Biology English Past Paper 2023-2024 PDF

26 Kurdistan Region Government- Iraq In the Name of Allah Subject: BIOLOGY Fingerprint Ministry of Education-High Committee of General Examinations Time: 3.5 hours 116-The event shown in the adjacent figure activates which o...

26 Kurdistan Region Government- Iraq In the Name of Allah Subject: BIOLOGY Fingerprint Ministry of Education-High Committee of General Examinations Time: 3.5 hours 116-The event shown in the adjacent figure activates which of the following?:- General exams for preparatory stage (scientific) For the academic year(2023-2024) First Sitting SN: 5000001 12th Grade A Erbil A-cytotoxic T cells B- macrophage Note: choose the correct answer: (2 marks for each right answer) C-the complement system 1-Which of the following does not contain cartilage in its structure? D- B cells A-the epiphyseal plate B-the outer ear C-the inner layer of the arteries D-the epiglottis 17-The cell-mediated immune response differs from the humoral immune response in that the cell-mediated 2-The two body cavities which separated by the diaphragm are: - immune response: - A-needs to recognize antigens B- more than one type of T cell is involved A- thoracic cavity and spinal cavity B- cranial cavity and spinal cavity C-needs to activate the helper T cell D- at first needs to engulf a pathogen by the macrophage C- thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity D- abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity 3-All of the following happen in the muscular contraction process EXCEPT: - 18-HIV is transmitted by the transfer of body fluids containing................to a healthy body. A-HIV B-anti-HIV antibodies C- HIV-infected cells D-both (A and C) are correct A- a nerve impulse stimulates the muscle to contract B- the actin filaments slide between the myosin filaments 19-The phase I (first) of HIV infection is similar to the phase II (second) of HIV infection in that in both phases: - C- the actin filaments’ heads attach to points between the beds of the myosin filaments A- HIV-infected people feel well B- the HIV replicates D- the myosin heads bend inward, pulling the actin with them C- lymph glands become swollen D-Helper T cells cannot stimulate B cells and cytotoxic T cells 4-In the arm the flexor muscle differs from the extensor muscle in that the flexor muscle: - 20-In the adjacent graph, the letter(s) that point(s) to the part of the A-has an origin point on the scapula B-moves bones by pulling them graph through which the sodium ion channels open is(are): - C-when it is in a state of relaxation, the limb straightens D-its cells contain many nuclei A- only X 5-The similarity between the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton is that both skeletons contain: - A- red bone marrow B-yellow bone marrow C-a movable joint D-both (A and C) are correct B- X and Y 6-Which of the following is a characteristic of the semimovable joints? C- only Y A-they securely connect the boney plates in the skull B-allow the body to bend and twist D- X and Z C-allow to turn the head from side to side D-All of them are correct 7-in rheumatoid arthritis: - 21-In a synapse, when an action potential reaches the axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron, the vesicles A-the joint cartilage becomes thinner and rougher B-the joints become inflamed, swollen, stiff and deformed fuse with the: - A- presynaptic membrane B- receptor proteins on the presynaptic membrane C-the immune system begins to attack body tissues D-both (B + C) are correct C- postsynaptic membrane D- reuptake receptors on the postsynaptic membrane 8-Which of the following is a function of the circulatory system? 22-referring to the adjacent figure that shows a cerebral hemisphere, the nerve A-helps maintain a constant body temperature B-transports nutrients, hormones, and gases impulses from the specialized mechanoreceptors are interpreted in the: - C-returning fluids that have collected in the tissues to the blood stream D-All of them are correct A-only 1 9-In the adjacent figure ,which of the following numbers point to the valves that B- 1 and 2 prevent the oxygenated blood from flowing back in a wrong direction? C- 1, 2 and 3 A- 2 and 3 D- only 2 B- 1 and 4 23-Interneurons: - C- 1 and 2 A-are found in the spinal cord B-produce the myelin sheath around the axon of the nerve cell D- 3 and 4 C- relay information between other neurons D-both (A and C) are correct 10-In the pulmonary circulation the ……………sends the blood to the lungs. 24-In the process of hearing, which of the following causes movement of the bottom membrane in the middle chamber? A-vibrations of fluid in the cochlea B-bending the hair cells against the membrane covering them A- aorta B- pulmonary artery C-pulmonary vein D-superior vena cava C-the movement of the calcium carbonate particles D- vibrations of fluid in the semicircular canals 11-Blood is composed of:- 25-Which of the following adjust the shape of the lens to bend the rays of the incoming light? (1-the plasma , 2-red blood cells , 3-white blood cells , 4-platelets) A-muscles in the pigmented iris B- muscles attached to the lens C-retina D- cornea A-only 1 , 2 ,3 B- only 2 , 3 , 4 C- 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 D-only 1 , 4 26-Drinking alcohol causes all of the following EXCEPT: - 12-If an individual’s red blood cells carry on its surfaces an A antigen and a B antigen and cannot produce A-dehydration B- decreasing in the body temperature C- addiction D- chronic bronchitis anti-Rh antibodies, this individual can give blood to an individual with type………. blood. 27-Which of the following is a psychoactive drug? A- (B+) B- (A-) C- (AB+) D- (AB-) A-acetylcholine B- nicotine C- tars D- dopamine 13-four hemoglobin molecules can carry …………molecules of oxygen. 28-The hypothalamus responds to: - A- 2 B- 4 C- 8 D- 16 A-blood concentrations of circulating hormones B- the signals coming from other brain regions 14-All of the following are nonspecific defenses EXCEPT: - C-by issuing instructions in the form of hormones to the pituitary gland D- All of them are correct A-stomach acids B- mucus C- cytokines D- waxes 29-Each adrenal gland: - A-has medulla and cortex , both of them function as separate endocrine glands 15-Which of the following is correct about interferon? B- secretion of its hormones is controlled only by the nervous system C-secretes only steroid hormones A-a protein released by cells infected with virus B-forms a ring shaped structure D- secretion of its hormones is regulated only by hormones in the anterior pituitary C-punctures the membranes of infected cells D-All of them are correct 0001 30-In the mechanism of the action of amino acid-based hormones, which of the following activates an 44-Based on the adjacent table, in which enzyme that converts ATP to cyclic AMP? of the Oswald Avery and his colleagues A- the receptor protein for the hormone B- hormone-receptor complex C-first messenger D-second messenger the mice survived? 31-Which of the following is considered as a chemical messenger and is not secreted by the nervous A-1 and 2 system? A-epinephrine B- acetaminophen C- endorphins D- enkephalins B-only 2 32-Referring to the adjacent figure ,which shows the structure of the female C-1 and 3 reproductive system, choose the correct answer from the following:- D-only 3 A- 1 , 2 and 3 are structures of this system 45-The ribosomal RNA:- A- transfers amino acids to the ribosome to make a protein. B- 1 and 2 are structures of this system B-carries the instructions from a gene to make a protein. C-is part of the structure of ribosomes D-contains the nitrogenous base thymine. C- 1 and 3 are structures of this system 46-Which of the following is incorrect about the process of the DNA replication? D-only 3 is a structure of this system A-only a part of the two strands of DNA unwinds 33-The testes develop within …………before a male is born. B-helicases move along the DNA molecule breaking the hydrogen bonds between the complementary nitrogenous bases A-the abdominal cavity B-an external sac C-the pelvic cavity D-an external sac in the abdominal cavity C- each original strand serves as a template to make a new complementary strand 34-In the male reproductive system, luteinizing hormone binds to receptors on the:- D- each of the new DNA molecules keeps one of the two original DNA strands A-seminiferous tubules in both testis B- cells located between the seminiferous tubules in both testes 47-The correct sequence of organizing genetic material from the largest part to the smallest part is:- C-epididymis D-three exocrine glands of the male reproductive system 35-In the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle , increased levels of both……………acts as a…………… A-estrogen and progesterone , negative feedback mechanism B-follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone , negative feedback mechanism 48-if you know that the complementary strand of this strand (TATCAATCTGTTCAT) has become the C-follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone , positive feedback mechanism template for the transcription of mRNA ,Which polypeptides of the following is produced?