Medicinal Plants (PHG 101) Lab Notes PDF

Medicinal Plants (PHG 101) First year Students Lab (1) Pharmacognosy Department  Practical Grading System 15 Three Quizzes ‫األعمال الفصلية‬ 5 5 Herbarium...

Medicinal Plants (PHG 101) First year Students Lab (1) Pharmacognosy Department  Practical Grading System 15 Three Quizzes ‫األعمال الفصلية‬ 5 5 Herbarium Attendance activity 40 & Behavior 10 5 Practical exam Practical exam (1) (2)  ‫الغياب‬ ‫‪ 4‬معامل‬ ‫‪ 3‬معامل‬ ‫محروم‬ ‫معرض للحرمان‬  Dusting Powders (Fine powders) Starches Non- Starches 1- Potato Starch 2- Wheat Starch 3- Maize Starch 4- Rice Starch - It is the principal food material of plants, stored..in seeds, fruits , tubers and roots. - It is the first product of photosynthesis.  Uses (Importance) of starches: 1- Nutrient in infant food. 2- Diluent, filler or disintegrating agent in …. tablet manufacture. 3- Antidote in the treatment of iodine poisoning. 4- Sterilizable maize starch is used as lubricant for surgeons’ gloves.  Starches - Chemical composition of starch: Starch granules are polysaccharide in nature. - Reaction to iodine : Bluish violet colour  Potato Starch 1- Origin of potato starch: Polysaccharide granules obtained from the stem tubers of Solanum tuberosum Family Solanaceae.  Potato Starch 2- Physical characters: Condition : Fine Powder Colour : White Odour : Odourless Taste : Starchy Homogeneity : Homogenous Touch : Smooth  Potato Starch 3- Preliminary chemical tests: Effect of cold water: Insoluble Bluish violet colour Effect of iodine: Colour disappears Cool Bluish violet colour Colour disappears Colour reappears  Potato Starch 4- Microscopical Examination: 1- Shape : - Oval - Elliptical - Rounded - Triangular -Pyramidal  Potato Starch 4- Microscopical Examination: 2- Size : Large Present, distinct, 3- Hilum : eccentric, pointed Hilum  Potato Starch 4- Microscopical Examination: Present, distinct, 4- Striations : concentric rings.  Potato Starch 4- Microscopical Examination: Simple, compound (2,3), 5- Aggregation : Semi compound Simple Compound (2,3) Semi compound  Potato Starch 5- Confirmatory chemical Test: Bluish violet colour Iodine test (I2): Colour disappears Cool Colour reappears Potato ( Low Power)  Eccentric hilum Concentric striations Potato (High Power) Oval Pyramidal Triangular Potato High Power  Oval elliptical Potato High Power  Potato High Power compound granule (3) Potato High Power compound granule (2) Semi compound granule Potato High Power Potato High Power Stained with dil. iodine  Medicinal Plants (PHG 101) First year Students Lab (2) Pharmacognosy Department  Dusting Powders (Fine powders) Starches Non- Starches 1- Potato Starch 2- Wheat Starch 3- Maize Starch 4- Rice Starch - It is the principal food material of plants, store d..in seeds, fruits , tubers and roots. - It is the first product of photosynthesis.  Wheat Maize Rice Starch Starch Starch 1-Origin Polysaccharide granules obtained from the endosperm of the grains of Triticum Oryza Zea mays vulgare sativa Family Gramineae  Wheat Maize Rice Starch Starch Starch 2- Physical characters: Condition : Fine Powder Colour : White Odour : Odourless Taste : Starchy Homogeneity Homogenous Touch : Smooth Gritty  Wheat Maize Rice Starch Starch Starch 3- Preliminary chemical tests: Effect of cold H2O : Insoluble Bluish violet colour Effect of I2 : Colour disappears Cool Colour reappears  Wheat Maize Rice Starch Starch Starch 4- Microscopical Examination : -Oval Polyhedral Polyhedral -Rounded with rounded with Sharp 1- Shape angles angles -Lenticular from a side view (S.V.)  Wheat Starch Maize Starch Rice Starch 4- Microscopical Examination : 2-Size: Medium Small Present, Present, Absent 3-Hilum: faint, centric, distinct, except in Pointed (linear centric, large in side view) cleft or simple fissured granule Hilum  Wheat Maize Rice Starch Starch Starch 4- Microscopical Examination : Present, 4- Striations: faint Absent concentric rings  Wheat Maize Rice Starch Starch Starch 4- Microscopical Examination : Mostly 5- Aggregation: Mostly simple, compound, rarely compound rarely simple  Wheat Maize Rice Starch Starch Starch 5- Confirmatory chemical Test: Bluish violet colour Iodine test : Colour disappears Cool Colour reappears Wheat Wheat (Low power) Wheat (High power) Wheat H.P. Linear hilum Wheat (High power), side view Wheat (High power) Stained with dil. iodine Maize Maize (Low power)  Cleft hilum Fissured hilum Maize (High power) Maize (High power), Stained with dil. iodine Rice Rice (Low power) Rice (High power) Rice (High power) stained with dil. Iodine. Maize H.P. Rice H.P. Medicinal plants (PHG 101) First Year Students Lab (3) II- Non-Starches 1. Kieselguhr (Diatoms) (‫)دياتوم‬ Origin: A mineral consisting of the entirely siliceous skeleton of fossil (‫ )حفرية‬diatoms, family: Bacillariaceae. Physical characters: 1.Condition: fine powder. 2.Color: white. Uses: 1. Insecticide. 3.Odour: odourless. 4.Taste: tasteless. 2. Toothpaste. 5.Touch: smooth. Confirmatory tests: No confirmatory chemical tests. Microscopical examination: Description: 1) Frustules (outer skeleton of diatom) each consisting of 2 valves (the outer is slightly bigger than the inner) having sculptures. ✓ Frustules can be found in: - Pinnate form. - Discoid form (circular, oblong, oval & triangular). 2) Honey comb form. 3) Spongy spicules.  Kieselguhr Honey-comb like structure ‫‪2. Talc‬‬ ‫)التلك(‬ Origin: The rocky deposits of purified native hydrated Mg trisilicate. Physical characters: 1.Condition: fine powder. 2.Color: white. 3.Odour: odorless. Uses: Lubricant. 4.Taste: tasteless. 5.Touch: soapy. 6.Homogeneity: homogenous. Confirmatory tests: No confirmatory tests. Test for floating properties Microscopical examination: Description: ✓ Fine transparent plates, with various shapes & sizes, with sharp jagged (‫)مسننننننرشروم ر ننننننر‬ and laminated (‫ )رقيق‬edges. Talc ‫‪3. Chalk‬‬ ‫)الطبا ير(‬ Origin: A chemical compound obtained from reaction between CaCl2 + Na2CO3 to yield CaCO3 that may be Heavy chalk (by reaction on hot) Light chalk (by reaction on cold) Physical characters: 1.Condition: fine powder. 2.Color: white. 3.Odour: odorless. 4.Taste: chalky. 5.Touch: smooth. 6.Homogeneity: homogenous. Uses: Antacid. Microscopical examination: Description: ✓ Micro (light) and macrocrystal (heavy) of different shapes and sizes found aggregated or scattered. Revision on Lab 1, 2, 3