BSC I PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY Syllabus 2023-2024 PDF

Govt. Holkar (Model, Autonomous) Science College, Indore Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry B.Sc. I Semester Syllabus 2023-2024  ?...

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Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Part A - Introduction Programme- B.Sc. Class - B.Sc. Year- 2023 Session- 2023- Pharmaceutical I Semester 24 Chemistry- Maior Course Type (Subject) - Major I Course Code 2 Course Title Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry-I 3 Pre requisite To study this course, a student must have had the subject Chemistry in (if any) 12lh class. 4 Course Learning COl: Understand the principles and techniques used in preparing Outcomes (cLo) gastrointestinal and topical agents. Evaluate their properties and assess their effectiveness and safety in treating specific conditions. ( Understanding) CO2z Apply identification assays and testing methods to assess the quality and safety of dental products. Understand the importance of standardized testing and quality control. (Applying) CO3: Analyze the role of physiological ions, acid-base balance. and electrolytes in the body. Understand their impact on homeostasis and the mechanisms involved in regulating them.( Analyzing) CO4: Evaluate scientific literature and research studies on gastrointestinal and topical agents. Make evidence-based recommendations for their use in clinical practice. (Evaluating) 5 Credit Value 4 Credits 6 Total Marks Formative Assessment (CCE) - 40 Marks Minimum Pass Summative Assessment (End Semester Exam) - 60 Marks - 35 Marks Total40+60= 100 Marks k k t\A t ?,bt  Part A - Introduction Programme- B.Sc. Class - B.Sc. I Year- 2023 Session- 2023-24 Pharmaceutical Chemistry- Semester Malor Course Type (Subject) - Major Course Code Course Title Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry-I Part - B Content of the Course Total no. of lectures - As per UGC rules (1 Credit = 15 Lectures) S. No. Topics No. of Lectures General method of preparation, properties, and uses of inorganic I compounds belonging to the following class: Gastrointestinal agents - Acidifiers, Antacids- Sodium bicarbonate, Potassium citrate, Aluminium hydroxide gel , Magnesium oxide, Magnesium hydroxide , Magnesium carbonate. Adsorbents and Protectives- Kaolin. Bismuth subcarbonate. activated charcoal. Kev Words: Gastrointestinal agents, Properties, preparation. Preparation and properties of Topical agents II Preparation, properties and uses of the following class: Topical agents:- Calamine, Zinc stearate, Titanium dioxide. Astringents- Definition, therapeutic use- Alums, Aluminium sulphate. Antimicrobials- Classification, mechanism of action, preparation and uses of the following inorganic compounds: Potassium permanganate, Sodium hypochlorite, Boric acid, Silver nitrate. Key words: Topical agents, properties, preparation. Preparation and properties of Dental products III Dental Products: Role of fluorides as anticaries agents - Sodium fluoride, Stannous fluoride. Dentifrices: Preparation , properties and uses of - Calcium carbonate, Dicalcium phosphate. Cement and fillers: Zinc oxide. Polishing agents. Inhalants: Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Nitrous oxide. Key words: Dental products, Properties, Preparation. Mh v 2 ?c^' GI Y  Part A - Introduction Programme- B.Sc. Class - B.Sc. I Year-2023 Session- 2023-24 Pharmaceutical Chemistry- Semester Malor Course Type (Subject) - Maior Course Code Course Title Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistrv-I IV Physiological ions and electrolytes Discussion on the physiological role of chloride, sodium, potassium, calcium. Electrolytes used for replacement therapy-Sodium chloride, Potassium chloride, Calcium chloride, Magnesium chloride. Key Words: Role of ions, Electrolytes. V Physiological acid-base balance and electrolytes Introduction to physiological acid base balance, its importance. Electrolytes used in acid base therapy. Sodium acetate, Potassium acetate, Sodium citrate, Sodium lactate, Ammonium chloride. Electrolye combination therapy, oral rehydration solutions. Key Words: Acid-base balance, Electrolytes. w 2..' &> wk Y, 4\q /-- [^ 3  Part A - Introduction Year- 2023 Session- 2023-24 Pharnraceutical Inorganic Chemistrv-I Part - C Learning Resources Reference Books, Other Resources Suggested Readings: Text Books: 1. Rogers Inorganic pharmaceutical chemistry-Soine & wirson. 