Biology Lab Quiz #2 Review PDF

Lab 4: Examples of monosaccharides = glucose and fructose Examples of polysaccharides = cellulose and starch Examples of disaccharides = sucrose, maltose, and lactose Micronutrients = substances that the body needs only in small amounts Macronutrients = substances that the body needs only in large a...

Lab 4: Examples of monosaccharides = glucose and fructose Examples of polysaccharides = cellulose and starch Examples of disaccharides = sucrose, maltose, and lactose Micronutrients = substances that the body needs only in small amounts Macronutrients = substances that the body needs only in large amounts Simple sugars = carbohydrates made up of 1 or 2 sugar units Complex carbohydrates = have long chains of sugar Starch is a polymer of glucose Animal starch = glycogen Metabolism = breaks down carbohydrates in humans Cellulose is a polysaccharide that cannot be digested by humans Examples of unsaturated fats = oil Examples of saturated fats = triglyceride Examples of trans fats = meats and diary (natural) / fried foods (industrial) Saturated fats = all its carbons are bonded by 4 other bonds Unsaturated fats = has at least 1 double bond; at least 2 carbons are bonded to 3 other atoms; not packed close together (liquid) Trans fats = has double bonds; solid at room temperature Benedict test = test for the presence of reducing sugar; positive result is a brick red precipitate forming Iodine test = test for the presence of starch; positive results are a purple/black precipitate form Oil red O test = test for the presence of lipids; positive result is a separation of layers or red drops not mixing in Dehydration synthesis = an enzyme binds two monomers, releasing a water molecule Binds two monosaccharides, forming a disaccharide Hydrolysis = breaks polymers into monomers Separates disaccharides into monosaccharides Lab 5: Biuret test = detects proteins by detecting the presence of peptide bonds; positive result is a purple color; negative result is a blue color Intensity of the purple color is determined by the amount of proteins DNA isolation from banana: Mechanical mashing = breaks up the cell walls Salt solution = helps the DNA to aggregate (clump together) Detergent = dissolves the lipids and nuclear membranes in the cell and releases DNA into salt solution Cold ethanol = precipitates the DNA Lab 6: Beer-Lambert law = relationship between the attenuation (reduction) of light through a substance and the properties of that substance A = EBC A = absorbance at a given wavelength of light E = a constant B = path length C = concentration of the solution As the transmittance of a sample decreases, its absorbance increase (the more light a sample absorbs, the less light passes through it) 0 absorbance = 100% transmittance 1 absorbance = 10% transmittance