BSMA_2-3_Chapter-2-The-Internet-and-World-Wide-Web_Submitted-Report.pdf

CHAPTER 2 The Internet and World Wide Web BSMA 2-3 Engallado, Krizle M. Fabriga, Gen Rev A. Garcia, Aizha Jules T. Lebita, Arabella Grace D. Jose, Sheena Pearl S. Salvacion, Princess May B....

CHAPTER 2 The Internet and World Wide Web BSMA 2-3 Engallado, Krizle M. Fabriga, Gen Rev A. Garcia, Aizha Jules T. Lebita, Arabella Grace D. Jose, Sheena Pearl S. Salvacion, Princess May B. Brondo, Vanessa V. Professor Melinda S. Balbarino August 02, 2024 1  CHAPTER 2: THE INTERNET AND WORLD WIDE WEB THE INTERNET THE INTERNET Engallado, Krizle M. The Internet, also known as the Net, is a global network that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals. Today, the internet has grown into a public, cooperative, and self-sustaining facility accessible to more than 550 million hosts worldwide. It's used by many as a primary source of information and instant communication. It has also created a social ecosystem through social media and content sharing. In addition, e-commerce, or online shopping, has become one of the largest uses of the internet. Millions of users shop for and sell products on the internet using popular e-commerce and marketing platforms, such as Amazon and Shopee. History of the Internet The Internet originated from the U.S. Department of Defense project called ARPANET, launched in 1969. ARPANET's goal was to allow scientists to share information and collaborate on projects, even in the event of a disaster. The network started with four main computers, or hosts, located at different universities and research institutes. By 1984, ARPANET had expanded to over 1,000 hosts. Connecting to the Internet 1. Cable Internet Cable Internet uses the same infrastructure as cable television to deliver high- speed Internet access. It typically involves a cable modem that connects to the user's home through a coaxial cable. This type of connection is known for its reliability and relatively high speeds, making it a popular choice for both residential and business use. However, since the connection is shared among multiple users in a neighborhood, the speed can vary depending on the time of day and the number of users online. 2. DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) DSL provides high-speed Internet access through traditional telephone lines. It allows users to access the Internet without disrupting telephone service. DSL comes in various forms, such as ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line), where download speeds are higher than upload speeds, and SDSL (Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line), where download and upload speeds are equal. DSL is widely available, especially in areas where other broadband options are limited, though it typically offers lower speeds compared to cable and fiber-optic connections. 3. Fiber to the Premises (FTTP) Fiber to the Premises (FTTP) refers to the delivery of high-speed Internet using fiber-optic cables directly to homes and businesses. Fiber-optic technology uses light signals to transmit data at extremely high speeds, offering the fastest and most reliable Internet connections available. FTTP can deliver gigabit speeds, allowing for seamless streaming, gaming, and large data transfers. However, the availability of FTTP is often limited to urban and suburban areas, as the infrastructure is expensive to deploy. 4. Fixed Wireless Fixed wireless Internet delivers high-speed Internet by transmitting radio signals between two fixed points: a tower (base station) and a receiver (antenna or dish) installed at the user's location. It is particularly useful in rural and remote areas where other types 2  of broadband may not be available. It requires a line-of-sight connection between the antenna and the tower, meaning that obstacles like trees or buildings can affect the signal quality. Speeds can vary, but fixed wireless can offer broadband-level speeds sufficient for streaming, browsing, and other online activities. 5. Wi-Fi Wi-Fi is a technology that allows devices like computers, smartphones, and tablets to connect to the Internet wirelessly within a certain range. It uses radio signals to provide connectivity through a router, which is connected to a broadband modem. Wi-Fi is commonly used in homes, offices, and public spaces like cafes and airports, offering convenient and portable Internet access. The range and speed of Wi-Fi can vary based on the router's capabilities and the presence of physical obstructions. Wi-Fi is essential for creating local area networks (LANs) and is integral to smart home devices and Internet of Things (IoT) systems. 6. Cellular Network Cellular networks provide high-speed Internet through mobile devices and computers equipped with wireless modems. This service uses the same network infrastructure as mobile phones, with data transmitted via cell towers. Cellular Internet is available in various technologies, including 3G, 4G, LTE, and the latest 5G, each offering progressively higher speeds and lower latency. It enables users to access the Internet on the go, making it ideal for smartphones, tablets, and mobile hotspots. Cellular data plans are typically metered, meaning users may have data caps or limits, and speed can vary depending on the network's coverage and congestion. 7. Satellite Internet Satellite Internet provides high-speed access via communication satellites orbiting the Earth. A satellite dish installed at the user's location sends and receives data to and from the satellite, which then relays it to a ground station connected to the Internet. Satellite Internet is often used in rural and remote areas where other types of broadband are unavailable. While it can offer decent speeds, satellite Internet is often affected by high latency due to the long-distance data must travel between the Earth and the satellite. Additionally, weather conditions can impact the signal, and data plans are typically more expensive with lower data caps compared to terrestrial broadband options. Employees and students typically connect their devices to the Internet through business or school networks. These networks are generally supported by high-speed broadband connections, such as fiber-optic or cable services, which provide reliable and fast access to the Internet. In addition to traditional wired connections, many institutions also offer Wi-Fi networks, allowing users to connect their laptops, tablets, and smartphones wirelessly. This flexibility enables a seamless online experience whether working at a desk, in a classroom, or on the go within the campus or office environment. Mobile users access the Internet through a variety of services tailored to their needs. Most hotels, airports, and public transportation hubs offer Wi-Fi connections, often as a complimentary service, allowing travelers and visitors to stay connected while on the move. Wireless Internet services, such as public Wi-Fi networks, make it easy for mobile users to connect their devices to the Internet, whether they are using notebooks, smartphones, or tablets. These networks are commonly found in public places like coffee shops, restaurants, parks, and shopping centers, where they serve as convenient hot spots for accessing the Internet without the need for a wired connection. The rise of 5G networks has also enhanced mobile Internet access, providing faster speeds and more reliable connections, even in areas where Wi-Fi is not available. At home, many users set up Wi-Fi networks that transmit signals from a router connected to a high-speed Internet service, such as fiber-optic, cable, or DSL. This setup allows multiple devices in the household to connect to the Internet wirelessly, enabling everything from streaming and gaming to remote work and online learning. While broadband services have become the standard in most areas, some home users may still rely on slower connections like DSL or even dial-up in regions where high-speed broadband is not available. Dial-up access, though largely obsolete, is sometimes used due to its lower cost or in areas where broadband infrastructure has not yet been developed. Dial-up works by connecting a computer's modem to the Internet through a standard telephone line, using an analog signal to transmit data. Despite its limited speed, it remains an option for users in remote or underserved areas. 