disorder etc are a significant cause of disability For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496  Disability Etiquette Disability Etiquette is a set of guidelines dealing specifically with how to approach a person with a disability. Disability etiquette refers to communicating and interacting respectfully and courteously with people who have disabilities. Positive and Energetic Attitude – One should approach a person with special needs with positive energy and attitude. Approach should be warm and friendly. One should not show sympathy for, or, even in certain cases, fear of the person. For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496  MEANING OF ADAPTIVE PHYSICAL EDUCATION It is done for students with special needs so they can also enjoy the experience of sports and recreation. Students who are differently abled and require special service to be able to observe and realize their maximum potential. Adaptive Physical Education is a Adapted Physical Education (APE) generally modified program of games, sports refers to school-based Programmes for students and other development activities that aged 3–21 years. is suites to the interest, capacities and limitations of student with disabilities For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496  Aim of Adapted Physical Education The chief aim of Adapted Physical Education (APE) is to provide every individual an opportunity to participate in Physical Education and sports and to make Physical Education accessible to all as per their need. For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496  OBJECTIVES OF ADAPTIVE PHYSICAL EDUCATION Ensure services to meet special needs Develop motor skills Enhance self-esteem and self-image Participation of students in physical education programs Improve physical fitness Motivate students to protect themselves Promote sportsmanship qualities Develop knowledge of good mechanics Improve social adjustment For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496 1. COUNSELOR 2. OCCUPATIONAL THERAPIST 3. PHYSIOTHERAPIST 4. PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHER 5. SPEECH THERAPIST & SPECIAL EDUCATOR For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496  SCHOOL COUNSELOR A school counselor is a member of the education team who provide valuable assistance to students with special needs. Carries out development programs related to stress management, anger management, conflict management and positive thinking. He also helps them with their academic goals, their social, personal and career development. For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496  OCCUPATIONAL THERAPIST This can help children to learn, to grasp and Helps children with special needs in performing release toys and other objects. self-care skills like eating, bathing and grooming, that is, activities related to motor skills. He also work on hand-eye coordination to improve skills. He also helps children in participating and interacting with others in play. He helps children in adapting to regular school. Aids for writing and other classroom activities to help them to participate equally with other children. He also helps in improving motor skills and handwriting. For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496  PHYSIOTHERAPIST Concerned with gross motor skills and mobility of the children with special needs. Role of physiotherapist is to assess and manage children and young persons with movement disorders, disability. Aim is to help the children with special needs to their full potential through providing physical intervention, advise and support. A physiotherapist concentrates, in particular, on problem that affect muscles, bones, circulation of blood and lungs. He evaluates movement and function of the body of children with special needs with particular attention to physical mobility, balance posture, fatigue and pain. He also use a range of techniques including massage manipulation, exercise and movement, electrotherapy and hydrotherapy. For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496  PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHER Provide physical activities to reducing Need to determine the abilities of students with anxiety, stress, tension and depression. special needs. Help in developing a sense of self-esteem, Need to determine measures to be implemented to which can be important as student with special support their participation in sports and fitness. needs may often feel isolated and removed from the group. Help student with special needs to improve physical fitness. Help in Improving eye-hand coordination, flexibility, muscular strength, endurance and even cardiovascular efficiency. For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496  SPEECH THERAPIST A Speech Therapist in school provides treatment, support and care for students with special needs who have difficulties in communication. Help to gain ability to communicate through speech and language. Help such students who have fluency disorder like stoppages, repetitions or prolonging sounds in words. For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496  SPECIAL EDUCATOR A special educator or education teacher often help has students with varying learning, mental, physical and emotional abilities. They may assist in the areas of physical skills, learning through play, communication, improving social and emotional skills. special educators main responsibility is to assess their students cognitive abilities. They also create and apply curricula and activities to meet the requirements of students with special needs. For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496  Thank you…. For more Details : [email protected] +974 30336496 For More details : [email protected] / +974 30336496