BSMS 3020 Lower Limb Anatomy PDF

Special Areas of the lower Limb BSMS 3020 Amr Mohi, B.D.S., Ph.D.  Femoral Triangle Borders: – Inguinal ligament (sup.) – Sartorius m. (lat.) – Adductor longus m. (med.) Floor: – Iliopsoas & pectineus mm. Contents (lat. to med.): – Femoral n. – Femora...

Special Areas of the lower Limb BSMS 3020 Amr Mohi, B.D.S., Ph.D.  Femoral Triangle Borders: – Inguinal ligament (sup.) – Sartorius m. (lat.) – Adductor longus m. (med.) Floor: – Iliopsoas & pectineus mm. Contents (lat. to med.): – Femoral n. – Femoral a. – Femoral v. – Lymphatic vessels Adductor Canal Contents: – Femoral a. – Femoral v. – Saphenous n.  Popliteal Fossa Borders: Semitendinosus & semimembranosus mm. (superomedial) Biceps femoris m. (superolateral) Med. head of gastrocnemius m. (inferomedial) Lat. head of gastrocnemius m. (inferolateral) Floor: Capsule of knee joint Adjacent surfaces of femur, tibia, & popliteus m. Roof: Deep fascia  Popliteal Fossa Contents: Popliteal a. Popliteal v. Tibial n. Common fibular n. Note: the small saphenous v. pierce through the deep fascia in the popliteal fossa to drain into the popliteal v. Special Area: Tarsal Tunnel Contents: – Tibialis posterior m. tendon – Flexor digitorum longus m. tendon – Posterior tibial artery – Tibial nerve – Flexor hallucis longus m. tendon Superficial Veins of Lower Limb Great saphenous v. Ascends ant. to med. malleolus Post. to med. epicondyle of femur Empties into femoral v. at saphenous opening in fasica lata Small saphenous v. Ascends post. to lat. malleolus Empties into popliteal v. in popliteal fossa Knee Joint Synovial, hinge joint (modified hinge) 2 femorotibial articulations Between lateral & medial femoral & tibial condyles 1 femoropatellar articulation Between patella & femur Knee Joint Capsule Extrinsic Ligaments 1. Patellar ligament Strengthens the joint anteriorly 2. Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament Prevents hyper- adduction 3. Tibial (medial) collateral ligament Prevents hyper- abduction Extrinsic Ligaments 4. Oblique popliteal ligament Expansion of semimembranosus tendon Reinforces capsule posteriorly 5. Arcuate popliteal ligament Strengthens capsule posterolaterally Intrinsic Ligaments Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) Prevents anterior translation of the tibia on the femur Main stabilizer in extension Weaker than PCL Intrinsic Ligaments Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) Prevents posterior translation of the tibia on the femur Main stabilizer in flexion Accessory Structures Menisci Function to deepen articulation (improve stability) Shock absorption Medial meniscus C-shaped; not mobile Attached to tibial plateau via coronary ligaments Lateral meniscus Circular; mobile Accessory Structures Menisci Function to deepen articulation (improve stability) Shock absorption Medial meniscus C-shaped; not mobile Attached to tibial plateau via coronary ligaments Lateral meniscus Circular; mobile Accessory Structures There are at least 12 bursae around the knee, including… Suprapatellar - Semimembranosus Popliteus - Subcutaneous prepatellar Anserine - Subcutaneous infrapatellar Gastrocnemius - Deep infrapatellar