Cavity Classification and Nomenclature PDF

ILOS 1. CAVITY CLASSIFICATIONS. 2. TERMINOLOGY AND NOMENCLATURE FOR CAVITY PREPARATION. CAVITY A CAVITY IS A DEFECT IN THE HARD TOOTH STRUCTURE RESULTING FROM AN INSULT TO THE DENTAL TISSUES. ADVERSE EFFECTS OF CAVITATION 1. IRRITATION TO THE PULP DENTIN ORGAN AND THE PERIODONTIUM 2. INCREA...

ILOS 1. CAVITY CLASSIFICATIONS. 2. TERMINOLOGY AND NOMENCLATURE FOR CAVITY PREPARATION. CAVITY A CAVITY IS A DEFECT IN THE HARD TOOTH STRUCTURE RESULTING FROM AN INSULT TO THE DENTAL TISSUES. ADVERSE EFFECTS OF CAVITATION 1. IRRITATION TO THE PULP DENTIN ORGAN AND THE PERIODONTIUM 2. INCREASED FOOD STAGNATION AND PLAQUE RETENTION 3. INCREASED VULNERABILITY TO FRACTURE OF THE REMAINING TOOTH STRUCTURE 4. DISTURBANCE OF THE OCCLUSION , CONTACT OR CONTOUR 5. IMPAIRMENT OF THE ESTHETIC APPEARANCE CAVITY PREPARATION IT IS THE SURGICAL PROCEDURES FOLLOWED TO: ELIMINATE THE LESION IN THE HARD TOOTH STRUCTURE. PREVENT SPREAD OF INFECTION. ESTABLISH COMPATIBLE FOUNDATION FOR THE RESTORATION. AIM OF CAVITY PREPARATION THE CAVITY PREPARATION SHOULD BE GIVEN A FORM THAT WILL PROVIDE PROPER RETENTION FOR THE RESTORATIVE MATERIAL ADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO FRACTURE DURING FUNCTION IMMUNITY FROM RECURRENCE OF CARIES AT THE MARGINS OF RESTORATION PROTECTION FOR VITAL PULP CLASSIFICATION OF CAVITIES  cavities Mount’s Anatomical Black’s Numerical (Si/Sta)  1. ANATOMICAL CLASSIFICATION CONSIDERING THE AREAS OF LIABILITY TO DENTAL CARIES, CAVITIES CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO: A. PITS AND FISSURES CAVITIES B. SMOOTH SURFACE CAVITIES 2. BLACK’S CLASSIFICATION THE CLASSIFICATION DEVISED BY G.V. BLACK BASED UPON THE SITE OF ONSET OF THE CARIOUS PROCESS. IT IS MOST WIDELY ADOPTED. CLASS I CAVITIES CAVITIES ORIGINATING IN ANATOMICAL PITS AND FISSURES. 1. OCCLUSAL SURFACE OF MOLARS AND PREMOLARS 2. OCCLUSAL TWO-THIRD OF THE BUCCAL SURFACE OF LOWER MOLARS (BUCCAL PIT) 3. OCCLUSAL TWO-THIRD OF THE PALATAL SURFACE OF UPPER MOLARS (PALATAL PIT) 4. THE PALATAL SURFACES OF UPPER ANTERIOR TEETH (PALATAL PIT) (LATERAL INCISORS>CENTRAL INCISORS> CANINE) CLASS II CAVITIES SMOOTH SURFACE LESIONS IN THE PROXIMAL SURFACES OF POSTERIOR TEETH CLASS III CAVITIES SMOOTH SURFACE CAVITIES PROXIMAL SURFACES OF ANTERIOR TEETH DO NOT INCLUDE THE INCISAL ANGLE CLASS IV CAVITIES SMOOTH SURFACE CAVITIES PROXIMAL SURFACES OF ANTERIOR TEETH THE INCISAL ANGLE IS INVOLVED CLASS V CAVITIES SMOOTH SURFACE CAVITIES THE GINGIVAL THIRD OF THE BUCCAL AND LINGUAL SURFACES OF ALL TEETH EXCLUDING CAVITIES OCCURRING IN ANATOMICAL PITS IN THE PALATAL SURFACES OF UPPER INCISORS CLASS VI THIS IS AN ADDITIONAL CLASS INCISAL EDGE OF ANTERIOR TEETH OCCLUSAL CUSP HEIGHTS TIPS OF POSTERIOR TEETH 3. NUMERICAL CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO THE NUMBER OF SURFACES INVOLVED  Numerical Simple compound complex Two More than One surface surfaces two surfaces CLASS I, II AND III …………… SIMPLE , COMPOUND OR COMPLEX CLASS V…………………… ALWAYS SIMPLE CLASS IV…………………. ALWAYS COMPLEX  ABBREVIATED DESCRIPTIONS OF TOOTH PREPARATIONS AN OCCLUSAL TOOTH PREPARATION …………………..(O) A PREPARATION INVOLVING THE MESIAL AND OCCLUSAL SURFACES …………….(MO) A PREPARATION INVOLVING THE MESIAL , OCCLUSAL AND DISTAL SURFACES …………..