Biological Molecules PDF

Cell Chemistry RUSTY SM. DE PLATA Cells Basic structural unit of living organisms. All living organisms are made up of cells. All essential functions of life occur in cell such as energy production, reaction to stimuli, growth and development. Study of composition, structure and...

Cell Chemistry RUSTY SM. DE PLATA Cells Basic structural unit of living organisms. All living organisms are made up of cells. All essential functions of life occur in cell such as energy production, reaction to stimuli, growth and development. Study of composition, structure and properties of matter  Organic Chemistry This is the branch of chemistry that deals with the matter, chemical that contains carbon, or any substances that the primary elements are carbon atoms.  Organic components of cells  Cell contains distinct organelles which constructed from big molecules of organic compounds.  Biomolecules/biological molecule -is a loosely used term for molecules and ions that are present in organisms , essential to some typically biological process such as cell division, morphogenesis, or development.  Biomolecules Molecules Micromolecules Macromolecules -Simple sugar -Polysaccharide -lipids -Fatty acids -Protein -amino acids -Nucleic acids -nucleotides  Organic components of cells  Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Vitamins Nucleic Acid  Carbohydrates CH20 Substance containing Hydrogen, Carbon and Oxygen. Is a basic source of cellular activities within the cell.  Starc Stored glucose h from the plants Polysaccharide Contains large Cellulo Plant amount of se polysaccharide monosaccharide that holds the plant structure Form of sugar in Glycogen fungi and some animal tissues  Proteins (contains H,O,C and N) CHON Some proteins are consist of S and P. Core materials that holds the various cell together. Building blocks from which the cells are formed. Regulates activities inside the cells. Responsible for the contraction of muscles. Compose of small units of amino acids. Functions of Protein A. Catalysts B. Antibodies C. Enzymes D. Contractile proteins E. Hormonal proteins F. Structural proteins G. Transport proteins  Amino acids Building block of protein Synthesis of protein, hormones and neurotransmitters Classificatio n of Amino acids  Non Essential Amino acids An amino acid that can be made by humans and so is not essential to the human diet.  Vitamins Needed by the body to regulates and promotes the growth and normal metabolism.  Vitamins classification Water soluble Fat soluble Fat Soluble Vitamins A Vitamins D Vitamins E Vitamins K  E oxid Vitamins Definitio Uses Deficien n cy Formed in the Needed for bones, Dryness and liver from the teeth and epithelial roughness of the carotenoid tissues. skin A pigments. Plays important Less sweat gland Carotenoid roles in the activities and night (Retinol) pigments are found synthesis of blindness. in the green leafy rhodopsin. (Caroten vegetable e) Vit D2- irradiated Promotes the Rickets or fragile ergosterola normal absorption and soft bones. D of Ca and P by (Vit D2- Vit D3-Calceferolt, intestine. Ergocalciferol) reacts in ultraviolet For bone and (Vit D3- radiation. teeth development. cholecalciferol) Vitamins Definitio Uses Deficienc n E oxid y Needs for the Minimize Prevents normal growth oxidation of premature Aging. E and carotene (tocopherol development. Source are GLV, cereals, ) nuts and eggs Source: liver, Phrotrombin is Necessary in spinach, K important in phrotombin caulliflower and Phylloquino blood clotting synthesis cabbage ne (Antihemmoragi c)  Water soluble Vitamin Bcomplex Vitamin C VITAMINS B COMPLEX OTHER NAME FOOD SOURCE VITAMIN B1 THIAMINE PORK, OATMEAL , BROWN RICE, LIVER, VITAMIN B2 RIBOFLAVIN DAILY PRODUCTS, BANANAS,POPCORN, GREEN BEANS,ASPARAGUS VITAMIN B3 NIACIN MEAT EGG VEGETABLES MUSHROOM, NUTS VITAMIN B5 PANTOTHENIC ACID BROCCCOLI, AVOCADOS, MEAT VITAMINS B COMPLEX OTHER NAME FOOD SOURCE EGG YOLK,PEANUTS, VITAMIN B7 BIOTIN LEAFY VEGETABLES VITAMIN B9 FOLIC ACID LEAFY VEGATABLES, BREAD PASTA VITAMIN B12 CYANOCOBALAMIN MEAT,FISH,CHICKEN VITAMIN C ASCORBIC ACID FRUITS AND VEGETABLES