- D-estrogen and progesterone , positive feedback mechanism A- Histidine , Valine , Tyrosine , Serine , Glutamine 36-The embryo develops from the mass of cells on the: - B- Histidine , Valine , Tyrosine , Glutamine , Serine A-outer surface of the blastocyst B- outer surface of the morula C- inner surface of the blastocyst D- inner surface of the morula C- Tyrosine , Glutamine , Histidine , Valine , Serine 37-Which of the following is correct about umbilical cord? A-it attaches the fetus to the placenta D- Tyrosine , Glutamine , Serine , Valine , Histidine B-begins to secrete a hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin early in the second week after fertilization 49-Which of the following is participate in RNA transcription? C-materials such as nutrients and wastes are exchanged across the umbilical cord membrane A-a promoter B-termination signal C-RNA polymerase D-All of them are correct D-All of them are correct 50-A cross between two pea plants produced the following offspring (120 that have axial flowers and green pods 38-Which of the following is incorrect about incomplete dominance? ,120 with terminal flowers and green pods, 40 that have axial flowers and yellow pods, 40 with terminal flowers A-the probable phenotypic ratio of a cross between a pure individual and a heterozygous individual is 3 : 1 and yellow pods) which of the following represents the phenotype of the both crossed plants? B-three different phenotypes result from a cross between two heterozygous individuals A- have axial flowers and yellow pods × have terminal flowers and green pods C-the phenotype of a heterozygous individual is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parents B- have axial flowers and green pods × have terminal flowers and green pods D- the probable genotypic ratio of a cross between two heterozygous individuals is 1 : 2 : 1 C- have axial flowers and yellow pods × have terminal flowers and yellow pods 39-A genotype that produces 50% of the gamete (ab) is: - D- have axial flowers and green pods × have terminal flowers and yellow pods A-heterozygous for a character and recessive for the other B-heterozygous for both characters C-heterozygous for a character and homozygous dominant for the other D-homozygous for both characters 40-In a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals resulted in 300 individuals, its expected that the number of pure and heterozygous individuals will be as follows:- A-150 homozygous and 150 heterozygous B-225 homozygous and 75 heterozygous C-200 homozygous and 100 heterozygous D-300 homozygous and 0 heterozygous 41-Based on the adjacent figure, test cross is performed to determine the genotype for which of the following traits? A- 1 B- 2 C- 3 D- 4 42-The law of independent assortment is observed only for genes: - A- have two dominant alleles B- have two recessive alleles C- located on separate chromosomes D- located on the same chromosomes 43-Which of the following pairs represent pyrimidines? A-cytosine - thymine B- guanine - cytosine C- adenine - guanine D- adenine – thymine  26 Kurdistan Region Government- Iraq In the Name of Allah Subject: BIOLOGY Fingerprint Ministry of Education-High Committee of General Examinations Time: 3.5 hours 115-The two body cavities which separated by the diaphragm are: - A- thoracic cavity and spinal cavity B- cranial cavity and spinal cavity General exams for preparatory stage (scientific) For the academic year(2023-2024) First Sitting SN: 5000002 12th Grade B Erbil C- thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity D- abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity 16-Which of the following is a function of the circulatory system? Note: choose the correct answer: (2 marks for each right answer) A-helps maintain a constant body temperature B-transports nutrients, hormones, and gases 1-The embryo develops from the mass of cells on the: - C-returning fluids that have collected in the tissues to the blood stream D-All of them are correct A-outer surface of the blastocyst B- outer surface of the morula 17-Which of the following does not contain cartilage in its structure? C- inner surface of the blastocyst D- inner surface of the morula A-the epiphyseal plate B-the outer ear C-the inner layer of the arteries D-the epiglottis 2-The phase I (first) of HIV infection is similar to the phase II (second) of HIV infection in that in both phases: - 18-In the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle , increased levels of both……………acts as a…………… A- HIV-infected people feel well B- the HIV replicates A-estrogen and progesterone , negative feedback mechanism C- lymph glands become swollen D-Helper T cells cannot stimulate B cells and cytotoxic T cells B-follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone , negative feedback mechanism 3-Which of the following is correct about interferon? C-follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone , positive feedback mechanism A-a protein released by cells infected with virus B-forms a ring shaped structure D-estrogen and progesterone , positive feedback mechanism C-punctures the membranes of infected cells D-All of them are correct 19-The similarity between the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton is that both skeletons contain: - 4-If an individual’s red blood cells carry on its surfaces an A antigen and a B antigen and cannot produce A- red bone marrow B-yellow bone marrow C-a movable joint D-both (A and C) are correct anti-Rh antibodies, this individual can give blood to an individual with type………. blood. 20-All of the following happen in the muscular contraction process EXCEPT: - A- (B+) B- (A-) C- (AB+) D- (AB-) A- a nerve impulse stimulates the muscle to contract 5-HIV is transmitted by the transfer of body fluids containing................to a healthy body. B- the actin filaments slide between the myosin filaments A-HIV B-anti-HIV antibodies C- HIV-infected cells D-both (A and C) are correct C- the actin filaments’ heads attach to points between the beds of the myosin filaments 6-referring to the adjacent figure that shows a cerebral hemisphere, the nerve D- the myosin heads bend inward, pulling the actin with them 21-The cell-mediated immune response differs from the humoral immune response in that the cell-mediated impulses from the specialized mechanoreceptors are interpreted in the: - immune response: - A-needs to recognize antigens B- more than one type of T cell is involved A-only 1 C-needs to activate the helper T cell D- at first needs to engulf a pathogen by the macrophage B- 1 and 2 22-In the adjacent graph, the letter(s) that point(s) to the part of the C- 1, 2 and 3 graph through which the sodium ion channels open is(are): - D- only 2 A- only X 7-A genotype that produces 50% of the gamete (ab) is: - B- X and Y A-heterozygous for a character and recessive for the other B-heterozygous for both characters C- only Y C-heterozygous for a character and homozygous dominant for the other D-homozygous for both characters D- X and Z 8-In the arm the flexor muscle differs from the extensor muscle in that the flexor muscle: - A-has an origin point on the scapula B-moves bones by pulling them 23-Interneurons: - C-when it is in a state of relaxation, the limb straightens D-its cells contain many nuclei A-are found in the spinal cord B-produce the myelin sheath around the axon of the nerve cell 9-Which of the following is a psychoactive drug? C- relay information between other neurons D-both (A and C) are correct A-acetylcholine B- nicotine C- tars D- dopamine 24-In the male reproductive system, luteinizing hormone binds to receptors on the:- 10-in rheumatoid arthritis: - A-seminiferous tubules in both testis B- cells located between the seminiferous tubules in both testes A-the joint cartilage becomes thinner and rougher B-the joints become inflamed, swollen, stiff and deformed C-epididymis D-three exocrine glands of the male reproductive system C-the immune system begins to attack body tissues D-both (B + C) are correct 25-All of the following are nonspecific defenses EXCEPT: - 11-four hemoglobin molecules can carry …………molecules of oxygen. A-stomach acids B- mucus C- cytokines D- waxes A- 2 B- 4 C- 8 D- 16 26-Which of the following adjust the shape of the lens to bend the rays of the incoming light? 