3 Access Providers An access provider is a business that offers Internet access to individuals and organizations, either for free or for a fee. Some Wi-Fi networks provide free access, while others charge per use. Access providers often have fixed monthly fees, ranging from about PHP 250 to PHP 1,200 for dial-up access and PHP 700 to PHP 6,000 for higher-speed connections. Many of these providers also offer additional services like news, email, online storage, and games. Access providers are generally categorized into three types: ISPs, online service providers (OSPs), and wireless Internet service providers. ISPs (Internet Service Providers) can be regional, serving specific geographic areas, or national, providing access across the country with more services and larger support teams. Examples of national ISPs in the Philippines include PLDT and Globe Telecom. Online service providers, like Yahoo and MSN (Microsoft Network), offer Internet access along with exclusive features such as instant messaging and customized web browsers. Some OSPs also offer free access to their services for users with high-speed Internet connections. Wireless Internet service providers offer Internet access through wireless connections for mobile devices like smartphones and laptops. These connections are often made via Wi-Fi or wireless modems, which can be USB drives or cards that plug into devices. Examples of wireless providers in the Philippines include Smart Communications, Globe Telecom, and Converge ICT. How Data and Information Travel the Internet Computers connected to the Internet work together to transfer data and information around the world using various wired and wireless transmission media. Several main transmission media carry the heaviest amount of traffic on the Internet. These major carriers of network traffic are known collectively as the Internet backbone. In the United States, the transmission media that make up the Internet backbone exchange data and information at several different major cities across the country. That is, they transfer data and information from one network to another until reaching the final destination. Figure 1. How a Home User’s Data and Information Might Travel the Internet Using a Cable Modem Connection (Image from: Shelly, G. B., & Vermaat, M. E. (2012). Discovering Computers Fundamentals (12th ed.)) 4 Internet Addresses The Internet relies on an addressing system much like the postal service to send data and information to a computer at a specific destination. An IP address, short for Internet Protocol address, is a number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet. The IP address usually consists of four groups of numbers, each separated by a period. In general, the first portion of each IP address identifies the network, and the last portion identifies the specific computer. These all-numeric IP addresses are difficult to remember and use. Thus, the Internet supports the use of a text name that represents one or more IP addresses. A domain name is the text version of an IP address. Figure 2. IP Address v.s. Domain Name (Image from: https://starlink.mu/2021/08/30/ip-address-vs-domain-name/) IP Address: A numerical label, such as "123.45.678.9," uniquely identifies a device connected to the Internet. It functions similarly to a street address, helping route data to the correct destination. Domain Name: A human-friendly text label, such as "www.url.com," that represents an IP address. Domain names are easier to remember and use compared to numeric IP addresses. The arrows between the IP address and the domain name indicate that the two are interchangeable: a domain name can be translated into its corresponding IP address and vice versa. This translation is done by a system called the Domain Name System (DNS). 5  THE WORLD WIDE WEB THE WORLD WIDE WEB Fabriga, Gen Rev A. The World Wide Web (WWW), or Web, a widely used service on the Internet, consists of a worldwide collection of electronic documents. Each electronic document on the web, called a Web page, can contain text, graphics, animation, audio, and video. Additionally, web pages usually have built-in connections to other documents. A Website is a collection of related Web pages and associated items, such as documents and pictures, stored on a web server. A Web server is a computer that delivers requested web pages to your computer. Some industry experts use the term Web 2.0 to refer to websites that provide a means for users to share personal information (such as social networking websites), allow users to modify website content (such as wikis, which are discussed later in this chapter), and have application software built into the site for visitors to use (such as e-mail and word processing programs). Each Electronic Document on the Web 1. Web Page A web page, the most fundamental component of the web, is commonly written in HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) and can be static (unchanging) or dynamic (changing in response to user interaction or other circumstances). Web browsers render web pages by interpreting HTML, CSS (Cascading Style Sheets), and JavaScript to show content. 2. Web Site A website is a collection of interconnected web pages that are often housed under a single domain name. It can contain a variety of content kinds, including product pages, blogs, forums, and more. Websites can range from basic personal pages to sophisticated business platforms with advanced features. 3. Web Server A web server is a computer that saves, processes, and delivers web pages to users via the internet. It listens for requests from web browsers and responds with relevant online information. Web servers frequently use server-side scripting languages such as PHP, Python, or Node.js to produce dynamic content. 4. Web 2.0 This concept refers to the transition of the web from a static information repository to a more dynamic and participatory platform. Web 2.0 sites prioritize user engagement, content production, and social networking, and technologies such as AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) improve the user experience. 5. Web 3.0 (Semantic Web) Web 3.0 promises to make the online experience more intelligent and intuitive by allowing machines to analyze and interpret data. This entails structuring data using technologies such as RDF (Resource Description Framework), OWL (Web Ontology Language), and SPARQL (a database query language) to enable more powerful search and data manipulation capabilities. Which Web Browser Currently Has the Highest Market Share? Historical Context (from your provided text): 6  At one time, Windows Internet Explorer (IE) was the most popular browser, holding approximately 68 percent of the market share. This dominance was particularly strong during the early 2000s. However, IE's market share has significantly declined over the years with the rise of more modern and efficient browsers like Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox. Figure 1. Which Web browser currently has the highest market share? (Image from: Shelly, G. B., & Vermaat, M. E. (2012). Discovering Computers Fundamentals (12th ed.)) Present As of the latest available data in 2024, Google Chrome is the web browser with the highest market share. Chrome has dominated the market for several years due to its speed, user-friendly interface, and extensive range of extensions and integrations. BROWSING THE WEB A web browser, or browser, is application software that allows users to access and view web pages or access Web 2.0 programs. To browse the web, you need a computer or mobile device that is connected to the Internet and that has a web browser. The more widely used web browsers for personal computers are Internet Explorer, Firefox, Opera, Safari, and Google Chrome. In web browsing, several key terms are essential to understanding how the web functions. How a Web Browser Displays a Home Page With an Internet connection established, you start a web browser. The browser retrieves and displays a starting web page, sometimes called the browser’s home page. Figure 2 shows how a web browser displays a home page. Another use of the term, home page, refers to the first page that a website displays. Similar to a book cover or a table of contents for a website, the home page provides information about the website’s purpose and content. Often it provides connections to other documents, web pages, or websites, which can be downloaded to a computer or mobile device. Downloading is the process of a computer or device receiving information, such as a web page, from a server on the Internet. To enhance browsing efficiency, users often create bookmarks for frequently visited web pages. A bookmark saves the URL and allows quick access by clicking the bookmark name in a list, eliminating the need to manually enter the web address each time. Figure 2. How a Web Browser Displays a Home Page (Image from: Shelly, G. B., & Vermaat, M. E. (2012). Discovering Computers 7 Fundamentals (12th ed.)) WEB ADDRESSES A web page has a unique address, which is called a URL (Uniform Resource Locator) or web address. For example, the home page for the United States National Park Service Web site has a web address of http://www.nps.gov. A web browser retrieves a web page using its web address. If you know the web address of a web page, you can type it in the address bar at the top of the browser window. If you type http://www.nps.gov/grsm/planyourvisit/wildlifeviewing.htm as the web address in the address bar and then press the enter key, the browser downloads and displays the web page shown in Figure 3. A web address consists of a protocol, domain name, and sometimes the path to a specific web page or location on a web page. Many web page addresses begin with http://. The http, which stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, is a set of rules that defines how pages transfer on the Internet. To help minimize errors, many browsers and websites do not require you enter the http:// and www portions of the web address. When you enter the web address, http://www.nps.gov/grsm/planyourvisit/wildlifeviewing.htm in the web browser, it sends a request to the web server that contains the nps.com website. The server then retrieves the web page that is named wildlifeviewing.htm in the grsm/planyourvisit path and delivers it to your browser, which then displays the web page on the screen. Figure 3. Web addresses (Image from: Shelly, G. B., & Vermaat, M. E. (2012). Discovering Computers Fundamentals (12th ed.)) To save time, many users create bookmarks for their frequently visited web pages. A bookmark, or favorite, is a saved web address that you access by clicking the bookmark name in a list. That is, instead of entering a web address to display a web page, you can click a previously saved bookmark. NAVIGATING WEB PAGES Most web pages contain links. A link, short for hyperlink, is a built-in connection to another related Web page or part of a web page. Links allow you to obtain information in a nonlinear way. That is, instead of accessing topics in a specified order, you move directly to a topic of interest. Branching from one related topic to another in a nonlinear fashion is what makes links so powerful. Some people use the phrase, surfing the web, to refer to the activity of using links to explore the Web. A link can be text or an image. Text links may be underlined and/or displayed in a color different from other text on the web page. Pointing to, or positioning the pointer on, a link on the screen typically changes the shape of the pointer to a small hand with a pointing index finger. Pointing to a link also sometimes causes the link to change in appearance or play a sound. 