Camp Coordination and Management PDF

CAMP COORDINATION AND CAMP MANAGEMENT Types of Camp and Camp like se1ing CCCM structures, tools and methodologies are currently used in the following camp and camp- like se:ings: Planned Camps: Planned camps are places where displaced populations find accommodation on purpose-built sites, where...

CAMP COORDINATION AND CAMP MANAGEMENT Types of Camp and Camp like se1ing CCCM structures, tools and methodologies are currently used in the following camp and camp- like se:ings: Planned Camps: Planned camps are places where displaced populations find accommodation on purpose-built sites, where service infrastructure is provided and distributions take place. Self se1led Camps: Displaced groups may se:le in camps that are independent of assistance from the government or humanitarian community. Self-se:led camps, sometimes known as spontaneous sites, may be sited on state owned, private or communal land, usually after limited negotiations with the local population or private owners over use and access. Transit Camps and Reception Centers: Transit camps and reception centers provide temporary accommodation for displaced persons pending transfer to a suitable, safe, longer-term camp, or at the end of an operation as a staging point of return. Reception and transit camps are usually either intermediate or short-term installations. Collective Centers: Pre-existing buildings may be used to host displaced populations. Examples of such buildings include schools, barracks, community halls, sports facilities, warehouses, disused factories, and unfinished buildings. What is CCCM? It is the coordination and monitoring of the provision of services, protection and assistance in a temporary shelter in accordance to International Humanitarian Standards to ensure that every member of the community has the opportunity to participate in the activities of the camp Camp Management Camp Management is about providing assistance and protection to the residents of the camp in accordance with international laws and standards and ensuring that every member of the community has the opportunity to participate in the activities of the camp. Camp Manager Ensures that the daily operational tasks in a single evacuation center/ camp are performed and the standards of the basic facilities are met Ensures timely and accurate reporting of the camp’s needs and concerns Leads the Camp Management Team (CMT) Basic Camp Facilities 1. Camp Management Desk 2. Temporary Shelter 3. Wash, Sanitation and Hygiene Facility 4. Women Friendly Spaces 5. Child Friendly Spaces 6. Clinic/Infirmary/Health Post 7. Community Kitchen 8. Relief Distribution Area 9. Conjugal room 10. Area for Livestock and other Domestic Animals COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION - planned process whereby individuals and groups from among the displaced community identify and express their own views and needs, and where collective action is taken to reflect those views and meet those needs Principles of Humanitarian Assistance 1. IMPARTIALITY 2. NEUTRALITY 3. HUMANITY 4. OPERATIONAL INDEPENDENCE Protection Mainstreaming “All activities aimed at obtaining full “The process of incorporating respect for the rights of the individual in protection principles and promoting accordance with the leEer and spirit of meaningful access, safety, and dignity the relevant bodies of law.” in humanitarian aid.” 4 Key Elements of Protection Mainstreaming 1. Prioritize safety and dignity and avoid causing harm 2. Accountability to affected populations 3. Meaningful access 4. Participation and empowerment 3 Categories of Protection Mainstreaming 1. Physical Security 2. Legal Security 3. Material Security Physical Security Ensure that location of camp and camp like seEings and the routes to them are distant from threats of violence, meets standards for distance from borders and conflict frontlines. Camps should be located in low natural hazard risks, has access to electricity and water, and safe from other hazardous events like aEack from wild animals etc. Carefully examines risks of violence, especially gender-based violence (GBV), to women & girls, men & boys, LGBTI in their daily activities such as fetching water, going to the market or school, collecting firewood etc. and work with preventive measures and responses.  Ensure qualified psychosocial workers are on staff to receive and counsel survivors of violations, especially when dealing with children and survivors of GBV. Ensure effective security measures like police, community patrols, adequate lightning etc. are in place, especially at night with special aEention to public and communal areas such as sanitation facilities. Plan separate bathrooms and toilets for men and women, avoid dark and isolated areas Be aware of existing tensions between ethnic, religious and other groups and consider cultural practices within the affected community. Regular monitoring and discussion with the beneficiaries are encouraged. Ensure the confidentiality and privacy are respected in all forms of consultations, counselling and personal information sharing Legal Security Treat all displaced persons equitably, regardless of their living situation. Comprehensive registration should be in place, enabling women to register on their own name and provision are made for child-headed household. Ensure that information about camp facilities and services is accessible to all including person with disabilities or person with specific needs. Ensure that design of camp set up and services are accessible to all categories of beneficiaries. Ensure that service providers consider the needs of different ethnic, racial, national or social groups and endure that quality of services is equitable. SeEing up a referral