(MOD)  4. MOUNT’S CLASSIFICATION (SI/STA) PROPOSED BY MOUNT & HUME, IN 1997 BASED ON THE NEW CONCEPT OF MINIMAL INTERVENTION. SITE/STAGE THE SITES INVOLVED ARE: SITE 1: PITS AND FISSURES ON THE OCCLUSAL SURFACES OF POSTERIOR TEETH AND OTHER DEFECTS ON OTHERWISE SMOOTH ENAMEL SURFACES SITE 2: PROXIMAL SURFACE OF ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR TEETH. SITE 3: CERVICAL ONE THIRD OF TEETH INCLUDING EXPOSED ROOT SURFACES THE SIZE OR STAGE INCLUDE  SIZE 0: INITIAL LESION AT ANY SITE CAN BE IDENTIFIED BUT NOT YET RESULTED IN SURFACE CAVITATION. IT CAN POSSIBLY BE HEALED SIZE 1: SMALLEST MINIMAL LESION REQUIRING OPERATIVE INTERVENTION. THE CAVITY IS INTO DENTIN JUST BEYOND HEALING THROUGH REMINERALIZATION SIZE 2: MODERATE SIZED CAVITY ; THERE IS STILL SUFFICIENT SOUND TOOTH STRUCTURE TO MAINTAIN THE INTEGRITY OF THE REMAINING CROWN SIZE 3: THE CAVITY NEEDS TO BE MODIFIED AND ENLARGED TO PROVIDE SOME PROTECTION FOR THE REMAINING TOOTH TISSUES FROM THE OCCLUSAL LOAD. THERE IS ALREADY A SPLIT AT THE BASE OF THE CUSP , OR IF NOT PROTECTED A SPLIT WILL LIKELY DEVELOP SIZE 4 : THE CAVITY IS NOW EXTENSIVE , FOLLOWING THE LOSS OF CUSP FROM A POSTERIOR TEETH OR AN INCISAL EDGE FROM AN ANTERIOR  NUMERICAL CONFIGURATION OF THE SITE/STAGE (SI/STA) CLASSIFICATION CAVITY PREPARATION AND NOMENCLATURE  THE ENAMEL WALL: IT IS THAT PORTION OF A PREPARED CAVITY , WHICH CONSIST OF ENAMEL. IT INCLUDES THE THICKNESS OF THE ENAMEL FROM THE DENTINO-ENAMEL JUNCTION TO THE CAVO-SURFACE ANGLE The dentin wall : It is that portion of the wall of a prepared cavity, which consist of dentin THE DENTINO-ENAMEL JUNCTION (DEJ): IS THE LINE OF JUNCTION OF DENTIN AND ENAMEL. IT USUALLY APPEARS IN THE INTERNAL WALLS OF THE PREPARED CAVITIES THE CEMENTO-ENAMEL JUNCTION: THE JUNCTION OF THE ENAMEL AND CEMENTUM. IT ALSO IS REFERRED TO AS THE CERVICAL LINE INTERNAL WALL: WALL IN THE PREPARATION NOT EXTENDING TO THE EXTERNAL TOOTH SURFACE External wall: Wall in the preparation extending to the external tooth surface It takes the name of the tooth surface towards which it is suited FLOOR: IS A PREPARED WALL WHICH IS USUALLY FLAT AND PERPENDICULAR TO THE OCCLUSAL FORCES DIRECTED OCCLUSO-GINGIVALLY (PULPAL, GINGIVAL) THE ISTHMUS PORTION: IT IS THE JUNCTION BETWEEN TWO PORTIONS OF A COMPOUND OR COMPLEX CAVITY PREPARATION E.G. JUNCTION BETWEEN OCCLUSAL AND PROXIMAL PORTIONS IN CLASS II CAVO-SURFACE ANGLE (CSA) IT IS THE ANGLE FORMED BY THE JUNCTION OF THE WALL OF THE CAVITY PREPARATION WITH THE EXTERNAL SURFACE OF THE TOOTH CAVO-SURFACE MARGIN (CSM) THE ACTUAL JUNCTION IS CALLED THE CAVO-SURFACE MARGIN. THE CAVO-SURFACE MARGIN OF A CAVITY IS USUALLY IN ENAMEL. IN CAVITIES FOUND IN THE ROOT OF TEETH, THE CAVO-SURFACE MARGIN WILL BE CEMENTUM WALLS AND ANGLES OF THE CAVITY PREPARATION  ‘ STUDENTS SHOULD NOT BURDEN THEMSELVES WITH MEMORIZING THESE ILLUSTRATIONS OR LISTS, FOR IF THEY KNOW THE RULES AND THEIR APPLICATION THEY CAN MAKE COMPLETE LISTS AT ANY TIME”  RULE I: THE SURROUNDING WALLS OF A PREPARED CAVITY TAKE THE NAME OF THE TOOTH SURFACE THAT THE WALL IS TOWARD  RULE II: THE WALL OF A PREPARED CAVITY, WHICH IS OCCLUSAL OF THE PULP , AND IN A PLANE AT RIGHT ANGLE TO THE LONG AXIS OF THE TOOTH, IS CALLED THE PULPAL FLOOR  RULE III: THE WALL OF THE PREPARED CAVITY IN AN AXIAL PLANE (PARALLEL TO THE LONG AXIS OF THE TOOTH) AND APPROXIMATES THE PULP , IS CALLED THE AXIAL WALL.  RULE IV: ALL LINE ANGLES ARE FORMED BY THE JUNCTION OF TWO WALLS ALONG A LINE, AND ARE NAMED BY COMBINING THE NAMES OF THE WALLS JOINING TO FORM THE LINE ANGLE RULE V: ALL POINT ANGLES ARE FORMED BY THE JUNCTION OF THREE WALLS AT A POINT, AND ARE NAMED BY JOINING THE NAMES OF THE WALLS FORMING THE POINT ANGLE.