8  Each link on a Web page corresponds to a web address or document. To activate a link, you click it, that is, point to the link and then press the left mouse button. Clicking a link causes the web page or document associated with the link to be displayed on the screen. The linked object might be on the same web page, a different eb page at the same website, or a separate web page at a different web site in another city or country. Most current web browsers support tabbed browsing, where the top of the browser displays a tab (similar to a file folder tab) for each web page you open. To move from one open Web page to another, you click the tab in the web browser. Because some web sites attempt to track your browsing habits or gather personal information, some current Web browsers include a feature that allows you to disable and/or more tightly control the dissemination of your browsing habits and personal information. SEARCHING THE WEB The web is a worldwide resource of information. A primary reason that people use the web is to search for specific information, including text, pictures, music, and video. The first step in successful searching is to identify the main idea or concept in the topic about which you are seeking information. Determine any synonyms, alternate spellings, or variant word forms for the topic. Then, use a search tool to locate the information. Two types of search tools are search engines and subject directories. A search engine is a program that find websites, web pages, images, videos, news, maps, and other information related to a specific topic. A subject directory classifies web pages in an organized set of categories or groups, such as sports or shopping, and related subcategories. How to Use a Search Engine A search engine is helpful in locating information for which you do not know an exact web address or are not seeking a particular web site. Some search engines look through web pages for all types of information. Others can restrict their searches to a specific type of information, such as images, videos, audio, news, maps, people or businesses, and blogs. Search engines require that you enter a word or phrase, called search text that describes the item you want to find. Your search text can be broad, such as spring break destinations, or more specific, such as Walt Disney World. Figure 2-9 shows one way to use the Google search engine to search for the phrase, Aspen Colorado ski resorts. The results shown in Step 3 include nearly 150,000 links to Web pages, called hits that reference Aspen Colorado ski resorts. Each hit in the list has a link that, when clicked, displays an associated website or web page. Most search engines sequence the hits based on how close the words in the search text are to one another in the titles and descriptions of the hits. Thus, the first few links probably contain more relevant information. Figure 4. How to Use a Search Engine (Image from: Shelly, G. B., & Vermaat, M. E. (2012). Discovering Computers Fundamentals (12th ed.)) 9 Improving Search Results If you enter a phrase with spaces between the words in the search text, most search engines display results (hits) that include all of the words. The following list identifies techniques you can use to improve your searches. Use specific nouns. Put the most important terms first in the search text. Use the asterisk (*) to substitute characters in words. For example, retriev* displays hits containing retrieves, retrieval, retriever, and any other variation. Use quotation marks to create phrases so that the search engine finds an exact sequence of words. List all possible spellings, for example, email, and e-mail. Before using a search engine, read its Help information. If the search is unsuccessful with one search engine, try another. Subject Directories A subject directory provides categorized lists of links arranged by subject. Using this search tool, you locate a particular topic by clicking links through different levels, moving from the general to the specific. Suppose you want to find information on "renewable energy." Using a subject directory, you might follow these steps: Step 1: Navigate to a subject directory, such as the Open Directory Project. Step 2: Click on a general category, like "Science." Step 3: Click on a subcategory, like "Environment." Step 4: Continue narrowing down through categories like "Energy" and "Renewable Energy" until you find relevant links. WHAT IS A WEBSITE? Garcia, Aizha Jules T. A website is a collection of interconnected web pages, typically accessible via the internet, that are hosted on a specific domain and maintained by an individual, organization, or business. Websites can serve various purposes, such as providing information, facilitating communication, conducting transactions, or delivering entertainment. Websites can range from simple, static pages to complex, interactive applications and can be tailored to various functions such as personal blogs, corporate sites, e-commerce platforms, news portals, social media sites, and more. Websites are a versatile and essential tool in today's digital age, serving a wide array of functions and reaching audiences across the globe. They continue to evolve with advancements in technology, offering increasingly sophisticated and personalized experiences for users. Figure 1. SEVENTEEN Japan Official Website 10 WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF WEBSITES? Websites are foundational to the digital landscape and come in many forms, each tailored to different needs and audiences. The thirteen types of websites are portal, news, informational, business/marketing, blog, wiki, online social network, educational, entertainment, advocacy, web application, content aggregator, and personal. 1. Portal: A web portal is a specially designed website that brings together information from various sources in a uniform way. Typically, each information source gets its dedicated area on the page for displaying information (a portlet); often, the user can configure which ones to display. Web portals are designed to offer a wide array of services and resources, such as email, forums, search engines, and online shopping malls, all integrated into one platform. Figure 2. Web Portal 2. News: A news website is an online platform that delivers news and information to the public. These websites provide updates on current events, politics, sports, entertainment, technology, and other topics of interest. They often feature articles, videos, images, and live updates, offering readers a comprehensive source of information. It is a platform that provides timely and diverse news content, utilizing multimedia elements to enhance the reader's experience and engagement. Figure 3. GMA News Website 11 3. Informational: An informational website is designed to provide detailed and useful information on various topics to its users. These websites serve as resources for knowledge and often aim to educate, inform, and offer comprehensive insights into specific subjects.These websites play a crucial role in disseminating knowledge and supporting learning and research. Figure 4. WebMD Website 4. Business/Marketing: A business website is an online platform created by a company or individual to promote their products or services, provide information about their business,and engage with customers. These websites serve as a digital presence for businesses, offering a range of features designed to attract and retain customers, facilitate transactions, and support marketing efforts. Figure 5. Uniqlo Website 12 5. Blog: A blog is an online platform where individuals or groups regularly post content, typically in the form of articles, known as blog posts. Blogs cover a wide range of topics, including personal experiences, opinions, industry insights, tutorials, and more. They are often updated frequently and encourage reader interaction through comments and social sharing. A blog that contains video clips is called a video blog or vlog. A microblog allows users to publish short messages, usually between 100 and 200 characters, for others to read. Figure 6. Fashion Blog Website 6. Wiki: Wiki is a free, web-based encyclopedia that is collaboratively edited and maintained by volunteers from around the world. It is one of the largest and most widely used reference websites on the internet. Wikis usually collect recent edits on a web page so that someone can review them for accuracy. The