2' Inorganic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry by J. H. Block, E. B. Roche, T. 0. Soine and C. O. Wilson. 3' Bentley and Driver's Text Book of Pharmaceutical Chemistry. oxford university press, 2020. 4' Pharmaceutical and Medical Inorganic Chemistry: An updated version of Inorganic Pharmaceutical chemistry by p. Gundu Rao. Vallab-h prakashan ,2009. Reference Books: I*9ian Pharmacop_oeia, The contro[er of pubrication, Derhi, 2007. l. Pharmaceutical 2' Chemistry- Inorganic by G. R. Chatwal, Himalaya publishing House, 20lg Suggested Digital Platforms Web Links: https ://uccmo ocs. infl ibnet. ac. in Suggested Equivalent online courses: ht t ps; :iligys.ia+"rsJilfuqdll ba laj i V iincnc I : iturc- I. mp4 h- (,\ a$> ?.'@r --{1 *yy 4  Part A - Introduction Programme- B.Sc. Class - B.Sc. I Year- 2023 Session- 2023-24 Pharmaceutical Semester Chemistry- Maior Course Type (Subiect) - Maior Course Code Course Title Pharmaceutical Inorsanic Chemistrv-I Part - D Assessment and Evaluation Internal Assessment: Continuous External Evaluation (Summative Assessment): Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE)/ End Semester Exam:60 Marks Formative Assessment: 40 Marks Time: 03 hours Formative Assessment shall be based on - Quiz, Seminar, Presentation, Written test, Case Study, Project, Assignment etc. The division of marks is as follows: Test I 20 Marks Section (A): 5 5xl:5 Objective Questions (l mark each) Test II 20 Marks Section (B): 5 Short 5x 7:35 Best two test Questions out of Marks : (20 + eight questions (200 20) words each) (7 Marks each) Test III 20 Marks Section (C): Two 2 x l0:20 long questions out of four questions ( 500 Words each) (10 Marks each) Total Internal Assessment 40 Marks Total External 60 Marks (CCE) Marks Evaluation (Theory) Marks (A+B+ C) 1. For Major, Minor, Open Elective, Foundation and Vocational Courses, Part D will be as per the scheme of marks given. Note;- ) The student should secure 357o marks in Internal Assessment (CCE) and External Evaluation (theorv) combined. 6e- k H- "b) Y >r 5  Government Holkar (Model, Autonomous) Science College, Indore (M.P.) Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Part A- Introduction Program: B.Sc. Class: B.Sc. I Year- 2023 Session- Pharmaceutical chemistry Semester 2023-24 Major/Practicals Course Type (Subject) - Major/ Practicals 1 Course Code 2. Course Title Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry-I Lab 3. Pre-requisite (if any) To study this course, a student must have had the subiect Chemistry in 12lh class. 4. Course Learning Outcomes CO -1 Explain the pharmapopoeia ,test of impurity (cl-o) and purity and analysis of pharmaceutical compound. CO-2 Demonstrate titrimetric methods of analysis of inorganic compounds. CO-3 Design gravimetric methods of analysis. 5. Credit Value 02 Credits Part B- Content of the Course Total no. of lectures - As per UGC rules Lab Assignments I Pharmaceut ical Preparations : (i) Potash alum and Chrome alum (ii) Aromatic waters, Solutions, Mouth washes (iii) Tinctures, Milk of Magnesia (iv) Mohr's salt (v) Aluminium hydroxide gel, Lotions, Syups (vi) Glycerides, Gargles (vii) Emulsions, Suspensions (viii) Infusions, Mucilage, Jellies (ix) Decoctions. 2. Lirnit Test: Chloride, iron, sulphate and lead 3. Titrimetric estimations: a) Preparation and standardization of sodium hydroxide and oxalic acid. b) Estimation of ferrous sulphate using potassium dichromate, oxalic acid and potassium permanganate. c) Assay of copper sulphate by Iodometry d) Analysis of ammonium chloride, borax, zinc oxide and sodium carbonate. 