Cardiovascular System PDF

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM The living pump which is the The alleys and highways which The fluid of life which is the blood heart...

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM The living pump which is the The alleys and highways which The fluid of life which is the blood heart are blood vessels Cardiovascular System  As simply stated, the major function of the circulatory system is transportation  The force to move the blood around the body is provided by the beating heart and by blood pressure The Heart  The heart is the muscular organ that pumps blood to the different parts of the body  A sac known as pericardium encloses the heart Chambers of the Heart  The interior of the heart is divided into four chambers, namely: a. Right Atrium b. Left Atrium c. Right Ventricle d. Left Ventricle Valves of the Heart  Valves are flaps of muscles that prevent blood from back flowing a. Pulmonary Valve b. Tricuspid Valve c. Mitral Valve d. Aortic Valve Blood Vessels  Blood vessels are channels that carry blood throughout your body Types of Blood Vessels 1. Arteries convey blood away from the heart  Arteries are elastic blood vessels  Arterial walls consist of three layers: tunica externa, tunica media, and tunica intima 2. Veins convey blood coming from all parts of the body toward the heart  The vein is also composed of the three layers of tissues, however, it has thinner tunica media 3. Capillaries are the smallest and the most numerous blood vessels  Main function is the exchange of materials between the blood and tissue cells Pulmonary Circulation  In this circuit, blood coming from all parts of the body is oxygenated Systemic Circulation  In this circuit, oxygen-rich blood from the lungs will be distributed to the different parts of the body The Blood and Blood Clotting Process The Blood  The blood comprises 8% of the human body weight  Blood has two components: the plasma and the formed elements (also called corpuscles) that are suspended in the plasma The Plasma  The liquid portion of the blood  Consist of about 92% water, 8% blood proteins, and trace amounts of inorganic materials The Corpuscles  Comprise 45% of the blood by weight  There are three formed elements: erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes  Synthesized in the red bone marrow of flat and long bones  Red Blood Cells White Blood Cells Platelets Blood Clotting Process  An adaptation that stops the bleeding process due to an injury  In the absence of the blood clotting process, bleeding continues and it can cause the loss of life Cardiovascular System Diseases High Blood Pressure  Blood Pressure is the measurement of how much force is used to pump blood through your arteries Coronary Artery Disease  CAD indicates that the plaque build up in your arteries has caused the arteries to narrow and harden. Blood clots can further block the arteries Heart Attack  A heart attack occurs when not enough blood reaches your heart. This can happen due to artery blockage. Heart attack damage the heart muscles and are medical emergencies Heart Failure  Sometimes called congestive heart failure, heart failure occurs when the heart muscle is weakened or damaged Stroke  Strokes often occur when a blood clot blocks an artery in the brain and reduces the blood supply. They also can happen when a blood vessel in the brain breaks open Abdominal Aortic Aneurism  An abdominal aortic aneurism is a bulge in a weakened part of the aorta. If the aorta ruptures, it can cause heavy bleeding that is life-threatening Preventing Heart Disease Secondary Prevention  These efforts are started after someone has a heart attack or stroke, or develops some other form of heart disease Primary Prevention  Aims to keep an individual at risk of heart disease from having a first heart attack or stroke, or developing some other form of heart disease Primordial Prevention  The word “primordial” means existing from the beginning. This involves working to prevent risk factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, excess weight, and ultimately cardiovascular events How to Prevent? 1. Not smoking One of the best things you can do for your health is not to use tobacco in any form. Tobacco use is a hard-to-break habit that can slow you down, make you sick, and shorten your life 2. Maintain a Healthy Weight Weight and height go hand-in-hand. The taller you are, the more you weigh 3. Exercise Getting regular physical activity lowers the risk of heart disease, diabetes, stroke, high blood pressure, and osteoporosis, and can also help control stress, improve sleep, and boost mood 4. Follow a healthy diet The best diet for preventing heart disease is one that is full of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, fish, and poultry; and goes easy on red and processed meat, foods with added sugar and sodium 5. Improving sleep health Sleeping for too short or too long is associated with heart disease and can negatively affect other heart-related risk factors like dietary intake, exercise, weight, and blood pressure “Take care of your body. It’s the only place you have to live” -Jim Rohn