difference between a wiki and a blog is that users cannot modify original posts made by the blogger. Figure 7. Wikipedia 13 7. Online Social Networks: It is also known as social networking sites or platforms, are digital spaces where individuals can create profiles, connect with other users, share content, and engage in various forms of communication. These platforms facilitate social interactions, content sharing, and the formation of virtual communities. Figure 8. Facebook Website Figure 9. Instagram Website 8. Educational: Educational websites are online platforms designed to facilitate learning and provide educational resources to users. These websites offer a variety of content, tools, and interactive features aimed at enhancing knowledge, skills, and academic performance. It plays a crucial role in modern education by providing accessible, diverse, and engaging learning opportunities. Figure 10. Khan Academy Website 14 9. Entertainment: Entertainment websites are online platforms designed to provide users with a variety of content for enjoyment. They offer a mix of media formats such as videos, articles, images, and interactive features to engage and entertain users. They cater to a wide audience, supporting the entertainment industry and shaping cultural trends. Figure 11. Netflix Website 10. Advocacy: These are online platforms dedicated to promoting, supporting, and raising awareness about specific issues. These websites aim to mobilize individuals, influence public opinion, and drive social or political change. They often provide information, resources, and tools to help users get involved, take action, and support the advocacy efforts. Figure 12. Angat Buhay Website 15 11. Web Application: A web application is a software program that runs on a web server and is accessed through a web browser over the internet. Web applications do not require installation on a user's device and can be used on any device with an internet connection and a compatible browser. Figure 14. Trello Website 12. Content Aggregator: A content aggregator is a tool or platform designed to gather and arrange content from multiple sources on the internet into one convenient place. This content can range from news articles and blog posts to videos and social media updates. By offering a centralized way to access varied content, content aggregators assist users in staying informed and current on particular topics or interests, eliminating the need to visit numerous websites separately. Figure 15. Feedly Website 13. Personal: A personal website is an online platform by an individual to showcase personal interests, skills, and experiences. It can serve as a digital space for self-expression, professional branding, or sharing personal projects and achievements. Personal websites can also include content such as blogs, portfolios, resumes, photo galleries, and contact information. They are accessible through a unique domain name and can be tailored to reflect the individual’s personality and goals. 16  Figure 16. Heart Evangelista’s Personal Website EVALUATING A WEBSITE It is important to recognize that not all information presented on the web is correct or accurate. Any individual, company, or organization can publish content on the internet, and there is no universal oversight or regulation of the material posted on web pages. This lack of regulation means that the reliability and truthfulness of web content can vary widely, requiring users to critically evaluate the sources and credibility of the information they encounter online. Criteria for Evaluating a Website’s Content Affiliation: It is important for a respected organization to guarantee that the website it endorses upholds neutrality and equity in the content it delivers. This indicates that the content must be unbiased, precise, and unaffected by any outside influence or bias. The organization must follow transparency and credibility principles by verifying information and avoiding conflicts of interest that may bias the content. In this way, the organization contributes to establishing confidence and dependability on the website, guaranteeing that users are provided with unbiased and credible information. Audience: The content on the website should be customized to fit the comprehension and requirements of its specific audience, ensuring it is written at a suitable level. This requires utilizing language, terminology, and explanations that are appropriate for the users' level of understanding and experience. An example would be a website designed for experts in a particular industry using specialized vocabulary and complex ideas, whereas a site intended for the average person should use easy-to-understand language and straightforward explanations. Authority: The author's name and qualifications should be prominently displayed on the website for credibility and user assurance in the information shared. Providing information about the author and their credentials allows users to evaluate the credibility and expertise of the material. Content: A well-organized website with functional links is crucial for a positive user experience. Clear navigation and consistent design make it easy for users to find information and navigate the site. Functional links prevent frustration and maintain a professional impression, while regular maintenance improves overall credibility. These factors ensure the website is user-friendly and effective. Currency: Keeping the information up to date on a webpage is essential to preserve the significance, precision, and trustworthiness of the material. Out of date information can deceive users, lower the site's believability, and lead to problems when users depend on inaccurate data. Design: It is crucial to guarantee that web pages load fast, have an appealing design, and are user-friendly in order to improve the overall effectiveness of a website and create a positive user experience. These components aid in attracting and retaining users, boosting engagement, and adding to the overall effectiveness and success of the website. 17  Objectivity: A website needs to have limited advertising to prevent users from being distracted from the main content and to guarantee a seamless browsing experience. An overabundance of advertisements can take away from the user's experience, creating a cluttered and overwhelming site. Furthermore, the website should present information objectively and in a balanced manner, without any preconceptions or biases. This method preserves credibility and trust, enabling users to interact with the content free from hidden motives or overwhelming commercial influences. MULTIMEDIA ON THE WEB Multimedia involves the use of text, images, audio, and video, along with interactive elements, to enable users to navigate, engage with, create, and communicate using a computer. It encompasses the integration of various digital media forms—such as text, drawings, static and moving images, graphics, audio, and animation—allowing information to be expressed, stored, communicated, and processed digitally. Figure 17. Ponyo (Movie Poster) FORMS OF MULTIMEDIA 1. Graphics: Graphics refer to visual elements used on a website or digital platform to enhance the presentation of information and engage users. This includes images, illustrations, icons, charts, and diagrams. Graphics help websites to be visually appealing, give clarity to information, engagement and interaction with users, and brand identity. Figure 18. SEVENTEEN Members’ Profile Section on the Group’s Website 18 2. Animation: Animation refers to the use of moving graphics or visual effects to enhance a website or digital platform. It can include elements such as animated images, video clips, transitions, and interactive effects. When used effectively, animation enhances user experience by making interactions more intuitive and enjoyable, but it should be balanced to avoid slowing down the site or causing distractions. Figure 19. SEVENTEEN Japan Official Website 3. Audio: Audio on a website refers to sound elements used to enhance user experience. This can include background music, voiceovers, sound effects, or interactive audio features. While audio can enhance the user experience, it should be used thoughtfully to avoid overwhelming users or causing distractions, and should include options to mute or adjust volume. Some web applications use streaming audio, a method where data is transmitted continuously and smoothly. This process allows users to access and use a file while it is still being delivered. For instance, streaming audio lets users listen to music in real time as it downloads to their device. A podcast is an audio recording, typically in MP3 format, hosted on a website. It can be downloaded to a computer or portable media player like an iPod. Podcasts can feature a range of content, including music, radio shows, news, lectures, political messages, and TV commentary. Figure 20. Spotify (Chappell Roan’s Artist Profile) 4. Video: The Internet provides the opportunity to watch live and recorded broadcasts of your favorite television shows and enjoy live performances from artists you love. This means you can access a wide range of entertainment content, from the latest episodes of popular TV series to real-time concerts and events. Additionally, platforms like YouTube allow users to upload, share, and view an extensive collection of video clips, making it easy to discover new content, or engage with a global community of creators and viewers. 