4. Gravimetric methods of analysis of copper, nickel and sulphate. N (( \ x =boy r>  Part A- Introduction Practicals Class: B.Sc. I Semester Year- 2023 Session- 2023-24 Course Tvpe (Subiect) -Maior/ Practicals Course Code Course Title Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry-I Lab Part C- Learning Resources Textbooks, References Books, Other resources Suggested Readings: l. Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry by A. H. Beckett and J. B. Stenlake, 4'l' Edition, Part-II, Continuum International Publishing Group Ltd, 2000. 2. A Practical Book of Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry by K. B. Patil, N. B. Patil and P. A. Patil, IP lnnovative Publication, I'' edition, 2019. 3. Text Book of Pharmaceutical lnorganic Chemistry-Theory & Practical by V. N. Rajasekaran, CBS Publisher. 2019. 4. Practical Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry by K. S. Jain, M. G. Shinde, J. N. Kadam. Nirmal Prakashan, 2020. Suggestive Digital platforms web Links: l. https:Vugcmoocs.infl!!4q!.49=iq 2. https://pharmabookhank. fi les.wordprcss.eom/20 I 9/03/l 2.1. mchern.pdf Part D- Assessment and Evaluation Suggested Continuous Evaluation methods: Internal Assessment/Formative Examination(A): 40 Marks Lab Record l5 Marks Attendance in the Lab 05 Marks Assignments (It can be in diff'erent modes) 20 Marks End Semester External Evaluation (B): 60 Marks Viva Voce on Practical l0 Marks Practical Record File l0 Marks Experiments 40 Marks Total Marks (A+B) (40 + 60:100 Marks) ffiP-k7  Government Holkar (Model, Autonomous) Science College, Indore (M.P.) Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Part A - Introduction Class - B.Sc. I Year- 2023 Session- 2023- Semester 24 Course Type (Subject) -Minor I Course Code 2 Course Title Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry-I 3 Pre - requisite (if any) To study this course, a student must have had the subject Chemistry in l2lh class. 4 Course Learning COl. Gain a basic understanding of pharmaceutical Outcomes (CLO) organic Chemistry, including the struciure, properties, and reactivity of organic compounds commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry. (Remembering) CO2. Explain the concept of stereo Chemistry including the arrangement of atoms and groups in three-dimensional space, and understand how it influences the properties and reactivity of organic compounds. Understanding) CO3. Describe the fundamental principles of reaction mechanisms in organic Chemistry, including the step-by- step processes that occur during chemical reactions, and how they determine the outcome of the reaction. (Understanding) Estd. 1 891 CO4. Identify and analyze various types of organic reactions, such as substitution, addition, elimination and understand their mechanisms and the factors that influence their outcomes. ( Understanding) CO5. Apply knowledge of organic reaction mechanisms to practical situations. ( Understanding) 5 Credit Value 04 Credits 6 Total Marks Formative Assessment (CCE) - 40 Minimum Marks Pass Marks - Summative Assessment (End Semester 35 Exam) - 60 Marks Total40+60: 100 Marks h ftp I  Part A - Introduction Year- 2023 Session - 2023-24 Course Title Pharmaceutical Organic Ctremistrv-I Part - B Content of the Course Totul ro. of l""t.r"". - Ar o Chemical Bonding Atomic and molecular orbitals, covalent bond, hybrid orbitals, intra- and inter-molecular forces, bond length and bond dissociation energy. Dipole moment, polarity of the bond, polarity of the molecule, electronegativity. Inductive effect, resonance, hyperconj ugation, hydrogen bonding. Key Word: Atomic orbitals, molecular orbitals, covalent bond, polarity. optical activity and chirality, enantiomers, diastereoisomers, meso compounds, RS configuration, absolute configuration, molecules with more than one chiral centre. Reaction of chirar molecules. Key Word: Optical isomers, absolute configuration, Racemic mixture, geometrical isomers. Synthesis and Structure of organic compounds Nomenclature, Preparation and