12-In the mechanism of the action of amino acid-based hormones, which of the following activates an A-muscles in the pigmented iris B- muscles attached to the lens C-retina D- cornea enzyme that converts ATP to cyclic AMP? 27-In the adjacent figure ,which of the following numbers point to the valves that A- the receptor protein for the hormone B- hormone-receptor complex prevent the oxygenated blood from flowing back in a wrong direction? C-first messenger D-second messenger A- 2 and 3 13-In a synapse, when an action potential reaches the axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron, the vesicles fuse with the: - A- presynaptic membrane B- receptor proteins on the presynaptic membrane B- 1 and 4 C- postsynaptic membrane D- reuptake receptors on the postsynaptic membrane C- 1 and 2 14-Each adrenal gland: - A-has medulla and cortex , both of them function as separate endocrine glands B- secretion of its hormones is controlled only by the nervous system C-secretes only steroid hormones D- 3 and 4 D- secretion of its hormones is regulated only by hormones in the anterior pituitary 28-In the process of hearing, which of the following causes movement of the bottom membrane in the middle chamber? A-vibrations of fluid in the cochlea B-bending the hair cells against the membrane covering them C-the movement of the calcium carbonate particles D- vibrations of fluid in the semicircular canals 0002 29-The testes develop within …………before a male is born. 42-The ribosomal RNA:- A- transfers amino acids to the ribosome to make a protein. A-the abdominal cavity B-an external sac C-the pelvic cavity D-an external sac in the abdominal cavity B-carries the instructions from a gene to make a protein. C-is part of the structure of ribosomes 30-Referring to the adjacent figure ,which shows the structure of the female D-contains the nitrogenous base thymine. reproductive system, choose the correct answer from the following:- 43-Based on the adjacent figure, test cross is performed to A- 1 , 2 and 3 are structures of this system determine the genotype for which of the following traits? A- 1 B- 2 B- 1 and 2 are structures of this system C- 3 D- 4 C- 1 and 3 are structures of this system 44-if you know that the complementary strand of this strand (TATCAATCTGTTCAT) has become the D-only 3 is a structure of this system template for the transcription of mRNA ,Which polypeptides of the following is produced?- 31-Which of the following is incorrect about incomplete dominance? A- Histidine , Valine , Tyrosine , Serine , Glutamine A-the probable phenotypic ratio of a cross between a pure individual and a heterozygous individual is 3 : 1 B-three different phenotypes result from a cross between two heterozygous individuals B- Histidine , Valine , Tyrosine , Glutamine , Serine C-the phenotype of a heterozygous individual is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parents C- Tyrosine , Glutamine , Histidine , Valine , Serine D- the probable genotypic ratio of a cross between two heterozygous individuals is 1 : 2 : 1 D- Tyrosine , Glutamine , Serine , Valine , Histidine 32-Drinking alcohol causes all of the following EXCEPT: - 45-Which of the following is participate in RNA transcription? A-dehydration B- decreasing in the body temperature C- addiction D- chronic bronchitis A-a promoter B-termination signal C-RNA polymerase D-All of them are correct 33-In the pulmonary circulation the ……………sends the blood to the lungs. 46-Which of the following pairs represent pyrimidines? A- aorta B- pulmonary artery C-pulmonary vein D-superior vena cava A-cytosine - thymine B- guanine - cytosine C- adenine - guanine D- adenine – thymine 34-Which of the following is correct about umbilical cord? A-it attaches the fetus to the placenta 47-The correct sequence of organizing genetic material from the largest part to the smallest part is:- B-begins to secrete a hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin early in the second week after fertilization C-materials such as nutrients and wastes are exchanged across the umbilical cord membrane D-All of them are correct 35-Which of the following is considered as a chemical messenger and is not secreted by the nervous 48-Which of the following is incorrect about the process of the DNA replication? system? A-epinephrine B- acetaminophen C- endorphins D- enkephalins A-only a part of the two strands of DNA unwinds 36-The hypothalamus responds to: - B-helicases move along the DNA molecule breaking the hydrogen bonds between the complementary nitrogenous bases A-blood concentrations of circulating hormones B- the signals coming from other brain regions C- each original strand serves as a template to make a new complementary strand C-by issuing instructions in the form of hormones to the pituitary gland D- All of them are correct D- each of the new DNA molecules keeps one of the two original DNA strands 37-The event shown in the adjacent figure activates which of the following?:- 49-A cross between two pea plants produced the following offspring (120 that have axial flowers and green pods A-cytotoxic T cells ,120 with terminal flowers and green pods, 40 that have axial flowers and yellow pods, 40 with terminal flowers and yellow pods) which of the following represents the phenotype of the both crossed plants? B- macrophage A- have axial flowers and yellow pods × have terminal flowers and green pods C-the complement system B- have axial flowers and green pods × have terminal flowers and green pods D- B cells C- have axial flowers and yellow pods × have terminal flowers and yellow pods D- have axial flowers and green pods × have terminal flowers and yellow pods 38-Blood is composed of:- 50-The law of independent assortment is observed only for genes: - (1-the plasma , 2-red blood cells , 3-white blood cells , 4-platelets) A- have two dominant alleles B- have two recessive alleles A-only 1 , 2 ,3 B- only 2 , 3 , 4 C- 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 D-only 1 , 4 C- located on separate chromosomes D- located on the same chromosomes 39-Which of the following is a characteristic of the semimovable joints? A-they securely connect the boney plates in the skull B-allow the body to bend and twist C-allow to turn the head from side to side D-All of them are correct 40-In a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals resulted in 300 individuals, its expected that the number of pure and heterozygous individuals will be as follows:- A-150 homozygous and 150 heterozygous B-225 homozygous and 75 heterozygous C-200 homozygous and 100 heterozygous D-300 homozygous and 0 heterozygous 41-Based on the adjacent table, in which of the Oswald Avery and his colleagues the mice survived? A-1 and 2 B-only 2 C-1 and 3 D-only 3  26 Kurdistan Region Government- Iraq In the Name of Allah Subject: BIOLOGY Fingerprint Ministry of Education-High Committee of General Examinations Time: 3.5 hours 114-The event shown in the adjacent figure activates which of the following?:- General exams for preparatory stage (scientific) For the academic year(2023-2024) First Sitting SN: 5000003 12th Grade C Erbil A-cytotoxic