Burns - PDF

BURNS www.vipinpatidar.wordpress.com  Introduction Burn injuries occur when energy from heat source is transferred to the tissues of the body. The depth of injury is related to the temperature and duration of exposure or contact.  Burns can be caused from a number of substa...

BURNS www.vipinpatidar.wordpress.com  Introduction Burn injuries occur when energy from heat source is transferred to the tissues of the body. The depth of injury is related to the temperature and duration of exposure or contact.  Burns can be caused from a number of substances or items that come into direct contact with the skin or lungs. Respiratory failure and sepsis are the leading causes of death in severely burned patients.  Deficiencies or delays in resuscitation increase risk of death after burn despite the size of burn injury. www.vipinpatidar.wordpress.com Multi-organ failure is present in over 50% of all deaths after burn injury. www.vipinpatidar.wordpress.com  DEFINITION:- Burns are the tissue injury caused by the contact with flame, chemicals, electricity, and radiation. A burn is an injury caused by an exogenous agent that produces a characteristic reaction to local tissues which may vary from mild erythema to full thickness destruction of the skin and deeper tissues. www.vipinpatidar.wordpress.com  ETIOLOGY  Thermal injury (Scald injury): Thermal burns are caused by exposure to or contact with flame, hot liquids, semiliquid’s (e.g. steam).  Inhalation injury: Exposure to asphyxiants (e.g carbon monoxide) and smoke commonly occurs with flame injuries, particularly if the victim was trapped in an enclosed, smoke filled space(e.g. residential fire).  Electrical injury:- it can result from contact with faulty electrical wiring or high voltage power lines. www.vipinpatidar.wordpress.com Continue….. Chemical and contact injury: it can result from chemicals like acid, spirit, petroleum products, Radiation injury: it can result from exposure to radioactive source like nuclear radiation accidents and sunburn from prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays( solar radiation). www.vipinpatidar.wordpress.com  Classification of Burns According to Depth of burns: 1. Superficial burns (1st degree) 2. Partial thickness burns (2nd degree) a) Superficial partial thickness b) Deep partial thickness 3. Full thickness burns (3rd degree) www.vipinpatidar.wordpress.com According to percentage of Burns :  Mild  Moderate  Severe www.vipinpatidar.wordpress.com www.vipinpatidar.wordpress.com According to Depth of burns: 1) Superficial burn (1st degree) Only the epidermis layer is affect Burns are superficial, painful and appear red.  Heal within week with no permeant change in skin colour, texture or thickness.  ex. Sunburn www.vipinpatidar.wordpress.com According to Depth of burns: 2) Superficial partial-thickness burn (Superficial 2nd degree burn)  Epidermis and part of the dermis  Blistered, red or White, blanches with pressure  Painful  Skin is Sensitive to light touch or pinprick  Treated on outpatient basis, heal time 1-3 weeks www.vipinpatidar.wordpress.com According to Depth of burns: 3) Deep partial- thickness Epidermis and most of the dermis Appears white or poor vascularized, may not blister Less sensitive to light touch than superficial form Extensive time to heal (3-4 weeks) www.vipinpatidar.wordpress.com  According to Depth of burns: 4) Full-thickness (3rd degree)  Epidermis, dermis and into subcutaneous tissue,  Full-thickness extends to muscle or bone  Typically no blistering  Extensive healing time and need for skin grafting www.vipinpatidar.wordpress.com  According to Percentage of the burns Mild : ◦ Partial thickness burns