Body Fluids PDF - Medical Microbiology

Body fluids ‫الفصل الدراسي السابع – مختبرات طبية – تخصص أحياء مجهرية‬ They known as serous because they are like serum. They are either to be: (1) Transudate: Non infected, not containing inflammatory cells and no microorganisms. (2) Exudate: Infected fluid, containing num...

Body fluids ‫الفصل الدراسي السابع – مختبرات طبية – تخصص أحياء مجهرية‬ They known as serous because they are like serum. They are either to be: (1) Transudate: Non infected, not containing inflammatory cells and no microorganisms. (2) Exudate: Infected fluid, containing numerous inflammatory cells and causative agents. The serous fluid include: (1) Pleural fluid. (2) Peritoneal (Ascetic) fluid. (3) Pericardial fluid. (4) Synovial (joint) fluid. (5) Hydrocele fluid. The fluids are normally sterile so any pathogen isolated is significant if the process done under aseptic condition. (1) Pleural fluid It is fluid fill the pleural cavity between the lung and the inner chest wall, and it is non-purulent pleural effusion. Empyema: refer to the purulent infected pleural effusion containing inflammatory cells (PMN cells) and microorganisms. This caused by: Pneumonia, TB, other pulmonary infection, malignancy, lymphoma, SLE, amoebic liver abscess and rheumatoid disease. 1  (2) Peritoneal fluid It is fluid found in the peritoneal cavity. Peritoneum: is membrane covered an internal organ. Mode of infection: 1- Perforation of bowel. 2- External inoculation (surgery-wound-trauma). 3- By blood stream. 4- As a complication of pelvic inflammatory disease. 5- Through infection within the abdominal viscera. Ascites: is an increased amount of peritoneal effusion, usually caused by enterococci, Clostridia and Mycobacterium. Aeitology: In children : Pneumococci, S. pyogens, Enterobacteria and Staphylococci. In adult: E. coli, B. fragilis, Clostridia and Streptococci and Enterococci. 2  (3) Pericardial fluid It is the fluid found in the pericardial space between pericardium (it is tissue surround & protect the heart and major blood vessel), and epicardium (it is the membrane sac covered the heart muscle) and it is about 15-20 ml. Aetiology: Bacteria: Mycoplasma, Mycobacteria, Chlamydia, S.aureus ,Pneumococci,viridans strept, Enterococci and Enterobacteria. Fungi: Candida, Aspergillus and C. neoformans. Viral: Enterovirus, Echovirus, Adenovirus and Influenza virus. Also by malignancy, SLE, trauma, uraemia & rheumatic fever. 3  (4) Synovial (join) fluid It is fluid that fill the joins. Synovitis: is the inflammation of the synovial membrane that lining the joints. Ostemytitis: is the infection of bone. Arthritis: is the infection of joints and its two types: Infective arthritis: due to infection. Reactive arthritis: due to Ag-Ab reaction. Mode of infection: 1- Haematogenous spread of bacteria or fungi. 2- Extend from the infection of bone. 3- Injection of drugs (corticosteroid). Aetiology: S. aureus, N. gonorrhoea, H. influenzae, E.coli, B. fragelis, Actinomycetes, Clostridia, Mycoplasma, Pneumococci, Streptococci (viridans, group A & B) 4  (5) Hydrocele fluid Found in the sac surround the testes. Collect in certain infection like W bancrofti. 5