T cells B- macrophage Note: choose the correct answer: (2 marks for each right answer) C-the complement system 1-in rheumatoid arthritis: - D- B cells A-the joint cartilage becomes thinner and rougher B-the joints become inflamed, swollen, stiff and deformed C-the immune system begins to attack body tissues D-both (B + C) are correct 15-Blood is composed of:- (1-the plasma , 2-red blood cells , 3-white blood cells , 4-platelets) 2-All of the following happen in the muscular contraction process EXCEPT: - A-only 1 , 2 ,3 B- only 2 , 3 , 4 C- 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 D-only 1 , 4 A- a nerve impulse stimulates the muscle to contract B- the actin filaments slide between the myosin filaments 16-If an individual’s red blood cells carry on its surfaces an A antigen and a B antigen and cannot produce C- the actin filaments’ heads attach to points between the beds of the myosin filaments anti-Rh antibodies, this individual can give blood to an individual with type………. blood. D- the myosin heads bend inward, pulling the actin with them A- (B+) B- (A-) C- (AB+) D- (AB-) 3-The phase I (first) of HIV infection is similar to the phase II (second) of HIV infection in that in both phases: - 17-Which of the following is incorrect about incomplete dominance? A- HIV-infected people feel well B- the HIV replicates A-the probable phenotypic ratio of a cross between a pure individual and a heterozygous individual is 3 : 1 C- lymph glands become swollen D-Helper T cells cannot stimulate B cells and cytotoxic T cells B-three different phenotypes result from a cross between two heterozygous individuals 4-Each adrenal gland: - A-has medulla and cortex , both of them function as separate endocrine glands C-the phenotype of a heterozygous individual is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parents B- secretion of its hormones is controlled only by the nervous system C-secretes only steroid hormones D- the probable genotypic ratio of a cross between two heterozygous individuals is 1 : 2 : 1 D- secretion of its hormones is regulated only by hormones in the anterior pituitary 18-Which of the following is a function of the circulatory system? 5-In the pulmonary circulation the ……………sends the blood to the lungs. A-helps maintain a constant body temperature B-transports nutrients, hormones, and gases A- aorta B- pulmonary artery C-pulmonary vein D-superior vena cava C-returning fluids that have collected in the tissues to the blood stream D-All of them are correct 6-In the process of hearing, which of the following causes movement of the bottom membrane in the middle 19-The testes develop within …………before a male is born. chamber? A-vibrations of fluid in the cochlea B-bending the hair cells against the membrane covering them A-the abdominal cavity B-an external sac C-the pelvic cavity D-an external sac in the abdominal cavity C-the movement of the calcium carbonate particles D- vibrations of fluid in the semicircular canals 20-Drinking alcohol causes all of the following EXCEPT: - 7-In the male reproductive system, luteinizing hormone binds to receptors on the:- A-dehydration B- decreasing in the body temperature C- addiction D- chronic bronchitis A-seminiferous tubules in both testis B- cells located between the seminiferous tubules in both testes 21-In a synapse, when an action potential reaches the axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron, the vesicles C-epididymis D-three exocrine glands of the male reproductive system fuse with the: - A- presynaptic membrane B- receptor proteins on the presynaptic membrane 8-Which of the following adjust the shape of the lens to bend the rays of the incoming light? C- postsynaptic membrane D- reuptake receptors on the postsynaptic membrane A-muscles in the pigmented iris B- muscles attached to the lens C-retina D- cornea 22-Which of the following is a characteristic of the semimovable joints? 9-In the adjacent graph, the letter(s) that point(s) to the part of the A-they securely connect the boney plates in the skull B-allow the body to bend and twist C-allow to turn the head from side to side D-All of them are correct graph through which the sodium ion channels open is(are): - 23-All of the following are nonspecific defenses EXCEPT: - A- only X A-stomach acids B- mucus C- cytokines D- waxes B- X and Y 24-The two body cavities which separated by the diaphragm are: - A- thoracic cavity and spinal cavity B- cranial cavity and spinal cavity C- only Y C- thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity D- abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity D- X and Z 25-In the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle , increased levels of both……………acts as a…………… 10-HIV is transmitted by the transfer of body fluids containing................to a healthy body. A-estrogen and progesterone , negative feedback mechanism A-HIV B-anti-HIV antibodies C- HIV-infected cells D-both (A and C) are correct B-follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone , negative feedback mechanism C-follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone , positive feedback mechanism 11-The embryo develops from the mass of cells on the: - D-estrogen and progesterone , positive feedback mechanism A-outer surface of the blastocyst B- outer surface of the morula C- inner surface of the blastocyst D- inner surface of the morula 26-Interneurons: - A-are found in the spinal cord B-produce the myelin sheath around the axon of the nerve cell 12-Which of the following does not contain cartilage in its structure? C- relay information between other neurons D-both (A and C) are correct A-the epiphyseal plate B-the outer ear C-the inner layer of the arteries D-the epiglottis 13-A genotype that produces 50% of the gamete (ab) is: - 27-In the adjacent figure ,which of the following numbers point to the valves that A-heterozygous for a character and recessive for the other B-heterozygous for both characters prevent the oxygenated blood from flowing back in a wrong direction? C-heterozygous for a character and homozygous dominant for the other D-homozygous for both characters A- 2 and 3 B- 1 and 4 C- 1 and 2 D- 3 and 4 0003 28-In the arm the flexor muscle differs from the extensor muscle in that the flexor muscle: - 42-Which of the following is incorrect about the process of the DNA replication? A-has an origin point on the scapula B-moves bones by pulling them A-only a part of the two strands of DNA unwinds C-when it is in a state of relaxation, the limb straightens D-its cells contain many nuclei B-helicases move along the DNA molecule breaking the hydrogen bonds between the complementary nitrogenous bases 29-referring to the adjacent figure that shows a cerebral hemisphere, the nerve C- each original strand serves as a template to make a new complementary strand D- each of the new DNA molecules keeps one of the two original DNA strands impulses from the specialized mechanoreceptors are interpreted in the: - 43-Based on the adjacent table, in which A-only 1 of the Oswald Avery and his colleagues B- 1 and 2 the mice survived? C- 1, 2 and 3 A-1 and 2 D- only 2 B-only 2 30-In the mechanism of the action of amino acid-based hormones, which of the following activates an C-1 and 3 enzyme that converts ATP to cyclic AMP? D-only 3 A- the receptor protein for the hormone B- hormone-receptor complex 44-Which of the following pairs represent pyrimidines? C-first messenger D-second messenger A-cytosine - thymine B- guanine - cytosine C- adenine - guanine D- adenine – thymine 31-four hemoglobin molecules can carry …………molecules of oxygen. 45-Based on the adjacent figure, test cross is performed to A- 2 B- 4 C- 8 D- 16 determine the genotype for which of the following traits? 32-The hypothalamus responds to: - A- 1 B- 2 A-blood concentrations of circulating hormones B- the signals coming from other brain regions C-by issuing instructions in the form of hormones to the pituitary gland D- All of them are correct C- 3 D- 4 33-The similarity between the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton is that both skeletons contain: - 46-if you know that the complementary strand of this strand (TATCAATCTGTTCAT) has become the A- red bone marrow B-yellow bone marrow C-a movable joint D-both (A and C) are correct template for the transcription of mRNA ,Which polypeptides of the following is produced?- 34-Referring to the adjacent figure ,which shows the structure of the female A- Histidine , Valine , Tyrosine , Serine , Glutamine reproductive system, choose the correct answer from the following:- B- Histidine , Valine , Tyrosine , Glutamine , Serine A- 1 , 2 and 3 are structures of this system C- Tyrosine , Glutamine , Histidine , Valine , Serine B- 1 and 2 are structures of this system D- Tyrosine , Glutamine , Serine , Valine , Histidine C- 1 and 3 are structures of this system 47-Which of the following is participate in RNA transcription? A-a promoter B-termination signal C-RNA polymerase D-All of them are correct D-only 3 is a structure of this system 48-The correct sequence of organizing genetic material from the largest part to the smallest part is:- 35-The cell-mediated immune response differs from the humoral immune response in that the cell-mediated immune response: - A-needs to recognize antigens B- more than one type of T cell is involved C-needs to activate the helper T cell D- at first needs to engulf a pathogen by the macrophage 36-Which of the following is correct about interferon? 49-The ribosomal RNA:- A- transfers amino acids to the ribosome to make a protein. A-a protein released by cells infected with virus B-forms a ring shaped structure B-carries the instructions from a gene to make a protein. C-is part of the structure of ribosomes C-punctures the membranes of infected cells D-All of them are correct D-contains the nitrogenous base thymine. 37-Which of the following is correct about umbilical cord? A-it attaches the fetus to the placenta 50-A cross between two pea plants produced the following offspring (120 that have axial flowers and green pods B-begins to secrete a hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin early in the second week after fertilization ,120 with terminal flowers and green pods, 40 that have axial flowers and yellow pods, 40 with terminal flowers C-materials such as nutrients and wastes are exchanged across the umbilical cord membrane and yellow pods) which of the following represents the phenotype of the both crossed plants? D-All of them are correct A- have axial flowers and yellow pods × have terminal flowers and green pods 38-Which of the following is a psychoactive drug? B- have axial flowers and green pods × have terminal flowers and green pods A-acetylcholine B- nicotine C- tars D- dopamine C- have axial flowers and yellow pods × have terminal flowers and yellow pods 39-Which of the following is considered as a chemical messenger and is not secreted by the nervous D- have axial flowers and green pods × have terminal flowers and yellow pods system? A-epinephrine B- acetaminophen C- endorphins D- enkephalins 40-In a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals resulted in 300 individuals, its expected that the number of pure and heterozygous individuals will be as follows:- A-150 homozygous and 150 heterozygous B-225 homozygous and 75 heterozygous C-200 homozygous and 100 heterozygous D-300 homozygous and 0 heterozygous 41-The law of independent assortment is observed only for genes: - A- have two dominant alleles B- have two recessive alleles C- located on separate chromosomes D- located on the same chromosomes  26 Kurdistan Region Government- Iraq In the Name of Allah Subject: BIOLOGY Fingerprint Ministry of Education-High Committee of General Examinations Time: 3.5 hours 115-Each adrenal gland: - A-has medulla and cortex , both of them function as separate endocrine glands B- secretion of its hormones is controlled only by the nervous system C-secretes only steroid hormones General exams for preparatory stage (scientific) For the academic year(2023-2024) First Sitting SN: 5000004 12th Grade D Erbil D- secretion of its hormones is regulated only by hormones in the anterior pituitary 16-A genotype that produces 50% of the gamete (ab) is: - Note: choose the correct answer: (2 marks for each right answer) A-heterozygous for a character and recessive for the other B-heterozygous for both characters 1-Which of the following is considered as a chemical messenger and is not secreted by the nervous C-heterozygous for a character and homozygous dominant for the other D-homozygous for both characters system? A-epinephrine B- acetaminophen C- endorphins D- enkephalins 17-All of the following happen in the muscular contraction process EXCEPT: - 2-Interneurons: - A- a nerve impulse stimulates the muscle to contract A-are found in the spinal cord B-produce the myelin sheath around the axon of the nerve cell B- the actin filaments slide between the myosin filaments C- relay information between other neurons D-both (A and C) are correct C- the actin filaments’ heads attach to points between the beds of the myosin filaments 3-The two body cavities which separated by the diaphragm are: - D- the myosin heads bend inward, pulling the actin with them A- thoracic cavity and spinal cavity B- cranial cavity and spinal cavity 18-Which of the following does not contain cartilage in its structure? C- thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity D- abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity A-the epiphyseal plate B-the outer ear C-the inner layer of the arteries D-the epiglottis 4-Referring to the adjacent figure ,which shows the structure of the female 19-Blood is composed of:- reproductive system, choose the correct answer from the following:- (1-the plasma , 2-red blood cells , 3-white blood cells , 4-platelets) A-only 1 , 2 ,3 B- only 2 , 3 , 4 C- 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 D-only 1 , 4 A- 1 , 2 and 3 are structures of this system 20-Drinking alcohol causes all of the following EXCEPT: - B- 1 and 2 are structures of this system A-dehydration B- decreasing in the body temperature C- addiction D- chronic bronchitis C- 1 and 3 are structures of this system 21-Which of the following is incorrect about incomplete dominance? D-only 3 is a structure of this system A-the probable phenotypic ratio of a cross between a pure individual and a heterozygous individual is 3 : 1 B-three different phenotypes result from a cross between two heterozygous individuals 5-The event shown in the adjacent figure activates which of the following?:- C-the phenotype of a heterozygous individual is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parents A-cytotoxic T cells D- the probable genotypic ratio of a cross between two heterozygous individuals is 1 : 2 : 1 B- macrophage 22-In the arm the flexor muscle differs from the extensor muscle in that the flexor muscle: - C-the complement system A-has an origin point on the scapula B-moves bones by pulling them C-when it is in a state of relaxation, the limb straightens D-its cells contain many nuclei D- B cells 23-In the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle , increased levels of both……………acts as a…………… 6-The similarity between the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton is that both skeletons contain: - A-estrogen and progesterone , negative feedback mechanism A- red bone marrow B-yellow bone marrow C-a movable joint D-both (A and C) are correct B-follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone , negative feedback mechanism 7-The embryo develops from the mass of cells on the: - C-follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone , positive feedback mechanism A-outer surface of the blastocyst B- outer surface of the morula D-estrogen and progesterone , positive feedback mechanism C- inner surface of the blastocyst D- inner surface of the morula 24-In the adjacent figure ,which of the following numbers point to the valves that 8-In the male reproductive system, luteinizing hormone binds to receptors on the:- prevent the oxygenated blood from flowing back in a wrong direction? A-seminiferous tubules in both testis B- cells located between the seminiferous tubules in both testes C-epididymis D-three exocrine glands of the male reproductive system A- 2 and 3 9-The hypothalamus responds to: - B- 1 and 4 A-blood concentrations of circulating