system to provide appropriate response and specialized assistance to vulnerable sectors of the displaced population. SeEing up of feedback and complaints mechanism to receive and investigate requests and grievances regarding CCCM interventions, facilities and services as well as allegations of intimidations, coercion, violence or abuses in camps. Ensure that camp site managers and coordinators have signed a code of conduct stating their commitment to respect and foster humanitarian standards and rights of the beneficiaries. In partnership with protection actors, identify focal points and conduct awareness raising about Prevention of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (PSEA) by UN Staff members, related personnel and partners, stressing the information that beneficiaries do not have to provide services or favors in exchange for receiving humanitarian assistance. Ensure girls & women, boys & men, LGBTI are fully involved in decision relating situation in the camp  Establish appropriate and sustainable mechanisms for meaningful dialogues with different age, gender, diverse group of beneficiaries. Involve all categories of affected persons in assessment in order to collect accurate information about their specific needs. Material Security Ensure that displaced population has access to basic necessities like food, water, medicines, clothes, shelter etc. Ensure that there are available medical personnel for medical concerns, social welfare officer for the social welfare needs, alternative educational activities and other basic services needed by the displaced population. Make infrastructure adaptations such as fiEing ramps and railing to facilities so that individuals and groups can access and use the facilities in safety and dignity Protection Risk Violence: The use of force to control another person which can be a form of physical assault or threatening someone with a weapon or in the form of intimidation, threats or psychological or social pressure. Coercion: Forcing or aEempting to force someone to engage in behaviors against her/his will by using threats, verbal insistence, manipulation, deception, cultural expectations or economic power. Exploitation: The action or fact of treating someone unfairly in order to benefit from their work. Deprivation and neglect: Preventing people from accessing the services they need, deliberately or not, directly or indirectly. Discrimination: The unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex Minimum Standards and Site Selection Planning CAMP SET-UP Site Selection Criteria: Safety/Security Accessibility Availability of Resources Cultural and Social Issues Environmental Concerns Size and Area Characteristics Safety/Security Natural and man-made hazards. Example: Existence of industrial areas in the proximity of the site. Extreme climatic conditions. Example: Site at risk of flooding, high winds or any other environmental risks to be avoided. Environmental and health conditions. Example: Health risk typical for the area to be assessed, e.g. malaria zones and cholera risk. Proximity to sensitive areas (current or formal conflict areas). Example: Camp to be situated at least 50 km from front line of a conflict/ disputed territory, or any other hazards. Existence of evacuation route. Accessibility Camps to be easily accessible in all seasons. Ensure the mobility of the displaced population, supply of goods/ services, access to basic services in the surroundings. Examples: Hospital, market, school. Consider access to livelihoods. Availability of Resources The availability of water is one of the most important criteria when selecting a site. Water needs to be available in sufficient quantity in all seasons, taking into consideration the level of water during the dry season, as well as the basic needs of the displaced population (calculated as 7.5-15 liters per person per day). The quantity of wood, as the main source for cooking and heating, needs to be considered (calculated as 0.6-2.8 kg per person per day), meeting cultural norms, and impact to the local environmental as best as possible. The way the wood harvesting is organized should also be planned. The lack of sufficient firewood near the camp tends to force the displaced population to walk longer distances, exposing them to risks of hazard. Cultural and Social Issues Social and cultural considerations need to be considered while planning a camp. In this regard the involvement of the displaced community is essential. The layout should be culturally contextualized. To meet the needs of family and community structures/paEerns as best as possible. Environmental Concerns The negative impact of the establishment of a camp or center on the local environment is crucial to account for the subsequent phases of the camp life cycle (including closure and rehabilitation of the site back to its normal land use and quality). Disposal of solid waste needs to be carried out properly, designating garbage and latrine pits within the facility or off-site. Size and Area Characteristics Minimum surface area: 3.5 m2 per person (Sphere standard). Possibility of expansion if needed. Consider the type of soil and ground used for the site. Consider the topography and ground conditions (particularly associated with the seasons) – a gentle terrain slope of 1 to 5 % is suggested. Consider establishing a cooperative relationship with the host community and host community members. Camp Closure Push – factors that encourage a person to leave the relocation site: restore livelihood opportunities, property seElement/rebuilding, and improved safety conditions in the place of origin Pull – factors that encourage a person to remain may include beEer living conditions and predictable service provision in the relocation site