Body Systems PDF

Lymphatic System: belongs to circulatory functions: collect leaked fluids , filter fluid, immune cells in lymph nodes help against pathogens swollen galnds: lymph nodes thymus: white mature spllen0 cleanses blood harbors phagocytes Tonsils/adenoids- antibodies Muscular SYstem: movement, maintai...

Lymphatic System: belongs to circulatory functions: collect leaked fluids , filter fluid, immune cells in lymph nodes help against pathogens swollen galnds: lymph nodes thymus: white mature spllen0 cleanses blood harbors phagocytes Tonsils/adenoids- antibodies Muscular SYstem: movement, maintains posture, stabilizes joints, generates heat. types: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac skeletal: attached to bones with tendons, voluntary movement, are striated( looks striped), rapid contration, many nuclei Smooth: found in walls of hollow structures( stomach, blood vessels…) Involuntary ( no conscious control), no striation, no branching, SMOOTHED OUT, contractions are slow Cardiac Muscle: ONLY HEART, nvoluntary, striated, branches, one/two uclei per cell Muscle contract-slide over, NEED CALCIUM, sliding filament thoery, strengt of contraction=# of muscle cell activated, ENERGY BY ATP Neruons attach to muscles at neuromuscular jumction neurons release acetylcholine- calcium, muscle&bones connected with tendons. one relaxes, one contracts, both= cramps nervous system: Transmits signals, Central nervous system- brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous- peripheral nerves Autonomic Nervous (involuntary); CNS to caridac and smooth muscles, sympathetic-fight/flight mechanism, parasympathetic- housekeep, Somatic (voluntary) : CNS to skeletal muscles Nervous System: composed of neruons: send signlas along their axon to dendrites, connection of two neurons- synapse, Pump generate currents and neurotransmitter released Cerebrum( top of brain): controls voluntary, thought, leraning, memory. Cerebellum(belly looking)- coordination and balance Brain stem: bottom stick, medulla oblongata and pons controls blood…, swalling (important involuntary actions) Thalamus: relays sensory information, (top ) Hypothalamus- controls hunger, body temp, etc. (bottom) Reproductive System: Begins when hypothalamus signals pituitary to produce two GONADOTROPINS: FSH, and LH ( hormones stimulate gonads to produc more testosterone/estrogen) Male: testosterone, testosterone and FSH= sprm: haploid cells, short-lived, produced very large quatities. Testes- sperm produced in seminiferous tubules Scrotum- protects Vas deferens- tube connecting testicles to urthra, Urethra_ sperm then travel throguh urethra after deferns. vasectomy: jueyu, cant produce sperm no more Female: ovaries: egg are produced and stored, 2 ova released both ferilized: twins, Fallopan tubes: connects ovaries to uterus, fertilization Uterus: baby Fertilization: nucei of two cells fuse: a zygote, then implant into lining of the uterus: zygote to recieve nurtients , then placenta , uterus shed: menstruation, 28 days. Respiratory SystemL Oxygen used by cells in cellular repsiration to make ATP, GAS EXCHANGE, epiglottis: keeps food out of respiratory tract. Larynx: voice box, trachea: textured pipe, Pleura- protective coat Bronchus: two big from pipe, Bronchi: the growing from the bronchus, broncbioles; smalled tubes, then small air sacs: alveoli Inahle: air into, exhale: out Medulla oblongata(brain stem: detects levels of CO2 in blood, controls rate of breathing Skeletal System: Functions: support body, protect organs, ovement, stores minerals(calcium), FORMS BLOOD CELLS Axial (green)and appendicular (purple) Bones conssit living cells by minerals Periosteum: outer layer of connective tissue Compact bone: haversian canals( contain blood vessels and nerves) Spongy bone: strength Bone marrow: red marrow: red blood cells, yellow: fat Cartilage to bone=ossiffication done by cells called osteoblasts Ball and socket: shoulder and hip(greatest range of movement) Hinge: elbows and knees(back and forth) Cliding, forearm lower leg, wrist joint(circle) (no friction) Pivot: atlas and axis bones( rotating) Immovable: tightly joined, skull