Circulatory System Anatomy Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of the circulatory system?

The circulatory system delivers oxygenated blood to the various cells and organ systems in the body, so they can undergo cellular respiration.

What type of muscle makes up the heart?

Cardiac muscle

What is the function of the heart in the circulatory system?

The heart pumps deoxygenated blood into the lungs, where it gets oxygenated blood, returned to the heart, and then pumped out through the aorta to the rest of the body.

What is the function of the valves in the heart?

<p>Valves regulate the flow of blood between the chambers.</p>
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The cardiovascular system is made up of the heart and the circulatory system.

<p>True (A)</p>
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What is the function of the heart as a pump?

<p>The heart pushes blood to the organs, tissues, and cells.</p>
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What does blood deliver to the cells in the body?

<p>Oxygen and nutrients</p>
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What does blood remove from the cells in the body?

<p>Carbon dioxide and waste products</p>
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How does blood travel from the heart to the rest of the body?

<p>Blood travels from the heart to the rest of the body through a complex network of arteries, arterioles, and capillaries.</p>
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How does blood return to the heart?

<p>Blood returns to the heart through veins and venules.</p>
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The circulatory system is a one-way system.

<p>False (B)</p>
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What is the process of blood flow throughout the body called?

<p>Systemic circulation</p>
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What type of blood do arteries carry?

<p>Oxygen-rich blood</p>
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What type of blood do veins carry?

<p>Oxygen-poor blood</p>
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In pulmonary circulation, what carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs?

<p>Pulmonary artery</p>
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In pulmonary circulation, what carries oxygen-rich blood back to the heart?

<p>Pulmonary vein</p>
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The heart weighs between ______ grams and is a little larger than the size of a fist.

<p>200 and 450</p>
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Where is the heart located in the body?

<p>The heart is located between the lungs in the middle of the chest, behind and slightly to the left of the breastbone (sternum).</p>
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What is the double-layered membrane that surrounds the heart called?

<p>Pericardium</p>
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How many chambers does the heart have?

<p>Four</p>
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What are the upper chambers of the heart called?

<p>Left and right atria</p>
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What are the lower chambers of the heart called?

<p>Left and right ventricles</p>
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What separates the left and right atria and the left and right ventricles?

<p>Septum</p>
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What is the function of the tricuspid valve?

<p>The tricuspid valve regulates blood flow between the right atrium and the right ventricle.</p>
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What does the pulmonary valve control?

<p>The pulmonary valve controls the blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary arteries, which carry blood to the lung.</p>
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What does the mitral valve do?

<p>The mitral valve lets oxygen-rich blood from the lungs pass from the left atrium into the left ventricle.</p>
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What does the aortic valve open the way for?

<p>The aortic valve opens the way for oxygen-rich blood to pass from the left ventricle into the aorta, which is the largest artery in the body.</p>
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Where does the aorta branch into?

<p>The aorta branches into two main coronary arteries: the right coronary artery and the left coronary artery.</p>
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What do coronary arteries supply blood to?

<p>These coronary arteries branch off into smaller arteries which supply oxygen-rich blood to the entire heart muscle.</p>
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What part of the heart does the right coronary artery mainly supply blood to?

<p>The right coronary artery supplies the blood mainly to the right side of the heart.</p>
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Why is the right side of the heart smaller?

<p>The right side of the heart is smaller because it pumps blood only to the lungs.</p>
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What part of the heart does the left coronary artery supply blood to?

<p>The left coronary artery supplies the left side of the heart.</p>
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Why is the left side of the heart larger and more muscular?

<p>The left side of the heart is larger and more muscular because it pumps blood to the rest of the body.</p>
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What three components make up the vascular system?

<p>The vascular system is made up of arteries, veins, and capillaries.</p>
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How are arteries and veins arranged in the body?

<p>Arteries and veins run parallel throughout the body with a web-like network of capillaries connecting them.</p>
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How do arteries control blood flow?

<p>Arteries use vessel size, controlled by the sympathetic nervous system, to move blood by pressure.</p>
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How do veins control blood flow?

