Browning American Education PDF

Browning American education American’s form of colonial domination came with a more systematic effort to reform and incorporate American values in the Filipino way of life, shifting the Philippines’ gender order. Educational Philosophy and Theory 7 The ceding of the Philippines to America through th...

Browning American education American’s form of colonial domination came with a more systematic effort to reform and incorporate American values in the Filipino way of life, shifting the Philippines’ gender order. Educational Philosophy and Theory 7 The ceding of the Philippines to America through the 1898 Treaty of Paris frustrated the revolutionary leaders’ efforts towards independence. The Americans saw the Filipinos as unfit for self-government (Hoganson, 1998), which justified the American’s policy of ‘benevolent assimilation’—a policy instigated by the then-American president, William McKinley. The Americans professed the Spanish regime’s incompetence and the supposed mental infancy of the colony they left behind. They took it upon themselves to lead the Filipinos, their newly acquired ‘little brown brothers’ (Kramer, 2006) about American life and imbibing American values. The Americans used education and military pursuits to mould men’s minds (Constantino, 1966). This technique rapidly expanded the reach of higher education during the early part of American colonial’s rule. Massed education, military kinship, the feminisation of specific industries, and the colonial narrative espoused about Filipino men became the American’s legacy for Philippine university education. The ideal result was a Filipino people who would become subservient to the Americans, so the imperial agenda of capital expansion and wealth accumulation could continue unquestioned (Eviota, 1992).