19  Figure 21. SEVENTEEN’s Profile on Youtube 5. Virtual Reality: Virtual Reality (VR) is a technology that plunges users into a completely simulated, interactive 3D environment. With VR headsets that have sensors, and sometimes additional equipment like gloves or controllers, users can explore and interact with digital worlds as though they were actually there. VR achieves a strong sense of immersion and realism by integrating visual, auditory, and occasionally tactile sensations, providing a level of engagement that goes beyond traditional media. Figure 22. Going Seventeen Episode (Members’ Try VR) 6. Plug-ins: It is a piece of software that can be added to an existing program to extend its functionality. Plugins are often used to add new features or capabilities. Plug-ins are typically used to extend the capabilities of web browsers, media players, or software applications. Add- ons are often used interchangeably with plug-ins but can also refer to additional features or enhancements for software applications, like office suites or graphic design programs. Add-ons can include things like new templates, custom tools, or additional functionalities. 20  Figure 23. Chrome Web Store WEB PUBLISHING Web publishing is the process of creating and uploading content on the internet. This includes developing, formatting, and posting web pages and multimedia content such as text, images, videos, and interactive elements. STEPS IN WEB PUBLISHING STEP 1: Plan a website. When planning a website design, consider its primary goals, target audience, and visual aesthetics, including color schemes and layout. Ensure functionality with smooth navigation, interactive elements, and responsiveness across devices. Address accessibility to accommodate users with disabilities, and optimize technical aspects like load times and browser compatibility. Additionally, prioritize security to protect user data. By evaluating these factors, you can create a visually appealing, functional, and user-friendly website that meets its objectives. STEP 2: Analyze and design a website. Designing a website layout involves arranging elements like links, text, graphics, animations, audio, video, and virtual reality to create a cohesive and engaging user experience. Ensure that navigation is intuitive, content is readable, and multimedia elements enhance rather than distract. Integrate virtual reality seamlessly and maintain a balanced design across different devices. Effective layout design guides users through the site while aligning with the overall brand and objectives. STEP 3: Create a website. To create basic web pages, you can use a word processing program to draft and format content before publishing it online. These programs allow you to design text and images, but they offer limited control over HTML and advanced web design features. For more sophisticated web development, web page authoring software is recommended. These tools provide specialized functions for designing, coding, and managing web pages with greater precision. They support a wide range of features, including drag-and-drop elements, template customization, and integration of multimedia. By using dedicated web authoring software, you can create more dynamic and interactive web pages, ensuring better control over the website's layout and functionality. STEP 4: Deploy a website. Transferring web pages from your computer to a web server involves uploading your site’s files so they can be accessed online. This process typically requires using an FTP (File Transfer Protocol) client or a web-based file manager provided by your hosting service. First, connect to your web server by entering your server’s address and login credentials into the FTP client. Once connected, navigate to the correct directory on the server where your files should be uploaded. Then, select the web page files and other assets (such as images and scripts) on your local computer and initiate the upload process. After the files are successfully transferred, your website will be live and accessible via its domain name. Ensuring that all files are uploaded correctly and in the proper structure is crucial for the website to function as intended. 21  STEP 5: Maintain a website. To ensure a website remains effective and reliable, it is essential to regularly update its content and verify the functionality of all links. Keeping content current involves reviewing and refreshing information, adding new updates, and removing outdated material to maintain relevance and accuracy. Regular checks for broken or non-working links are crucial, as they can disrupt the user experience and hinder navigation. Implementing a routine maintenance schedule helps address these issues promptly, ensuring that the website provides a seamless and user-friendly experience. By consistently managing content and link functionality, you enhance the website's credibility and effectiveness, fostering greater user engagement and satisfaction. E-COMMERCE: E-commerce, or electronic commerce, involves buying and selling goods and services online. This encompasses a wide range of online business activities such as retail shopping, banking, investing, and rentals. E-commerce platforms support transactions between businesses (B2B), businesses and consumers (B2C), and consumers themselves (C2C). These transactions typically occur through websites or mobile apps, allowing users to browse products, make purchases, and arrange for delivery or pick-up. Essential components of e-commerce include secure payment processing, order management, and customer service. The convenience and accessibility of e-commerce has transformed shopping and business practices, making it a vital part of the modern economy. Figure 24. Shopee Website TYPES OF E-COMMERCE > Business-to-consumer: Business-to-consumer (B2C) refers to the process of selling products and services directly from businesses to individual consumers. B2C transactions typically involve simple purchasing processes, where consumers can browse products, add items to a cart, and complete purchases through a checkout system. B2C includes marketing to attract consumers, customer service to address inquiries and issues, and secure payment methods which facilitate transactions. B2C commerce grew with the rise of the internet, which offers consumers a convenient and accessible way to shop. > Consumer-to-consumer: Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) refers to the exchange of goods and services between individual consumers. In C2C transactions, the platform typically acts as an intermediary, providing a marketplace for listings, communication tools, and sometimes payment processing services. Key features of C2C include user-generated listings, peer reviews, and ratings to build trust between buyers and sellers. > Business-to-business: Business-to-business (B2B) refers to transactions conducted between companies. Businesses provide goods or services to other businesses, including anything from raw materials and components to software and professional services. It involves larger quantities and higher values than business-to-consumer (B2C) transactions and often includes negotiated pricing, bulk discounts, and extended payment terms. 22  OTHER INTERNET SERVICES EMAIL Lebita, Arabella Grace D. E-mail (short for electronic mail) is the transmission of messages and files via a computer network. Today, e-mail is a primary communications method for both personal and business use. You use an e-mail program to create, send, receive, forward, store, print, and delete e-mail messages. Outlook and Windows Live Mail are two popular desktop e-mail programs. An outgoing mail server run by your Internet access provider decides how to route an email message across the Internet before sending it when you send one. When emails arrive, they are stored in your mailbox by an incoming mail server run by your Internet service provider until you access them with an email client. The majority of email applications include a mail notification alert that notifies you when you have new mail by means of a sound or message. How to Send an E-Mail Message Using Outlook Figure 1. Step-By-Step Process on How to Send an E-Mail Message Using Outlook How an E-Mail Message May Travel from a Sender to a Receiver Figure 2. Depiction on How an E-Mail Message May Travel from a Sender to a Receiver 23 Mailing Lists A mailing list, also called an e-mail list or distribution list, is a group of e-mail names and addresses given a single name. When a message is sent to a mailing list, every person on the list receives a copy of the message in his or her mailbox. It is a tool used to send emails to a group of people simultaneously. It's a collection of email addresses of individuals who have subscribed to receive updates, newsletters, or promotional content from a person or organization. When an email is sent to the mailing list, all subscribers receive it, allowing for efficient and widespread communication. Mailing lists are commonly used by businesses, clubs, and other groups to keep their audience informed and engaged without needing to send individual emails to each recipient. For example, your credit card company may add you to its mailing list in order to send you special offers. To add your e-mail name and address to a mailing list, you subscribe to it. To remove your name, you unsubscribe from the mailing list. Instant Messaging Instant Messaging is a real-time Internet communications service that notifies you when one or more people are online and then