Blood 6 - Immune System PDF

Blood 6 White Blood Cells Note, Human Physiology has a chapter on Blood and a chapter on the Immune System PL1400 and PL1001  Learning Outcomes List the various types of White Blood Cells List the various Granulocytes, and describe their funct...

Blood 6 White Blood Cells Note, Human Physiology has a chapter on Blood and a chapter on the Immune System PL1400 and PL1001  Learning Outcomes List the various types of White Blood Cells List the various Granulocytes, and describe their functions List the various Agranulocytes, and describe their functions Figure 11.8 Granulocytes and Agranulocytes 5-9,000/ul Secretions include Interleukins; TNFα; prostaglandins; bradykinin  Lymphocytes NK Cells Immunological surveillance, cytotoxic cells, non-specific, for viruses, bacteria, parasites, tumour cells etc B Cells B Lymphocytes produce Antibodies (plasma cells) which bind to antigens This makes the antigen (the enemy!) recognizable to the immune system so it can be destroyed Opsonisation Classes of T Lymphocytes TH Cells - T helper cells TC Cells - T cytotoxic cells /killer cells TS Cells - T supressor cells /regulatory cells  The Immune System - Immunity: A state of resistance against infection from a particular pathogen - Antigen: Immune system normally recognises “foreign” i.e. non-self from “self” antigens - Immune system detects presence of antigens and initiates a complex series of steps designed to neutralise them - 2 basic types of immunity Non specific (Innate) & Specific (Adaptive)  Blood 6 Immunity: PL1400 & PL1001  Learning Outcomes What are the main components of Innate Immunity Outline the main events that occur during the inflammatory response How do white blood cells contribute to Innate immunity How do white blood cells contribute to Adaptive Immunity Describe the features of acquired active immunity Describe the features of acquired passive immunity  The Immune System - Immunity: A state of resistance against infection from a particular pathogen - Antigen: Immune system normally recognises “foreign” i.e. non-self from “self” antigens - Immune system detects presence of antigens and initiates a complex series of steps designed to neutralise them - The Immune system provides 2 basic types of immunity Non specific (Innate) & Specific (Adaptive)  NON-SPECIFIC/ INNATE IMMUNITY There is a lot of succinct information on this slide! Skin very important from birth as a first line defense Respiratory Tract: GIT: IgA antibodies in saliva and all along the tract: Acidic pH of stomach will destroy many pathogens:  The Inflammatory Response Abscess with pus surrounded by reddened area Pain, Redness, Swelling, Heat The Inflammatory Response A component of innate/non-specific immunity Function as a localised “battleground”! C reactive Protein (CRP) increases as part of the IR very useful as a diagnostic marker for infection IL-1 and IL-6 from macrophages target the Hypothalamus > fever > many benefits but care in the very young Figure 14.11 SPECIFIC IMMUNITY There is a lot of succinct information on this slide! Figure 14.16 Primary and Secondary Immune Response Primary response takes time (first exposure to new antigen secondary response much faster and more extensive as memory cells are now doing their job!