Cardiovascular System for Students PDF

Circulatory System  COMPONENTS: 🠶Also known as Cardiovascular System 🠶Main Function: for the transport of materials throughout the body. Where are blood cells produced? Bone marrow  TRIVIA: Not every animal has red blood. Spiders, lobsters and snails h...

Circulatory System  COMPONENTS: 🠶Also known as Cardiovascular System 🠶Main Function: for the transport of materials throughout the body. Where are blood cells produced? Bone marrow  TRIVIA: Not every animal has red blood. Spiders, lobsters and snails have blue blood due to the presence of the protein haemocyanin which contains copper. Nearly 7% of the body weight of a human is made up of blood. The average volume of blood present in an adult male body is 5.6 liters while an adult female body contains 4.5 liters of blood on an average.  DID YOU KNOW? The only place where blood cannot be found in human body is the cornea (eye) because cornea is capable of directly extracting oxygen from air.  Plasma It also contains other substances like; carbon dioxide A glucose straw-coloured liquid that amino acids carries the cells proteins and the platelets which minerals help blood clot. vitamins hormones waste materials like urea.  Red Blood Cells contain hemoglobin, a molecule a biconcave disc that is round specially designed to hold and flat without a nucleus oxygen and carry it to cells that need it. can change shape to an amazing extent, without breaking, as it squeezes single file through the capillaries. RED BLOOD CELL (ERYTHROCYTES) Why are red blood cells enucleated? Losing the nucleus enables the red blood cell to contain more oxygen-carrying hemoglobin, thus enabling more oxygen to be transported in the blood and boosting our metabolism.  White Blood Cells there are many different types and all contain a big nucleus. the two main ones are the lymphocytes and the macrophages. macrophages ‘eat’ and digest micro-organisms. some lymphocytes fight disease by making antibodies to destroy invaders by dissolving them. other lymphocytes make antitoxins to break down poisons. WHITE BLOOD CELLS WHITE BLOOD CELLS PLATELET (THROMBOCYTE)  Platelets Platelets, or thrombocytes, are small, colorless cell fragments in our blood that form clots and stop or prevent bleeding.  Platelets Platelets are fragments of cells in bone marrow Platelets produce tiny fibrinogen fibers to form a net. This net traps other blood cells to form a blood clot.  RED BLOOD CELLS WHITE BLOOD CELLS PLATELETS  RECEIVER D A B AB O O A ☺ ☹ ☺ ☹ N B ☹ ☺ ☺ ☹ O AB ☹ ☹ ☺ ☹ R O ☺ ☺ ☺ ☺ BLOOD TYPE ANTIGEN ANTIBODY PRESENT PRESENT A Antigen A Anti-B B Antigen B Anti-A AB Antigen A and B none O none Anti A and B  BLOOD PLASMA WHOLE BLOOD HEART What is the main function of the Heart?  Heart The heart is a muscular organ about the size of a fist, located just behind and slightly left of the breastbone. The heart pumps blood through the network of arteries and veins called the cardiovascular system.  Chambers of the Heart 1. Atrium (Right and Left) - Separated by Interatrial Septum 2. Ventricle (Right and Left) - Separated by Interventricular Septum What are heart valves for? The valves prevent the backward flow of blood. These valves are actual flaps that are located on each end of the two ventricles (lower chambers of the heart). They act as one-way inlets of blood on one side of a ventricle and one-way outlets of blood on the other side of a ventricle. How many valves are there in a human heart? 4 heart valves  HEART VALVES tricuspid valve: located between the right atrium and the right ventricle pulmonary valve: located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery mitral valve: located between the left atrium and the left ventricle aortic valve: located between the left ventricle and the aorta VIDEO:  Essential Questions: 1.What is the function of Pulmonary Artery and Pulmonary Vein? 2.Differentiate Pulmonary and Systemic Circulation. 3.How does blood circulate around your body? (Trace the pathway of blood in your body-Organ: Legs) How does the heart beat?  SA and AV node Cardiac Conduction System-Electrical pulses in the heart are controlled by special groups of cells called nodes. Sinoatrial node- The SA (sinoatrial) node generates an electrical signal that causes the upper heart chambers (atria) to contract. Atrioventricular node-The signal then passes through the AV (atrioventricular) node to the lower heart chambers (ventricles), causing them to contract, or pump.  Sinoatrial Node Atrioventricular Node BLOOD VESSELS ARTERY, VEIN, AND CAPILLARY 🠶Blood vessels -tubes in the body that transport blood throughout the body. 🠶Types: 1. Arteries 2. Veins 3. Capillaries (Smallest)  What is the difference between Arteries and Veins?  ARTERY Blood Vessels Sizes Movements and Functions Large Medium Small Aorta Artery Arterioles - Moves blood away from the It is the It heart. largest connects - It generally carries oxygenated artery that with blood from the heart going to can be found capillaries the target organs or tissues in the heart except pulmonary artery since Artery it carries deoxygenated blood from the organs via heart and this blood will be oxygenated in the alveoli of the lungs. Structures of Artery 1. Rich in elastic fibers 2. Layers: Tunica adventitia, Tunica media and Tunica intima 3. Located deeply along tissues. BLOOD VESSEL Blood Sizes Movements and Functions Vessels Large Medium Small Vena Cava Vein Venules - Moves towards the heart. - It generally carries Pre-cava deoxygenated blood from (Anterior vein the tissues/organs back to or Superior the heart. Except for vena cava) pulmonary veins since it Post-cava carries oxygenated blood Vein (Posterior cava from the lungs going back or Inferior vena to the heart and will be cava) delivered oxygenated blood throughout the body. Structures of Veins 1.Less elastic fibers, thin muscular 2.It has valves since organs do not have pumping capacity; valves prevent the backflow of the blood. 3.It is found superficially found in tissue (above) BLOOD VESSEL MODIFIED BLOOD VESSELS 1. Pulmonary Arteries – Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart going to lungs 2. Pulmonary Veins – Carries oxygenated blood from lungs going back to heart.  CAPILLARIES Capillaries are delicate blood vessels that exist throughout your body. They transport blood, nutrients and oxygen to cells in your organs and body systems. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in your vascular system. 🠶Blood vessels (SUMMARY) 🠶Types: 1. Arteries- transports blood AWAY from the heart. 2. Veins-transports blood TOWARDS the heart. 3. Capillaries (Smallest)  Types of Circulation 1. Pulmonary Circulation 2. Systemic Circulation  Thanks! Do you have any questions? CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik