Blood Lecture 1 PDF

Composition and functions of blood  COMPOSITION OF BLOOD 1. Plasma 2. Cellular components Water 90% Red Blood Cells Inorganic substances:0.9%(NaCL & HCO3) Whit...

Composition and functions of blood  COMPOSITION OF BLOOD 1. Plasma 2. Cellular components Water 90% Red Blood Cells Inorganic substances:0.9%(NaCL & HCO3) White Blood Cells Plasma proteins: 7.1 gm% Platelets (Albumin, globulin, Fibrinogen and prothrombin) Organic nutritive substances & waste products, hormones, enzymes, vitamins. 2%  FUNCTIONS OF THE BLOOD 1- Transport 2- Homoeostasis 3- Protecting the body against infections ✓ O2 ✓ Regulation of body temperature ✓ White Blood Cells ✓ Nutrient ✓ Regulation pH ✓ Antibodies ✓ CO2 ✓ waste product 4- Blood clotting prevent blood loss ✓ Hormones HAEMATOCRIT VALUE (ratio) (HV) = Packed cell volume (PCV) It is a percentage ratio of red blood cells in blood. i.e. Total ratio of RBCs to total blood volume. Normal H.V values: 47% 42% 40% for for for adult adult children male female The haematocrit value = The packed cell volume PCV. Factors Affecting PCV  It is the fluid portion of blood. The normal plasma volume is about 5% of body weight (about 3500 ml in 70 kg man). Colour: yellow Viscosity: 2 times that of water. The Plasma Sp. Gr. :1030 pH:7.4 Osmotic pressure: 290 m.os mol. Crystalloid os.pr = 5000 mmHg. Colloids os.pr (proteins) = 25 mmHg.  The Plasma Composition of plasma: 90% water. 9% solids (7% proteins, 2% inorganic salt, Nacl, HCO3). Types of plasma protein: Albumin (4.8 g/100ml). Globulin (2.3 g/100ml). Total (7.4 g/100ml) Fibrinogen (0.3 g/100ml).  ALBUMIN Small MW (69000), synthesis in the liver. Functions: Account of 80-90% of the colloid osmotic pressure. Important in the formation, absorption of tissue fluid. Transportation of Ca, sulphonamides & bilirubin. Hypoalbuminemia: (