Body Fluids PDF

Benign Cells of Body Fluids Outlines Pleural Fluid Peritoneal fluid Pericardial Fluid CSF Synovial Fluid Amniotic Fluid Sputum Urine L. Manal Mohamed Elagib  Body Fluids ▪ Serous fluids ▪ Lined by two membranes refere...

Benign Cells of Body Fluids Outlines Pleural Fluid Peritoneal fluid Pericardial Fluid CSF Synovial Fluid Amniotic Fluid Sputum Urine L. Manal Mohamed Elagib  Body Fluids ▪ Serous fluids ▪ Lined by two membranes refereed to as the serous membrane lines the cavity wall (parietal membrane) , and the other covers the organs within the cavity (visceral membrane). ▪ The fluid between the membranes which provides lubrication as the surface move against each other is called serous fluid. Con Normally only a small amount of serous fluid is present, because production and absorption take place at a constant rate. Serous fluids are pleural, pericardial and peritoneal. Abundant fluid is usually collected , there fore, suitable specimens are available for each section of the laboratory. An anti-coagulated specimen is needed for cell count , a sterile needed for culture. General lab procedure Classification as a transudates or exudates Appearance Cell count & differential Chemistry & microbiology procedures are performed in the same manner on all serous fluids. Pleural fluid Found between visceral and parietal pleura. It is normally a bout 1-10 ml. Moistening the pleural surface. n increased volume is called effusion. Pleural effusion accumulation of excess fluid within the pleural space in response to injury , inflammation , or both. Pleural fluid analysis Gross Appearance. Cell count & differential. Gram stain ,culture & sensitivity. Cytology LDH protein Glucose &amylase Pleural fluid Normal appearance : clear , pale yellow. Turbidity : white blood cells and micro organisms. Blood : traumatic injury, malignancy. Neutrophils : bacterial infection. Lymphocytes : T B, malignancy. thorancentesis Also known as thoracocentesis sis or pleural tap. Is an invasive procedure to remove fluid or air from the pleural space for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. A cannula , or hollow needle is carefully introduced into the thorax , generally after administration of local anesthesia. Pleural effusion donot require thorancentesis:- 1-underling C H F 2-afterrecent thoracic or abdominal surgery. Transudate &Exudate Exudates are produced by condition that directly involve the membranes of the particular cavity , including infections , malignancies ,inflammatory process. Transudates can be thought of as resulting from a mechanical process. Transudate & Exudate transudate Exudate Appearance : clear/ watery. Cloudy. Specific gravity: 1.015. Total protein : 3.0 g /dl LDH : 200 I U. Cell count : 1000mm. Cells : few benign Many can be malignant Clot : No Yes. Transudate & Exudate transudate exudate Color less, clear, odorless High protein &LDH Low protein Para neumonic , infection , WBCs< 1000/mm malignancy, GI disease , TB & pulmonary embolism(PE). CHF, cirrhosis , nephrotic syndrome, hypoalbuminemia & SG 0.6. Pleural LDH > 200. Pleural fluid glucose 500/mm Neutrophil >50% Eosinophil >10% Cerebro Spinal Fluid CSF is formed in the choroid plexuses (70%) by combined process of active transport and ultrafiltration. CSF flows through the subarachnoid space between the arachnoid & piamater surrounds the brain and spinal cord. CSF: protect the brain & spinal cord. Collect waste Circulates nutrients. Cushion &lubricates the CNS. CSF composition Pressure: 80- 150 mm. Normal volume :90 -150 ml Appearance :clear , colorless , no coagulum or deposit. S GR :1.006 -1.007. Protein content : 0.15 – 0.45g/l. Glucose : 45 -100 mg/dl. Cells :lymphocyte , Eosinophil ,Basophil and Ependymal (lining CNS) Collection: CSF is collected by a sterile lumber puncture between 3 , 4 ,5 , lamber vertebrae from the subarachnoid space of meningeal covering. CSF Importance Indication are mainly possible cases of CNS infections , malignancies ,& hemorrhage in the brain and spinal cord. Indications: Meningitis and encephalitis …viral , bacterial , fungal or parasitic infection. Metastatic tumors(leukemia) and CNS tumors that shed cells into the CSF. Syphilis Bleeding in the brain and spinal cord Synovial fluid Found around joints such as knee , ankle , hip , elbow , wriste & shoulders. Secreted by the cells of the synovial membrane in the joints. Function Supplies nutrients to the cartilage Act as a lubricant for the free movement Clinical significance Infection , hemorrhage , arthritis , inflammatory diseases &gout. Con The composition resembles other fluid in addition it contains mucopolysaccarides &hyaluronic acid. Cells: Neutrophil