allows you to exchange messages or files or join a private chat room with them. Real time means that you and the people with whom you are conversing are online at the same time. Some IM services support voice and video conversations. For IM to work, both parties must be online at the same time. Also, the receiver of a message must be willing to accept messages. Using programs like WhatsApp, Messenger, or Viber, instant messaging allows users to text each other in real time and interact. With instant messaging, as opposed to regular texting, you can send stickers and emoticons, transfer things like movies and images fast, and see when someone is typing. Messages are delivered and received relatively instantaneously because it operates over the internet. To communicate with several individuals at once, you can start group chats or conduct one-on-one discussions. Instant messaging is useful for having rapid updates, having informal chats, and staying in touch with friends, family, and coworkers no matter where they are. How an Instant Messaging Works Figure 3. Step-By-Step Process on How an Instant Messaging Works Chat Room Jose, Sheena Pearl S. What is a Chat room? A chat room is a digital platform that allows people to interact and communicate in real time. It serves as a virtual gathering place where individuals can exchange messages, share ideas, and engage in discussions on various topics. Unlike traditional communication methods 24 like email, which may involve delays in responses, chat rooms facilitate immediate and dynamic conversations. Chat rooms cater to a wide range of interests and purposes. They can be informal spaces for casual conversations among friends, family members, or even strangers who share similar hobbies or interests. For example, there are chat rooms for gaming enthusiasts, movie fans, book lovers, and countless other communities. Additionally, chat rooms can serve more formal functions, such as hosting business meetings, online classes, and many more. This versatility makes them an invaluable tool for both social interactions and professional communication. How do chat rooms work? Users can join a chat room through a specific website, application or platform. They may need to create an account or log in, depending on the platform's requirements. Some chat rooms are open to the public, while others may be private or require an invitation. Once inside the chat room, users can see the messages being exchanged by other participants. They can contribute to the conversation by typing their messages in a designated text box and sending them to the group. Many chat rooms offer additional features, such as private messaging between users, file sharing, and the use of emojis or other multimedia elements. Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) What is VoIP? Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a technology that allows people to make voice calls using an internet connection instead of a traditional phone line. By converting voice signals into digital data that can be transmitted over the internet, VoIP enables users to communicate from anywhere in the world as long as they have internet access. VoIP calls can be made using computers, smartphones, tablets, special VoIP phones, traditional phones connected to an adapter, and other internet-connected devices. This technology is commonly used in applications like Skype, Zoom, WhatsApp, providing a cost-effective and versatile alternative to conventional telephone services. VoIP not only supports voice calls but can also facilitate video calls, instant messaging, and file sharing, making it a comprehensive communication solution for both personal and professional use. How does VoIP work? Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a technology that converts your analog voice signal into a digital signal and transmits it over the internet using data packets. This process begins when you speak into a VoIP-enabled device, such as a computer, smartphone, or dedicated VoIP phone. The voice signal is then digitized and sent through your internet connection to your VoIP service provider. The provider routes the digital signal to the recipient, where it is converted back into an analog voice signal that can be heard. The recipient of a VoIP call can be anyone, whether they use the same VoIP service, a different VoIP provider, a mobile phone, or even a traditional landline. VoIP services can often facilitate calls to people who are not using the same service or even a VoIP service, making it a flexible and inclusive communication solution. 25 File Transfer Protocol (FTP) What is FTP? File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used for transferring files from one computer to another over the internet or a local network. It operates on a client-server model, where a user (the client) connects to a server to upload or download files. FTP allows for the transfer of large files and can manage file directories on the server, making it a valuable tool for website maintenance, data backups, and file sharing. How does FTP work? FTP (File Transfer Protocol) operates by establishing a communication network between two parties: the client and the server. To use FTP, a client typically needs to enter a server address, along with a username and password, although some servers allow anonymous access. FTP uses two distinct communication channels: the Command Channel and the Data Channel. The Command Channel handles the transmission of commands and responses between the client and the server, while the Data Channel is responsible for transferring the actual files. The protocol operates in one of two modes, which influence how the data connection is established: Active Mode: In this mode, the client requests the server to create a data connection for file transfer. The server then initiates the data connection to the client. However, this can be problematic if the client’s machine is behind a firewall, which may block unauthorized incoming connections from the server. Passive Mode: To avoid the firewall issue, passive mode requires the client to establish both the command and data channels. In this setup, the server listens for the connection requests from the client, rather than initiating a connection itself, which helps bypass firewall restrictions. Newsgroups and Message Boards What is Newsgroups and Message Board? Newsgroups are a type of online discussion forum that predates modern social media. They are part of the usenet network, which is a distributed system of servers that host and share messages across different topics. Newsgroup functions through a protocol called NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol), allowing users to post and read messages on various subjects. Each newsgroup is dedicated to a specific topic, ranging from technology and science to hobbies and general discussions. Users access newsgroups through dedicated newsreader software or services that connect to usenet servers. Message boards, also known as forums, are web-based platforms where users can post messages, ask questions, and engage in discussions. Unlike newsgroups, message boards are 26 hosted on specific websites and are typically organized into categories and subcategories. Users create threads or topics, and other members can reply to these threads, creating a chain of discussions. Message boards usually offer features like user profiles, private messaging, and moderation tools to manage discussions and enforce community rules. They can cover a wide range of topics and interests and often serve as a community hub for like-minded individuals to interact and share information How do newsgroups work? A newsgroup starts on a single news server, but its content is replicated across hundreds or thousands of other servers to ensure broad access. Each news server is equipped with software that manages a file for each newsgroup it services. When you access a newsgroup, your newsreader connects to the news server using the Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP), typically via information provided by your Internet Service Provider (ISP) or a public news server list. Once connected, your newsreader downloads the latest messages from the newsgroups you follow. When you post a message, it is sent to the news server, which appends it to the end of the text file for that newsgroup. As the file grows, older messages may be archived to maintain file size. The server then updates other news servers with the new information using NNTP or other protocols like UUCP. Each server compares the new data with its existing files, integrating new messages while preserving posts that were added locally. This updated file is then sent to other servers, ensuring the newsgroup’s content is consistent across the network. The replication process is continuous, so changes are quickly distributed to all servers. Subscribers can read and respond to messages, and the cycle repeats as new messages and replies are posted. This system allows for a dynamic and distributed discussion environment across the Usenet network. 