structure of: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, cycloalkanes, Dienes, benzene, polyaromatic compounds, arenes. Alcohols, ethers, epoxides, amino-nitro_compounds, phenols, Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids. Key Words: Nomenclature, preparation, structure of organic compounds. Y W k 2&y ueob  Part A - Introduction Class - B.Sc. I Year- 2023 Session- 2023-24 Semester Course Type (Subiect) Minor Course Code Course Title Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry-I Reaction mechanism IV Reactive intermediates : carbocations, carbanions, free radical s, nitrenes and their fate and applications. Nucleophilic substitution reactions- SNI and SN2 reactions, Mechanism , order of reactivity and stereochemistry. Nucleophilic substitution reactions, Electrophilic substitution reaction" Free radical mechanism. Key Words: Organic intermediates, Nucleophilic reaction, Electrophilic reactions, Free radical mechanism. V Synthesis and applications of Organic reactions Aldol condensation, Claisen-Schmidt condensation, Cannizzarc reaction, Benzoin condensation. Witting reaction, Reformatsky reaction. Hoffmann rearrangement and Reimer- Tiemann reactions. Key Words: Name reactions, Application, Synthesis. "&, F- (\n k ? [\"N 3  Part A - Introduction Class - B.Sc. I Year- 2023 Session- 2023-24 Semester Course Tvpe (Subiect) Minor Course Code Course Title Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry-I Part - C Learning Resources Text Books, Reference Books, Other Resources Suggested Readings: Text Books: l. Organic Chemistry by I. L. Finar, Volume l. 6tl' edition, Pearson Education India. 2002. 2. Organic Chemistry Volume 2: Stereochemistry and the Chemistry Natural Product. str' edition by I. L. Finar, Pearson Education lndia.2002 3. Organic Chemistry by R. T. Morrison and R. N. Boyd, 6th edition, Pearson Education India. 2018. 4. Organic Chemistry by J. Clayden, N. Greeves, S. Warren and P. Wothers, Oxford University Press, 2001. 5. Wilson & Gisvold's Textbook of Organic Medicinal and Pharmaoeutical Chemistry by Beale, Wolters Kluwer India Pvt Ltd, 2010. Ref'erence Books: l. Benlley and Driver's Text Book of Pharmaceutical Chemistry by L. M. Atherden. Eighth edition, Oxford University Press. 2020. 2. A Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry by Peter Sykes, 6th edition, Pearson Education India, 2003. 3. Reaction mechanism in organic chemistry by S. P. Mukherjee, S. P. Singh and Rajeev Beri, Macmillan India Limited, New Delhi. Suggested Digital Platforms Web Links: l. http://ccras.nic.in/sites/defaul 2. https://pharmabookbank. 1 1 I es.wordpress.com/2019/03i 12.1.mchem_.pdf Suggested Equivalent online courses: https iiwuw jnu. ac. in. Fac ulU balaj : i Viincncl; iturc - 1.mp4 ?. G N- (tr V v 4  Part A - Introduction Class - B.Sc. I Year- 2023 Session- 2023-24 Semester Course Type (Subiect) Minor Course Code Course Title Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistn-I Part - D Assessment and Evaluation Internal Assessment: Continuous External Evaluation (Summative Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE)/ Assessment): Formative Assessment: 40 Marks End Semester Exam:60 Marks Time: 03 hours Formative Assessment shall be based on - Quiz, Seminar, Presentation, Written test, Case Study, Project, Assignment etc. The division of marks is as follows: Test I 20 Marks Section (A): 5 5x1:5 Objective Questions (1 mark each) Test lI 20 Marks Section (B): 5 Short 5 x7 :35 Best two test Questions out of Marks : (20 + eight questions (200 20) words each) (7 Marks each) Test III 20 Marks Section (C): Two 2xl0:20 long questions out of four questions ( 500 Words each) (10 Marks each) Total Internal Assessment 40 Marks Total External 60 Marks (CCE) Marks Evaluation (Theory) Marks (A+B+ C) For Major, Minor, Open Elective, Foundation and 1. Vocational Courses, Part D will be as per the scheme of marks given. Note;- The student should secure 35o marks in Internal ) Assessment (CCE) and External Evaluation (theory) combined. Ep % 6rk 5 4\t W Y>/  Government Holkar (Model, Autonomous) Science College, Indore (M.P.) Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Part A- Introduction Practicals Class: B.Sc. I Year- 2023 Session- Semester 2023-24 Course Type (Subject) -Minor Practicals I Course Code 2. Course Title Ph:rrmaceutical Organic Chernistrry-I Lab 3. Pre-requisite (if any) To study this course, a student must have had the subject Chemistry in 12lh class. 4. Course Learning Outcomes CO-l Describe about laboratory practices, hazards (cl-o) and calibration of glass wares. CO-2 Demonstrate synthesis ,structure and identifi cation of organic compounds. CO-3 Design experimental set up of various name reactions. 5. Credit Value 02 Credits Part B- Content of the Course Total no. of lectures - As per UGC rules Lab Assignments I Introduction to good laboratory practices " 2. Study of possible hazards in the laboratory. J. Study of various glass wares used in the laboratory. 4. Preparation, structure and identification of organic compounds and their derivatives: Phenols, amides, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, aldehydes and ketones, alcohols, esters, hydrocarbons, anilids. nitro- compounds " 5. Purification of organic compounds by crystallizationusing the following solvents: a. Water b. Alcohol c. Alcohol-Water 6. Determination of the melting points of above compounds and unknown organic compounds (Kjeldahl method and electrically heated melting point apparatus) 7. Effect of impurities on the rnelting point - mixed rnelting point of two unknown organic complunds 8. Determination ofboiling point of liquid compounds, (boiling point lower than and more than 100 'C by distillation and capillary method). k6 1, A& ?.- G y t'>  Part A- Introduction Practicals Class: B.Sc. I Year- 2023 Session- Semester 2023-24 Course Type (Subiect) -Minor Practicals Course Code Course Title Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry-I Lab Part C- Learning Resources Textbooks, References Books, Other resources Suggested readings: I Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry by A. H. Beckett and J. B. Stenlake, 4tr'Edition, Part-II, Continuum International Publishing Group Ltd, 2000. 2 A Practical Book of Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry by K. B. Patil, N. B. Patil and P. A. Patil, IP Innovative Publication, I'' edition. 2019. 3 Text Book of Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry-Theory & Practical by V. N. Rajasekaran, CBS Publisher. 2019. 4 Practical Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry by K. S. Jain, M. G. Shinde, J. N. Kadam, Nirmal Prakashan, 2020. Suggestive Digital platforms web Links: r https:Vugcmoocs.intlibnct.ac.in z https://pharmabookhank.files.worclprcss.eom/2019/03/12.1.mchern.pdf Part D- Assessment and Evaluation Suggested Continuous Evaluation methods: Internal Assessment/Formative Examination(A): 40 Marks Lab Record 15 Marks Attendance in the Lab 05 Marks Assignments (It can be in different modes) 20 Marks End Semester External Evaluation (B): 60 Marks Viva Voce on Practical l0 Marks Practical Record File l0 Marks Experiments 40 Marks Total Marks (A+e) (40 + 60:100 Marks) q.,ie ?..G M (tq 7 /\" wY  Government Holkar (Model, Autonomous) Science College, Indore (M.P.) Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Part A - Introduction Class - B.Sc. I Year- 2023 Session- 2023-24 Semester Course Type (Subject) -Generic Elective (Open Elective) I Course Code ) Course Title Fundamentals of Dmg Chemistrv 3 Pre - requisite (if any) To study this course, a student must have had the subject Chernistry in l2rh class. 