Cardiovascular System PDF

# (I)The anatomy of Circulatory System - **Purpose:** to deliver oxygenated blood to the various cells and organ systems in the body, so they undergo cellular respiration - **Cell Type:** cardiac Muscle of heart - smooth muscle for vessels ## Major Organs and their Functions: - **Heart:** the maj...

# (I)The anatomy of Circulatory System - **Purpose:** to deliver oxygenated blood to the various cells and organ systems in the body, so they undergo cellular respiration - **Cell Type:** cardiac Muscle of heart - smooth muscle for vessels ## Major Organs and their Functions: - **Heart:** the major muscle of the circulatory system, pumps deoxygenated blood into the lungs, where it gets oxygenated blood, returned to the heart, and then pumped out through the aorta to the rest of the body. - **Valve:** regulate the flow of blood between the chambers. *The heart and circulatory system make up your cardiovascular system.* *Heart works as a pump that pushes blood to the organs, tissues, and cells.* *Blood delivers oxygen and nutrients to every cell and removes carbon dioxide and waste products.* *Blood is carries from heart to the rest of the body through a complex network of arteries, arterioles, and capillaries.* *Blood is returned to the heart through veins and venules.* *The one way circulatory system Carries blood to all part of body. This process is called (systemic circulation).* *Arteries carry oxygen rich blood away from heart, and vines carry oxygen poor blood back to the heart.* *In pulmonary circulation though, the roles are switched. It is the pulmonary artery that brings oxygen poor blood into lungs and the pulmonary vein that brings oxygen rich blood back to the heart.* ## Heart anatomy - The heart weighs between (200_450 grams) and is a little larger than the size of fist. - The heart is located between the lungs in the middle of the chest. Behind and slightly to the left of the breastbone (sternum) - A double layered membrane called the pericardium, surrounds the heart like a sac - The heart has 4 chambers: - The upper chambers are called the left and right atria. - The lower chambers are called the left and right ventricles - In the wall there is septum separates the left and right atria, and the left and right ventricles. ## The heart valves: Four types of valves regulate blood flow through the heart: 1. The tricuspid valve: regulates blood flow between the right atrium and the right ventricle. 2. The pulmonary valve: control the blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary arteries which carry blood to the lung. 3. The mitral valve lets oxygen rich blood from the lungs, pass from the left atrium into the left ventricle. 4. The aortic valve opens the way for oxygen rich blood to pass from the left ventricle into the aorta, which is largest artery in the body, where it is delivered to the rest of the body. ## The coronary arteries - The aorta : (the main blood supplier to the body) branches of into two main coronary arteries - the right coronary artery. - the left coronary artery. - These coronary arteries branch off into smaller arteries which supply oxygen rich blood to the entire heart muscle. - The right coronary artery supplies the blood mainly to the right side of the heart, the right side of the heart is smaller because it pumps blood only to the lungs. - The left coronary artery, which branches into the left anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery, supplies the left side of the heart is larger and more muscular because it pumps blood to the rest of the body. ## Vascular system (the blood vessels) - Arteries, veins, capillaries comprise the vascular system - Arteries and veins runs parallel throughout the body with web like network of capillaries connecting them. - Arteries use vessel size controlled by the sympathetic nervous system, to move blood by pressure. - Veins use one way valves controlled by muscle contractions. ## Organ system Interactions - With lungs - exchange O2 & CO2. - With digestive system - pick up nutrients for transport throughout the body. - With excretory - blood is filtered to remove toxins and some water. - Nervous system - heart-beat regulation & blood pressure.