27  THE NETIQUETTE, COMPANIES ON THE CUTTING EDGE & TECHNOLOGY TRAILBLAZERS UNDERSTANDING NETIQUETTE Salvacion, Princess May B. Netiquette is all about manners on the Internet. So where did netiquette come from? It’s been around as long as the Internet. When people first started chatting and emailing each other online, they noticed they needed some rules. Remember, the goal of netiquette is simple: to make the online world a friendly and respectful place. DEFINITION OF NETIQUETTE Netiquette refers to internet guidelines that advise people on how to communicate and treat others when interacting online. Netiquette includes rules for all aspects of the Internet, including the World Wide Web, e-mail, instant messaging, chat rooms, FTP, and newsgroups and message boards. Practicing netiquette is like practicing etiquette because both involve interacting with others respectfully. These guidelines can cover various aspects of online behavior, such as: 1. Writing clear, concise, and respectful messages 2. Respecting others’ privacy 3. Avoiding offensive language or content 4. Giving credit to others’ work and not plagiarizing 5. Keeping personal conversations and sensitive topics in private messages 6. Not spamming others with unwanted messages or advertisements 7. Practicing good security habits, like not sharing passwords These rules aren’t enforced by any laws or regulations but following them can help create a more respectful and enjoyable online environment for everyone. Why Practicing Netiquette Is Important Practicing netiquette is crucial for several reasons: Promotes Respectful Communication. Prevents Misunderstandings Enhances Professional Image Ensures Privacy and Security Facilitates Effective Communication Fosters a Sense of Community In summary, practicing netiquette not only makes online interactions more pleasant, but also helps create safer, more productive, and more inclusive online communities. Five Impacts of Poor Netiquette A. Misunderstandings and Communication Breakdowns - When we don’t practice good netiquette, it can lead to misunderstandings and breakdowns in communication. This means that our messages might not be understood as we intended, causing confusion and conflicts. B. Damage to Personal and Professional Reputation - Poor netiquette can harm our personal and professional reputation. The things we say and do online can be seen by others, and they can form opinions about us based on our behavior. 28 C. Privacy Violations - When we disregard netiquette, we may end up violating someone’s privacy. Sharing someone’s personal information, private messages, or photos without their permission is a serious invasion of privacy. D. Online Harassment and Cyberbullying - Poor netiquette contributes to online harassment and cyberbullying. When we engage in name-calling, spreading rumors, or using offensive language, it creates a hostile and hurtful environment for others. E. Legal Repercussions - Engaging in poor netiquette can sometimes lead to legal consequences. Sharing false information, engaging in defamation, or invading someone’s privacy without consent may result in legal actions such as lawsuits. By understanding the impacts of poor netiquette, we can see the importance of practicing good online behavior. Companies on the Cutting Edge 1. Google “Creator of the World Wide Web” Google holds first place in search with a stunning difference of 88.57% from second place Bing. Google first launched 25 years ago (1998) and quickly became the top search engine because of its ability to deliver accurate answers to users’ queries in the fastest way possible. According to statistics from Statista and Statcounter, Google dominates the market in all countries on any device (desktop, mobile, and tablet). In particular, Google’s desktop market share is 81.74%, and mobile market share is 95.49%. 2. eBAY “World’s Largest Online Marketplace” eBay belongs to the biggest online marketplaces with a vast global market share. The platform serves over 180 million worldwide buyers and operates in 190 markets around the world. Millions of products are traded daily on eBay auctions, whether it is across town or across the globe. The more than 88 million registered worldwide shoppers generate at least $1.8 billion in annual revenue through purchases on the main Web site, eBay, along with items on Shopping.com, tickets on StubHub, classifieds on Kijiji, and other e-commerce venues. 29 TECHNOLOGY TRAILBLAZERS TIM BERNERS-LEE “Creator of the World Wide Web” Tim Berners-Lee became the 3Com Founders Professor of Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2008. As a professor in the electrical engineering and computer science departments, he researches social and technical collaboration on the Internet. Berners- Lee’s interest in sharing information via Web servers, browsers, and Web addresses developed in 1989 Screenshot of the recreated page of the first website (Image: CERN) The first website at CERN – and in the world – was dedicated to the World Wide Web project itself and was hosted on Berners-Lee's NeXT computer. In 2013, CERN launched a project to restore this first ever website: info.cern.ch. On 30 April 1993, CERN put the World Wide Web software in the public domain. Later, CERN made a release available with an open licence, a surer way to maximise its dissemination. These actions allowed the web to flourish. While working at CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, in Geneva, Switzerland. He continued to improve his design of a program that tracked random associations for several years and then became the director of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), a forum to develop Web standards, in 1994. Recently, Queen Elizabeth bestowed the Order of Merit – the highest civilian honor – upon the British-born Berners-Lee. MARK ZUCKERBERG “Facebook Founder and CEO” Mark Zuckerberg is a self-taught computer programmer and co-founder, chair, and chief executive officer of Meta (META), formerly known as Facebook. Both Microsoft and AOL had recruited Zuckerberg during his senior year in high school in New Hampshire. He declined their job offers and decided to attend Harvard. In college, he and some friends developed several projects, laying the foundation that led to Facebook’s eventual start. Harvard administrators claimed these Web sites violated students’ privacy. He, however, had instant success launching Facebook from his dorm room, and the Web site’s popularity quickly spread to other Ivy League and Boston-area colleges and then worldwide. He left his studies at 30 Harvard University in 2004 and moved to California. Today, Zuckerberg says he spends the majority of his time running the $15 billion company on very little sleep. SPECIAL FEATURES MAKING USE OF THE WEB Brondo, Vanessa V. Information literacy encompasses the practical skills necessary to critically evaluate information from both print and electronic sources, and to utilize this information accurately in daily life. Accessing relevant websites can significantly contribute to educational and professional development, as these resources can aid in conducting research for academic assignments and enhance one's overall life experience. Due to the lack of an inherent organizational structure on the Web, locating reliable material can be challenging. As a result, additional resources may be required to assist in the search for credible information. This special feature provides comprehensive details about various websites, including tables of web addresses to facilitate your exploration. The material is systematically organized into several areas of interest for ease of navigation. Fun and Entertainment Websites The web is a rich source of entertainment, offering everything from music and movies to games and radio stations. Here are some top entertainment websites: ENTERTAINMENT WEB ADDRESS allmusic allmusic.com E! Online eonline.com Entertainment Weekly’s EW ew.com/ew Games.com games.com Internet Movie Database imdb.com Old Time Radio (OTR) — Radio Days: A Radio otr.com History Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum rockhall.com World Radio Network wrn.org Yahoo! Entertainment entertainment.yahoo.com WEB CAMS WEB ADDRESS Camvista camvista.com Discovery Kids — Live Cams kids.discovery.com/cams/cams.html EarthCam — Webcam Network earthcam.com ESRL/GMD Mauna Loa Live Camera esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/obop/mlo/livecam/ind ex.html Gatorland gatorland.com/gatorcam.php Geocaching — The Official Global GPS geocaching.com Cache Hunt Site 31  Panda Cam San Diego Zoo sandiegozoo.org/zoo/ex_panda_station. html WebCam Central camcentral.com Wild Birds Unlimited Bird FeederCam wbu.com/feedercam_home.html Research Websites For conducting research, there are many websites that provide comprehensive information and tools. These are essential for academic and professional research: RESEARCH WEB ADDRESS A9.com a9.com AccessMyLibrary accessmylibrary.com AltaVista altavista.com Answers.com answers.com Ask ask.com Bing bing.com ChaCha chacha.com CNET cnet.com eHow ehow.com Google google.com HotBot hotbot.com Librarians’ Internet Index lii.org PC911 pcnineoneone.com Switchboard switchboard.com Webopedia webopedia.com ZDNet zdnet.com Blog Websites Blogs offer diverse perspectives and insights on various topics. They are a great way to stay updated and engage with communities of interest. BLOG WEB ADDRESS A List Apar alistapart.com Blog.com blog.com Blog Flux topsites.blogflux.com Blogger blogger.com Bloglines bloglines.com Blogstream blogstream.com 32  Davenetics*Remote Control davenetics.com Revolutionary Geek News Central geeknewscentral.com GM FastLane Blog fastlane.gmblogs.com kottke.org kottke.org MetaFilter Community Weblog metaflter.com Rocketboom rocketboom.com TreeHugger treehuggertv.com Twitter twitter.com TypePad typepad.com Online Social Networks and Media Sharing Websites Social networks and media sharing websites allow us to connect with others and share content easily. These platforms are integral to modern communication. ONLINE SOCIAL NETWORKS WEB ADDRESS Club Penguin clubpenguin.com Facebook facebook.com LinkedIn linkedin.com MySpace — a place for friends myspace.com orkut orkut.com Windows Live Spaces spaces.live.com MEDIA SHARING WEB ADDRESS flickr flickr.com Phanfare phanfare.com Photobucket photobucket.com Picasa picasa.com Shutterfly shutterfly.com Yahoo! Video video.yahoo.com YouTube youtube.com Travel Websites Travel websites help us plan our trips, find the best deals, and navigate new places. Here are some top resources for travellers. GENERAL TRAVEL WEB ADDRESS CheapTickets cheaptickets.com 33  Expedia Travel expedia.com Kayak kayak.com Orbitz orbitz.com SideStep sidestep.com Travelocity travelocity.com CARTOGRAPHY WEB ADDRESS Bing Maps bing.com/maps Google Maps maps.google.com MapQuest mapquest.com Maps.com maps.com Yahoo! Maps maps.yahoo.com TRAVEL AND CITY GUIDES WEB ADDRESS Frommer’s Travel Guides frommers.com GoPlanit goplanit.com U.S.