hormones B- the signals coming from other brain regions C- 1 and 2 C-by issuing instructions in the form of hormones to the pituitary gland D- All of them are correct 10-four hemoglobin molecules can carry …………molecules of oxygen. D- 3 and 4 A- 2 B- 4 C- 8 D- 16 25-The phase I (first) of HIV infection is similar to the phase II (second) of HIV infection in that in both phases: - 11-Which of the following adjust the shape of the lens to bend the rays of the incoming light? A- HIV-infected people feel well B- the HIV replicates A-muscles in the pigmented iris B- muscles attached to the lens C-retina D- cornea C- lymph glands become swollen D-Helper T cells cannot stimulate B cells and cytotoxic T cells 12-in rheumatoid arthritis: - 26-Which of the following is correct about interferon? A-the joint cartilage becomes thinner and rougher B-the joints become inflamed, swollen, stiff and deformed A-a protein released by cells infected with virus B-forms a ring shaped structure C-the immune system begins to attack body tissues D-both (B + C) are correct C-punctures the membranes of infected cells D-All of them are correct 13-In the process of hearing, which of the following causes movement of the bottom membrane in the middle 27-Which of the following is a function of the circulatory system? chamber? A-vibrations of fluid in the cochlea B-bending the hair cells against the membrane covering them A-helps maintain a constant body temperature B-transports nutrients, hormones, and gases C-the movement of the calcium carbonate particles D- vibrations of fluid in the semicircular canals C-returning fluids that have collected in the tissues to the blood stream D-All of them are correct 14-All of the following are nonspecific defenses EXCEPT: - 28-The cell-mediated immune response differs from the humoral immune response in that the cell-mediated A-stomach acids B- mucus C- cytokines D- waxes immune response: - A-needs to recognize antigens B- more than one type of T cell is involved C-needs to activate the helper T cell D- at first needs to engulf a pathogen by the macrophage 0004 29-In the pulmonary circulation the ……………sends the blood to the lungs. 43-Which of the following is participate in RNA transcription? A- aorta B- pulmonary artery C-pulmonary vein D-superior vena cava A-a promoter B-termination signal C-RNA polymerase D-All of them are correct 30-Which of the following is a characteristic of the semimovable joints? 44-The ribosomal RNA:- A- transfers amino acids to the ribosome to make a protein. A-they securely connect the boney plates in the skull B-allow the body to bend and twist B-carries the instructions from a gene to make a protein. C-is part of the structure of ribosomes C-allow to turn the head from side to side D-All of them are correct D-contains the nitrogenous base thymine. 31-The testes develop within …………before a male is born. 45-The correct sequence of organizing genetic material from the largest part to the smallest part is:- A-the abdominal cavity B-an external sac C-the pelvic cavity D-an external sac in the abdominal cavity 32-In a synapse, when an action potential reaches the axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron, the vesicles fuse with the: - A- presynaptic membrane B- receptor proteins on the presynaptic membrane C- postsynaptic membrane D- reuptake receptors on the postsynaptic membrane 46-A cross between two pea plants produced the following offspring (120 that have axial flowers and green pods 33-HIV is transmitted by the transfer of body fluids containing................to a healthy body. ,120 with terminal flowers and green pods, 40 that have axial flowers and yellow pods, 40 with terminal flowers A-HIV B-anti-HIV antibodies C- HIV-infected cells D-both (A and C) are correct and yellow pods) which of the following represents the phenotype of the both crossed plants? 34-If an individual’s red blood cells carry on its surfaces an A antigen and a B antigen and cannot produce A- have axial flowers and yellow pods × have terminal flowers and green pods anti-Rh antibodies, this individual can give blood to an individual with type………. blood. B- have axial flowers and green pods × have terminal flowers and green pods A- (B+) B- (A-) C- (AB+) D- (AB-) C- have axial flowers and yellow pods × have terminal flowers and yellow pods D- have axial flowers and green pods × have terminal flowers and yellow pods 35-Which of the following is a psychoactive drug? A-acetylcholine B- nicotine C- tars D- dopamine 47-if you know that the complementary strand of this strand (TATCAATCTGTTCAT) has become the 36-referring to the adjacent figure that shows a cerebral hemisphere, the nerve template for the transcription of mRNA ,Which polypeptides of the following is produced?- A- Histidine , Valine , Tyrosine , Serine , Glutamine impulses from the specialized mechanoreceptors are interpreted in the: - B- Histidine , Valine , Tyrosine , Glutamine , Serine A-only 1 C- Tyrosine , Glutamine , Histidine , Valine , Serine B- 1 and 2 D- Tyrosine , Glutamine , Serine , Valine , Histidine C- 1, 2 and 3 48-The law of independent assortment is observed only for genes: - D- only 2 A- have two dominant alleles B- have two recessive alleles C- located on separate chromosomes D- located on the same chromosomes 37-In the mechanism of the action of amino acid-based hormones, which of the following activates an enzyme that converts ATP to cyclic AMP? 49-Based on the adjacent table, in which A- the receptor protein for the hormone B- hormone-receptor complex of the Oswald Avery and his colleagues C-first messenger D-second messenger the mice survived? 38-Which of the following is correct about umbilical cord? A-it attaches the fetus to the placenta A-1 and 2 B-begins to secrete a hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin early in the second week after fertilization B-only 2 C-materials such as nutrients and wastes are exchanged across the umbilical cord membrane D-All of them are correct C-1 and 3 39-In the adjacent graph, the letter(s) that point(s) to the part of the D-only 3 graph through which the sodium ion channels open is(are): - 50-Based on the adjacent figure, test cross is performed to determine the genotype for which of the following traits? A- only X A- 1 B- 2 B- X and Y C- 3 D- 4 C- only Y D- X and Z 40-In a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals resulted in 300 individuals, its expected that the number of pure and heterozygous individuals will be as follows:- A-150 homozygous and 150 heterozygous B-225 homozygous and 75 heterozygous C-200 homozygous and 100 heterozygous D-300 homozygous and 0 heterozygous 41-Which of the following pairs represent pyrimidines? A-cytosine - thymine B- guanine - cytosine C- adenine - guanine D- adenine – thymine 42-Which of the following is incorrect about the process of the DNA replication? A-only a part of the two strands of DNA unwinds B-helicases move along the DNA molecule breaking the hydrogen bonds between the complementary nitrogenous bases C- each original strand serves as a template to make a new complementary strand D- each of the new DNA molecules keeps one of the two original DNA strands  26 Kurdistan Region Government- Iraq In the Name of Allah Subject: BIOLOGY Fingerprint Ministry of Education-High Committee of General Examinations Time: 3.5 hours 116-The event shown in the adjacent figure activates which of the following?:- General exams for preparatory stage (scientific) For the academic year(2023-2024) First Sitting SN: 5000005 12th Grade E Erbil A-cytotoxic T cells B- macrophage Note: choose the correct answer: (2 marks for each right answer) C-the complement system 1-Which of the following is correct about umbilical cord? A-it attaches the fetus to the placenta D- B cells B-begins to secrete a hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin early in the second week after fertilization C-materials such as nutrients and wastes are exchanged across the umbilical cord membrane 17-Which of the following is considered as a chemical messenger and is not secreted by the nervous D-All of them are correct system? A-epinephrine B- acetaminophen C- endorphins D- enkephalins 2-In a synapse, when an