Carbohydrates Quiz 1 PDF

## Exam on Carbohydrates 1. What percentage of dry plant materials is constituted by carbohydrates? - 50% - 60% - 75% - 80% 2. What process do chlorophyll-containing plants use to produce carbohydrates? - Respiration - Photosynthesis - Fermentation - Glycolysis...

## Exam on Carbohydrates 1. What percentage of dry plant materials is constituted by carbohydrates? - 50% - 60% - 75% - 80% 2. What process do chlorophyll-containing plants use to produce carbohydrates? - Respiration - Photosynthesis - Fermentation - Glycolysis 3. Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in humans? - Provide energy through oxidation - Supply carbon atoms for the synthesis of other biochemical substances - Store long-term energy reserves - Act as structural components of cell membranes when linked to lipids 4. What is the general empirical formula for most simple carbohydrates? - $C_nH_{2n}O_n$ - $CH_2O$ - $C_n(H_2O)_n$ - $C_nO_2H_{2n}$ 5. Which type of carbohydrate is a simple sugar that cannot be hydrolyzed into simpler units? - Monosaccharide - Disaccharide - Oligosaccharide - Polysaccharide 6. Which of the following is an example of a disaccharide? - Glucose - Fructose - Lactose - Cellulose 7. What type of carbohydrate is typically associated with proteins and lipids in complex molecules? - Monosaccharide - Disaccharide - Oligosaccharide - Polysaccharide 8. What is a polymeric carbohydrate that contains many monosaccharide units? - Monosaccharide - Disaccharide - Oligosaccharide - Polysaccharide 9. Which property is described by the term "chirality" in molecules? - The ability to form hydrogen bonds - The presence of a chiral center with four different groups bonded to it - The ability to rotate light in a plane-polarized direction - The presence of double or triple bonds 10. Which of the following is an example of a chiral molecule? - Ethanol - Glyceraldehyde - Carbon dioxide - Water 11. What term describes mirror images of molecules that are nonsuperimposable? - Enantiomers - Diastereomers - Stereoisomers - Constitutional isomers 12. Which guideline is true for identifying a chiral center in a molecule? - It must be involved in a double bond - It must have four different groups bonded to it - It must be part of a ring structure - It must contain two like groups 13. Which carbohydrate is most abundant in nature? - Fructose - Sucrose - Glucose - Galactose 14. Which type of stereoisomerism is present when molecules differ in the orientation of atoms in space but have the same molecular formula? - Constitutional isomerism - Structural isomerism - Stereoisomerism - Positional isomerism 15. What is the Fischer projection used for? - Representing molecular formulas - Showing the spatial arrangement of groups around chiral centers - Determining molecular weights - Identifying the empirical formula 16. In Fischer projection, what does the intersection of vertical and horizontal lines represent? - A double bond - A chiral center - An achiral center - A nonpolar group 17. Which of the following terms describes monosaccharides that differ only in the configuration at one chiral center? - Epimers - Anomers - Enantiomers - Diastereomers 18. Which monosaccharide is often referred to as "brain sugar" due to its presence in brain and nerve tissue? - Glucose - Galactose - Fructose - Ribose 19. What is the main source of energy for cells in the human body? - Sucrose - Galactose - Glucose - Fructose 20. Which monosaccharide is known as "fruit sugar"? - Glucose - Galactose - Fructose - Ribose 21. What type of sugar is D-ribose? - Hexose - Pentose - Tetrose - Heptose 22. Which of the following forms cyclic hemiacetals in solution? - Polysaccharides - Disaccharides - Monosaccharides - Oligosaccharides 23. What term is used for cyclic monosaccharides that differ in the position of substituents on the anomeric carbon? - Anomers - Epimers - Diastereomers - Enantiomers 24. In the Haworth projection formula, how are cyclic forms of monosaccharides represented? - As linear structures - As three-dimensional models - As two-dimensional rings - As tetrahedral models 25. Which scientist developed the Haworth projection? - Hermann Emil Fischer - Walter Norman Haworth - Louis Pasteur - Robert Hooke 26. What is the ring size of a cyclic monosaccharide known as pyranose? - Five-membered ring - Six-membered ring - Seven-membered ring - Four-membered ring 27. Which cyclic monosaccharide form is known as α-D-glucopyranose? - D-glucose in its linear form - D-glucose in a six-membered ring structure - D-fructose in a five-membered ring structure - D-ribose in a five-membered ring structure 28. Which of the following best describes the process of ring closure in monosaccharides? - The addition of water molecules - The formation of an ether linkage - The reaction of a carbonyl group with a hydroxyl group - The breaking of a carbon-carbon double bond 29. What is the concentration range of glucose in the blood during the first hour after eating? - 50-70 mg/dL - 70-100 mg/dL - 100-140 mg/dL - 140-200 mg/dL 30. Which type of stereoisomerism does not involve mirror images? - Enantiomers - Diastereomers - Anomers - Epimers