-Parks US National Parks Travel www.us-parks.com Guide Virtual Tourist virtualtourist.com Environment Websites Environmental websites provide information on conservation efforts, climate change, and sustainable practices. Here are some useful sites for environmental research. NAME WEB ADDRESS Central African Regional Program carpe.umd.edu for the Environment (CARPE) Earthjustice earthjustice.org EarthTrends: Environmental earthtrends.wri.org Information Environmental Defense Fund edf.org Environmental Sites on the Internet www.ima.kth.se/im/envsite/envsite.htm EPA AirData — Access to Air epa.gov/air/data Pollution Data Global Warming globalwarming.org Green Computing Impact gcio.org Organization GreenNet gn.apc.org 34  New American Dream newdream.org University of Wisconsin — Milwaukee uwm.edu/Dept/ Environmental Health and Safety Resources EHSRM/EHSLINKS bqs.usgs.gov/acidrain USGS Branch of Quality Systems Finance Websites Finance websites offer tools and information for managing money, investing, and understanding the economy. These resources are invaluable for personal and professional financial planning. ADVICE AND EDUCATION WEB ADDRESS Bankrate bankrate.com ING Direct ingdirect.com LendingTree lendingtree.com Loan.com loan.com The Motley Fool fool.com MSN Money moneycentral.msn.com Wells Fargo wellsfargo.com Yahoo! Finance finance.yahoo.com STOCK MARKET WEB ADDRESS E*TRADE us.etrade.com Financial Engines financialengines.com Merrill Lynch ml.com Morningstar morningstar.com Reuters reuters.com/investing Valic valic.com Vanguard vanguard.com TAXES WEB ADDRESS H&R Block hrblock.com Internal Revenue Service www.irs.gov Jackson Hewitt jacksonhewitt.com Liberty Tax Service libertytax.com 35 Government Resources Website Government websites provide access to official information and services. These sites are essential for staying informed about public policies and accessing various governmental resources. POSTAGE WEB ADDRESS Endicia endicia.com Pitney Bowes pb.com Stamps.com stamps.com GOVERNMENT WEB ADDRESS FedWorld www.fedworld.gov HG.org — Worldwide Legal Directories hg.org Library of Congress loc.gov National Agricultural Library nal.usda.gov Smithsonian Institution smithsonian.org THOMAS (Library of Congress) thomas.loc.gov Time Service Department tycho.usno.navy.mil U.S. Department of Education ed.gov United States Department of the treas.gov Treasury U.S. Government Printing Office www.access.gpo.gov United States National Library of nlm.nih.gov Medicine United States Patent and Trademark uspto.gov Office USAJOBS usajobs.opm.gov The White House whitehouse.gov Shopping and Auctions Online shopping and auction sites offer a wide range of products and services, often at competitive prices. Here are some popular options for online shopping and auctions. AUCTIONS WEB ADDRESS craigslist craigslist.org eBay ebay.com Sotheby’s sothebys.com uBid ubid.com U.S. Treasury — Seized Property ustreas.gov/auctions 36  Auctions BOOKS AND MUSIC WEB ADDRESS Amazon amazon.com Barnes & Noble bn.com BookFinder bookfinder.com COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS WEB ADDRESS BestBuy bestbuy.com Buy buy.com Fry’s Electronics frys.com MISCELLANEOUS WEB ADDRESS drugstore drugstore.com Google Product Search google.com/products SmashBuys smashbuys.com Walmart walmart.com Weather, Sports, and News Website Staying updated with the latest weather forecasts, sports events, and news is easier with these reliable websites. WEATHER WEB ADDRESS AccuWeather accuweather.com Infoplease Weather infoplease.com/weather.html Intellicast www.intellicast.com National Weather Service www.crh.noaa.gov The Weather Channel weather.com SPORTS WEB ADDRESS CBS Sports cbssports.com ESPN espn.com NASCAR nascar.com International Olympic Committee www.olympic.org Sporting News Radio radio.sportingnews.com 37  Yahoo! Sports sports.yahoo.com NEWS WEB ADDRESS FactCheck factcheck.org Geek.com geek.com Google News news.google.com MSNBC msnbc.com Onlinenewspapers onlinenewspapers.com privacy.org privacy.org SiliconValley siliconvalley.com starting page startingpage.com/html/news.html USA TODAY usatoday.com Washington Post washingtonpost.com Learning Websites Learning websites provide educational resources and tutorials on a wide range of topics, making learning accessible and convenient. LEARNING HOW TO'S WEB ADDRESS Bartleby: Great Books Online bartleby.com AT&T Knowledge Network Explorer www.kn.pacbell.com/wired BBC Learning bbc.co.uk/learning CBT Nuggets cbtnuggets.com HowStuffWorks howstuffworks.com Internet Public Library ipl.org Learn the Net learnthenet.com ScienceMaster sciencemaster.com Search Engine Watch searchenginewatch.com Wiredguide wiredguide.com COOKING WEB ADDRESS Betty Crocker bettycrocker.com Chef2Chef chef2chef.net Food Network foodnetwork.com 38 Science Website Science websites offer access to research papers, articles, and resources in various fields of science. These sites are valuable for students, researchers, and science enthusiasts. PERIODICALS WEB ADDRESS Archaeology Magazine archaeology.org Astronomy Magazine astronomy.com New Scientist newscientist.com OceanLink oceanlink.info Science Magazine sciencemag.org Scientific American sciam.com RESOURCES WEB ADDRESS National Science Foundation (NSF) nsf.gov Science.gov: USA.gov for Science science.gov Thomson Reuters scientific.thomson.com/free/ SCIENCE COMMUNITY WEB ADDRESS American Scientist amsci.org Federation of American Scientists fas.org NASA www.nasa.gov Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research sigmaxi.org Society Health Websites Health websites provide information on medical conditions, treatments, and wellness. These sites are essential for accessing reliable health information MEDICAL HISTORY WEB ADDRESS Google Health google.com/health Lifestar mylifestarphr.com Medem medem.com PersonalMD personalmd.com Practice Solutions practicesolutions.ca Records for Living, Inc — Personal recordsforliving.com Health and Living Management WebMD webmd.com 39  GENERAL HEALTH WEB ADDRESS Consumer and Patient Health caphis.mlanet.org/consumer Information Section (CAPHIS) Centers for Disease Control cdc.gov and Prevention familydoctor familydoctor.org healthfinder healthfinder.gov KidsHealth kidshealth.org LIVESTRONG.COM livestrong.com MedlinePlus medlineplus.gov PE Central: Health and Nutrition Web pecentral.org/websites/healthsites.html Sites Physical Activity Guidelines health.gov/paguidelines Careers Websites Career websites offer job listings, career advice, and company information. These resources are crucial for job seekers and those looking to advance their careers. JOB SEARCH WEB ADDRESS BestJobsUSA bestjobsusa.com CareerBuilder careerbuilder.com Careerjet careerjet.com CareerNET careernet.com CAREERXCHANGE careerxchange.com CollegeGrad.com collegegrad.com EmploymentGuide.com employmentguide.com Job.com job.com Job Bank USA jobbankusa.com JobWeb jobweb.com Monster monster.com USAJOBS www.usajobs.gov VolunteerMatch volunteermatch.org Yahoo! HotJobs hotjobs.yahoo.com COMPANY/INDUSTRY INFORMATION WEB ADDRESS Careers.org careers.org Forbes forbes.com/leadership/careers 40  Fortune fortune.com Hoover’s hoovers.com Occupational Outlook Handbook stats.bls.gov/oco Literature and Arts Literature and arts websites provide access to a wealth of information on books, authors, and artistic works. These sites are great for enthusiasts and researchers alike. LITERATURE WEB ADDRESS Bartleby bartleby.com Bibliomania bibliomania.com The Complete Review www.complete-review.com eNotes enotes.com Fantastic Fiction fantasticfiction.co.uk Literary History literaryhistory.com Nobel Prize in Literature nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/la ureates/1909/press.html Project Gutenberg gutenberg.org Project MUSE muse.jhu.edu ARTS WEB ADDRESS absolutearts absolutearts.com The Children’s Museum of Indianapolis childrensmuseum.org ARTINFO Gallery Guide artinfo.com/galleryguide/ The Getty getty.edu Louvre Museum louvre.fr Montreal Museum of Fine Arts mmfa.qc.ca Museumstuff.com museumstuff.com The Museum of Online Museums coudal.com/moom National Gallery of Art nga.gov 41 REFERENCES: Computer Basics: Connecting to the Internet. (n.d.). GCFGlobal. Retrieved July 31, 2024, from https://edu.gcfglobal.org/en/computerbasics/connecting-to-the-internet/1/ DNS: Understanding the Domain Name System Function. (n.d.). What Is My IP Address. 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