action potential reaches the axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron, the vesicles 18-four hemoglobin molecules can carry …………molecules of oxygen. fuse with the: - A- presynaptic membrane B- receptor proteins on the presynaptic membrane A- 2 B- 4 C- 8 D- 16 C- postsynaptic membrane D- reuptake receptors on the postsynaptic membrane 19-A genotype that produces 50% of the gamete (ab) is: - 3-In the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle , increased levels of both……………acts as a…………… A-heterozygous for a character and recessive for the other B-heterozygous for both characters A-estrogen and progesterone , negative feedback mechanism C-heterozygous for a character and homozygous dominant for the other D-homozygous for both characters B-follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone , negative feedback mechanism 20-The hypothalamus responds to: - C-follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone , positive feedback mechanism A-blood concentrations of circulating hormones B- the signals coming from other brain regions D-estrogen and progesterone , positive feedback mechanism C-by issuing instructions in the form of hormones to the pituitary gland D- All of them are correct 4-Which of the following is a characteristic of the semimovable joints? 21-referring to the adjacent figure that shows a cerebral hemisphere, the nerve A-they securely connect the boney plates in the skull B-allow the body to bend and twist impulses from the specialized mechanoreceptors are interpreted in the: - C-allow to turn the head from side to side D-All of them are correct A-only 1 5-The similarity between the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton is that both skeletons contain: - A- red bone marrow B-yellow bone marrow C-a movable joint D-both (A and C) are correct B- 1 and 2 6-All of the following happen in the muscular contraction process EXCEPT: - C- 1, 2 and 3 A- a nerve impulse stimulates the muscle to contract B- the actin filaments slide between the myosin filaments D- only 2 C- the actin filaments’ heads attach to points between the beds of the myosin filaments 22-The phase I (first) of HIV infection is similar to the phase II (second) of HIV infection in that in both phases: - D- the myosin heads bend inward, pulling the actin with them A- HIV-infected people feel well B- the HIV replicates 7-In the arm the flexor muscle differs from the extensor muscle in that the flexor muscle: - C- lymph glands become swollen D-Helper T cells cannot stimulate B cells and cytotoxic T cells A-has an origin point on the scapula B-moves bones by pulling them 23-Blood is composed of:- C-when it is in a state of relaxation, the limb straightens D-its cells contain many nuclei (1-the plasma , 2-red blood cells , 3-white blood cells , 4-platelets) 8-HIV is transmitted by the transfer of body fluids containing................to a healthy body. A-only 1 , 2 ,3 B- only 2 , 3 , 4 C- 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 D-only 1 , 4 A-HIV B-anti-HIV antibodies C- HIV-infected cells D-both (A and C) are correct 24-In the process of hearing, which of the following causes movement of the bottom membrane in the middle 9-In the pulmonary circulation the ……………sends the blood to the lungs. chamber? A-vibrations of fluid in the cochlea B-bending the hair cells against the membrane covering them A- aorta B- pulmonary artery C-pulmonary vein D-superior vena cava C-the movement of the calcium carbonate particles D- vibrations of fluid in the semicircular canals 10-Which of the following does not contain cartilage in its structure? 25-The embryo develops from the mass of cells on the: - A-the epiphyseal plate B-the outer ear C-the inner layer of the arteries D-the epiglottis A-outer surface of the blastocyst B- outer surface of the morula 11-The testes develop within …………before a male is born. C- inner surface of the blastocyst D- inner surface of the morula A-the abdominal cavity B-an external sac C-the pelvic cavity D-an external sac in the abdominal cavity 26-Drinking alcohol causes all of the following EXCEPT: - 12-The two body cavities which separated by the diaphragm are: - A-dehydration B- decreasing in the body temperature C- addiction D- chronic bronchitis A- thoracic cavity and spinal cavity B- cranial cavity and spinal cavity 27-Which of the following is a function of the circulatory system? C- thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity D- abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity A-helps maintain a constant body temperature B-transports nutrients, hormones, and gases 13-Which of the following is a psychoactive drug? C-returning fluids that have collected in the tissues to the blood stream D-All of them are correct A-acetylcholine B- nicotine C- tars D- dopamine 28-In the male reproductive system, luteinizing hormone binds to receptors on the:- 14-All of the following are nonspecific defenses EXCEPT: - A-seminiferous tubules in both testis B- cells located between the seminiferous tubules in both testes A-stomach acids B- mucus C- cytokines D- waxes C-epididymis D-three exocrine glands of the male reproductive system 15-Interneurons: - 29-Each adrenal gland: - A-has medulla and cortex , both of them function as separate endocrine glands A-are found in the spinal cord B-produce the myelin sheath around the axon of the nerve cell B- secretion of its hormones is controlled only by the nervous system C-secretes only steroid hormones C- relay information between other neurons D-both (A and C) are correct D- secretion of its hormones is regulated only by hormones in the anterior pituitary 0005 30-Referring to the adjacent figure ,which shows the structure of the female 41-Based on the adjacent figure, test cross is performed to reproductive system, choose the correct answer from the following:- determine the genotype for which of the following traits? A- 1 , 2 and 3 are structures of this system A- 1 B- 2 B- 1 and 2 are structures of this system C- 3 D- 4 C- 1 and 3 are structures of this system 42-A cross between two pea plants produced the following offspring (120 that have axial flowers and green pods ,120 with terminal flowers and green pods, 40 that have axial flowers and yellow pods, 40 with terminal flowers D-only 3 is a structure of this system and yellow pods) which of the following represents the phenotype of the both crossed plants? 31-The cell-mediated immune response differs from the humoral immune response in that the cell-mediated A- have axial flowers and yellow pods × have terminal flowers and green pods immune response: - A-needs to recognize antigens B- more than one type of T cell is involved B- have axial flowers and green pods × have terminal flowers and green pods C-needs to activate the helper T cell D- at first needs to engulf a pathogen by the macrophage C- have axial flowers and yellow pods × have terminal flowers and yellow pods 32-Which of the following adjust the shape of the lens to bend the rays of the incoming light? D- have axial flowers and green pods × have terminal flowers and yellow pods A-muscles in the pigmented iris B- muscles attached to the lens C-retina D- cornea 43-if you know that the complementary strand of this strand (TATCAATCTGTTCAT) has become the 33-Which of the following is incorrect about incomplete dominance? template for the transcription of mRNA ,Which polypeptides of the following is produced?- A-the probable phenotypic ratio of a cross between a pure individual and a heterozygous individual is 3 : 1 A- Histidine , Valine , Tyrosine , Serine , Glutamine B-three different phenotypes result from a cross between two heterozygous individuals B- Histidine , Valine , Tyrosine , Glutamine , Serine C-the phenotype of a heterozygous individual is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parents D- the probable genotypic ratio of a cross between two heterozygous individuals is 1 : 2 : 1 C- Tyrosine , Glutamine , Histidine , Valine , Serine 34-In the adjacent graph, the letter(s) that point(s) to the part of the D- Tyrosine , Glutamine , Serine , Valine , Histidine graph through which the sodium ion channels open is(are): - 44-The correct sequence of organizing genetic material from the largest part to the smallest part is:- A- only X B- X and Y C- only Y 45-The ribosomal RNA:- A- transfers amino acids to the ribosome to make a protein. B-carries the instructions from a gene to make a protein. C-is part of the structure of ribosomes D- X and Z D-contains the nitrogenous base thymine. 