<p>Veins use one-way valves controlled by muscle contractions.</p>
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What does the circulatory system exchange with the lungs?

<p>The circulatory system exchanges oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) with the lungs.</p>
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What does the circulatory system pick up from the digestive system?

<p>The circulatory system picks up nutrients from the digestive system for transport throughout the body.</p>
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What does the circulatory system do with the excretory system?

<p>Blood is filtered by the excretory system to remove toxins and some water.</p>
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What are the two functions of the nervous system in relation to the circulatory system?

<p>The nervous system regulates heart-beat regulation and blood pressure.</p>
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Flashcards

Circulatory System Purpose

The circulatory system delivers oxygenated blood to all body cells and organs for cellular respiration.

Heart Function

The heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation and then pumps the oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.

Heart Chambers

The heart has four chambers: two atria (upper) and two ventricles (lower).

Heart Valves Function

Heart valves regulate the flow of blood through the chambers, ensuring one-way flow.

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Tricuspid Valve

Valve between the right atrium and right ventricle.

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Pulmonary Valve

Valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary arteries.

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Mitral Valve

Valve between the left atrium and left ventricle.

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Aortic Valve

Valve between the left ventricle and the aorta.

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Coronary Arteries

Blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.

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Vascular System Components

The vascular system comprises arteries, veins, and capillaries.

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Artery Function

Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart.

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Vein Function

Veins carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart.

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Capillary Function

Capillaries connect arteries and veins, enabling the exchange of substances between blood and tissues.

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Systemic Circulation

The circulation of blood throughout the body, carrying oxygen and nutrients.

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Pulmonary Circulation

The circulation of blood between the heart and the lungs, where gas exchange occurs.

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Study Notes

Circulatory System Anatomy

  • Purpose: Deliver oxygenated blood to cells and organs for cellular respiration.
  • Cell Types: Cardiac muscle (heart) and smooth muscle (vessels).
  • Major Organs and Function:
    • Heart: Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs, receives oxygenated blood, and pumps it throughout the body. Valves regulate blood flow between chambers.
    • Blood Vessels (systemic circulation): Arteries, arterioles, and capillaries carry blood away from the heart, and veins and venules return blood to the heart. Blood carries oxygen, nutrients, and removes carbon dioxide and wastes.
    • Pulmonary Circulation: Pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs, pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood back to the heart. Roles switched in this system.
  • Cardiovascular System: The heart and circulatory system working together to deliver blood, oxygen and nutrients to organs and cells.

Heart Anatomy

  • Size and Location: About the size of a fist, located between the lungs in the middle of the chest, slightly left of the breastbone.
  • Protection: Surrounded by a double-layered membrane (pericardium)
  • Chambers:
    • Upper: Left and right atria.
    • Lower: Left and right ventricles.
  • Septum: Divides the left and right atria and ventricles.
  • Weight: Between 200-450 grams.

Heart Valves

  • Function: Regulate blood flow through the heart.
  • Types:
    • Tricuspid Valve: Between right atrium and right ventricle.
    • Pulmonary Valve: Controls blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries.
    • Mitral Valve: Allows oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle.
    • Aortic Valve: Allows oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to flow into the aorta.

Coronary Arteries

  • Function: Supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.
  • Aorta/Branches: The aorta branches into two main coronary arteries: the right and left. These branch further into smaller arteries.
  • Right Coronary Artery: Supplies the right side of the heart. Smaller due to pumping blood only to the lungs.
  • Left Coronary Artery: Supplies more of the heart, including the left side and is larger/more muscular, as it pumps blood to the rest of the body.

Vascular System (Blood Vessels)

  • Components: Arteries, veins, and capillaries.
  • Arrangement: Run parallel throughout the body, with capillaries connecting them.
  • Artery Function: Controlled by the sympathetic nervous system; blood pressure moves blood
  • Vein Function: One-way valves, controlled by muscle contractions.

Organ Interactions

  • Lungs: Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
  • Digestive System: Absorbs nutrients for transportation throughout the body
  • Excretory System: Filters blood to remove toxins/waste
  • Nervous System: Regulates heart rate and blood pressure.

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