4 Course Learning COl: Gain preliminary knowledge of Pharmaceutical Outcomes (CLO) Chemistry, its branches, and its imporlance. (Understanding) CO2: Understand the factors that influence drug distribtition and how they impact clrug efficacy and toxic ity. ( Understanding) CO3: Understand the concept of drug activity and how metabolism affects drr,rg potency, duration of action, and potentiaI adverse efl'ects. (Understanding) CO4: Understand about drug metabolism, including the enzymatic processes involved in converting drugs into metabo lites. (Understanding) CO5: Illustrate activities of NSAID's ,General anesthetics etc. 5 Credit Value 04 Credits 6 Total Marks Formative Assessment (CCE) - 40 Minimum Pass Marks Marks - 35 Summative Assessrnent (End Semester Exam) - 60 l\4arks Total 40+60: 100 N,Iarks N-- "b Y (r  Part A - Introduction Class - B.Sc. I Year- 2023 Session- 2023-24 Semester Course Type (Subject) -Generic Elective (Open Elective) I Course Code 2 Course Title Fundamentals of Drug Chemistry Part - B Content of the Course Total no. of lectures - As per UGC rules (1 Credit = 15 Lectures) S. No. Topics No. of Lectures Concept of drug I Introduction of drugs, Introduction of Ayurveda, Nomenclature of drugs, Classification of drugs on the basis of sources (Natural -Plants, animals, Microorganisms, Minerals, Marine, Geographical origin and Synthetic drugs), Introduction to IP, BP, USP and Extra Pharmacopoeia. Key Word: IP, pharmacopeia, Ayurveda, drugs, natural drugs Routes of drug administration II Oral route, Sublingual and Rectal route, Injection routes (lntravenous, Intramuscular, Subcutaneous, Intra- arterial. Intra-articular, Intra thecal, Intra dermal), Vaginal route, Ocular route, Optic route, Nasal route, Inhalation route, Nebulization route, Cutaneous route and trans dermal route, Advantages and disadvantages of all the mentioned routes. Key Word: Ocular route, drug administration, Nasal route, trans dermal route ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) Modes of drug absorption (active, passive and Facilitated), III Basic concepts about distribution of drugs, bio- transformation of drugs, Excretion of drugs, Mechanism of drug action, Factors modifuing drug effects, Drug toxicity, Methods of prolonging drug action, Drug Assay. Key Words: Drug absorption, ADME, drug mechanism, qy,k 29,-% Y drug assay {\9>-  Part A - Introduction Class - B.Sc. I Year- 2023 Session- 2023-24 Semester Course Type (Subject) -Open Elective Course Code Course Title Fundamentals of Drug Chemistry Drug Design- Introduction, Analogues and pro drugs, IV Concept oflead prodrugs, Soft drugs, Factors governing drug design, Rational approach to drug design, Drug design and development, Molecular Hybridi zation, Tailoring of drugs. Key Words: Analogues, Pro drugs, Drug design, Molecular Hybridization, soft drugs. Activity of drug V Introduction of some common drugs with their classification and example of one drug each: Analgesics, Anti-lnflammatory and Antipyretic, Local and General Anesthetic, Sedatives, hypnotics, Cardiovascular drugs, Diuretics, Antineoplastic Agents, Antibiotics. Key Words: Analgesics, Antibiotics. S- k Y 3  Part A - Introduction Class - B.Sc. I Year- 2023 Session- 2023-24 Semester Course Tvpe (Subiect) -Open Elective Course Code Course Title Fundamentals of Drug Chemistrry Part - C Learning Resources Text Books, Reference Books, Other Resources Suggested Readings: Text Books: l. Ashutosh kar Phannaceutical Drug analysis, New Age International. 2. G.R.Chatwal, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Inorganic Vo1. I. Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai. 3. Kokate Purohit, Gokhle Text Book of Pharmacognosy Nirali Publication. 4. Dr. J. L. Jain. Fundamentals of Biochemistry, S. Chand & Company Ltd. New Delhi. 5. F.S.K. Barar. Essentials of Pharmacotherapeutics S. Chand & Company Ltd. New Delhi. Reference Books: 1.R. S. Gaud &. Dr. G.D. Gupta. Practical Pharmaceutics, CBS Publishers and Distributors. Nerv Delhi. 2. N.C.Choudhary and N. I(.Gurbani, Pharmaceutical chemistry, Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi. 3. N. K.. Jain, Textbook of Professional Phamacy Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi 4. GerhaTd Nahler Dictionary of Pharmaceutical Medicines Springer-Verlag. Suggested Digital Platforms Web Links: l. https://cd sco.aov.in/opcnems/opencms/en/Home/, 2. https: I I cdscoonline.Lio inlCD S CO/Guide fines 3. http://v\\vw. dru