35-In the mechanism of the action of amino acid-based hormones, which of the following activates an 46-The law of independent assortment is observed only for genes: - enzyme that converts ATP to cyclic AMP? A- have two dominant alleles B- have two recessive alleles A- the receptor protein for the hormone B- hormone-receptor complex C- located on separate chromosomes D- located on the same chromosomes C-first messenger D-second messenger 47-Which of the following pairs represent pyrimidines? 36-If an individual’s red blood cells carry on its surfaces an A antigen and a B antigen and cannot produce A-cytosine - thymine B- guanine - cytosine C- adenine - guanine D- adenine – thymine anti-Rh antibodies, this individual can give blood to an individual with type………. blood. 48-Which of the following is participate in RNA transcription? A- (B+) B- (A-) C- (AB+) D- (AB-) A-a promoter B-termination signal C-RNA polymerase D-All of them are correct 37-In the adjacent figure ,which of the following numbers point to the valves that 49-Which of the following is incorrect about the process of the DNA replication? A-only a part of the two strands of DNA unwinds prevent the oxygenated blood from flowing back in a wrong direction? B-helicases move along the DNA molecule breaking the hydrogen bonds between the complementary nitrogenous bases A- 2 and 3 C- each original strand serves as a template to make a new complementary strand B- 1 and 4 D- each of the new DNA molecules keeps one of the two original DNA strands C- 1 and 2 50-Based on the adjacent table, in which of the Oswald Avery and his colleagues D- 3 and 4 the mice survived? 38-in rheumatoid arthritis: - A-1 and 2 A-the joint cartilage becomes thinner and rougher B-the joints become inflamed, swollen, stiff and deformed B-only 2 C-the immune system begins to attack body tissues D-both (B + C) are correct 39-Which of the following is correct about interferon? C-1 and 3 A-a protein released by cells infected with virus B-forms a ring shaped structure D-only 3 C-punctures the membranes of infected cells D-All of them are correct 40-In a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals resulted in 300 individuals, its expected that the number of pure and heterozygous individuals will be as follows:- A-150 homozygous and 150 heterozygous B-225 homozygous and 75 heterozygous C-200 homozygous and 100 heterozygous D-300 homozygous and 0 heterozygous  26 Kurdistan Region Government- Iraq In the Name of Allah Subject: BIOLOGY Fingerprint Ministry of Education-High Committee of General Examinations Time: 3.5 hours 113-The two body cavities which separated by the diaphragm are: - A- thoracic cavity and spinal cavity B- cranial cavity and spinal cavity General exams for preparatory stage (scientific) For the academic year(2023-2024) First Sitting SN: 5000006 12th Grade F Erbil C- thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity D- abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity 14-If an individual’s red blood cells carry on its surfaces an A antigen and a B antigen and cannot produce Note: choose the correct answer: (2 marks for each right answer) anti-Rh antibodies, this individual can give blood to an individual with type………. blood. 1-The phase I (first) of HIV infection is similar to the phase II (second) of HIV infection in that in both phases: - A- (B+) B- (A-) C- (AB+) D- (AB-) A- HIV-infected people feel well B- the HIV replicates 15-in rheumatoid arthritis: - C- lymph glands become swollen D-Helper T cells cannot stimulate B cells and cytotoxic T cells A-the joint cartilage becomes thinner and rougher B-the joints become inflamed, swollen, stiff and deformed 2-In the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle , increased levels of both……………acts as a…………… C-the immune system begins to attack body tissues D-both (B + C) are correct A-estrogen and progesterone , negative feedback mechanism 16-All of the following happen in the muscular contraction process EXCEPT: - B-follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone , negative feedback mechanism A- a nerve impulse stimulates the muscle to contract C-follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone , positive feedback mechanism B- the actin filaments slide between the myosin filaments D-estrogen and progesterone , positive feedback mechanism C- the actin filaments’ heads attach to points between the beds of the myosin filaments 3-Blood is composed of:- D- the myosin heads bend inward, pulling the actin with them (1-the plasma , 2-red blood cells , 3-white blood cells , 4-platelets) 17-Which of the following is incorrect about incomplete dominance? A-only 1 , 2 ,3 B- only 2 , 3 , 4 C- 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 D-only 1 , 4 A-the probable phenotypic ratio of a cross between a pure individual and a heterozygous individual is 3 : 1 4-Referring to the adjacent figure ,which shows the structure of the female B-three different phenotypes result from a cross between two heterozygous individuals reproductive system, choose the correct answer from the following:- C-the phenotype of a heterozygous individual is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parents D- the probable genotypic ratio of a cross between two heterozygous individuals is 1 : 2 : 1 A- 1 , 2 and 3 are structures of this system 18-The hypothalamus responds to: - B- 1 and 2 are structures of this system A-blood concentrations of circulating hormones B- the signals coming from other brain regions C- 1 and 3 are structures of this system C-by issuing instructions in the form of hormones to the pituitary gland D- All of them are correct D-only 3 is a structure of this system 19-The cell-mediated immune response differs from the humoral immune response in that the cell-mediated 5-A genotype that produces 50% of the gamete (ab) is: - immune response: - A-needs to recognize antigens B- more than one type of T cell is involved A-heterozygous for a character and recessive for the other B-heterozygous for both characters C-needs to activate the helper T cell D- at first needs to engulf a pathogen by the macrophage C-heterozygous for a character and homozygous dominant for the other D-homozygous for both characters 20-Each adrenal gland: - A-has medulla and cortex , both of them function as separate endocrine glands 6-The embryo develops from the mass of cells on the: - B- secretion of its hormones is controlled only by the nervous system C-secretes only steroid hormones A-outer surface of the blastocyst B- outer surface of the morula D- secretion of its hormones is regulated only by hormones in the anterior pituitary C- inner surface of the blastocyst D- inner surface of the morula 21-four hemoglobin molecules can carry …………molecules of oxygen. 7-Which of the following is a function of the circulatory system? A- 2 B- 4 C- 8 D- 16 A-helps maintain a constant body temperature B-transports nutrients, hormones, and gases 22-The similarity between the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton is that both skeletons contain: - C-returning fluids that have collected in the tissues to the blood stream D-All of them are correct A- red bone marrow B-yellow bone marrow C-a movable joint D-both (A and C) are correct 8-The testes develop within …………before a male is born. 23-The event shown in the adjacent figure activates which of the following?:- A-the abdominal cavity B-an external sac C-the pelvic cavity D-an external sac in the abdominal cavity A-cytotoxic T cells 9-Which of the following is correct about umbilical cord? A-it attaches the fetus to the placenta B- macrophage B-begins to secrete a hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin early in the second week after fertilization C-materials such as nutrients and wastes are exchanged across the umbilical cord membrane C-the complement system D-All of them are correct