Biology Class 10 ICSE Past Paper PDF

Biology class 10 icse Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8fh4t9 1. Mutation Sudden change in the structure or number of chromo- somes 2. Law of domi- Out of a pair of contrasting characters present together nance...

Biology class 10 icse Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8fh4t9 1. Mutation Sudden change in the structure or number of chromo- somes 2. Law of domi- Out of a pair of contrasting characters present together nance , only one will be able to express itself while the other remains suppressed 3. Law of segrega- Two members of a pair of factors separate during the tion formation of gametes 4. Law of indepen- The distribution of the alleles of one character into the dent assortment gametes is independent of the distribution of the alleles of the other character. 5. Single character, Phenotypic 3:1 different traits: Genotypic 1:2:1 monohybrid ra- tio 6. Di hybrid ratio Phenotypic 9:3:3:1 Genotypic very complex 7. Sex linked inher- Appearance of a trait which is due to the presence of allele itance exclusively either on X chromosome or Y chromosome 8. Allele Alternative forms of a gene , occupying the same position on homologous chromosomes and affecting the same characteristic but in a different way. 9. Genotype The set of genes present in the cells of an organism 10. Phenotype The observable characteristic which is genetically con- trolled 11. Pedigree chart A diagram showing the ancestral history of a group of related individuals. 12. Genes The specific sequences of nucleotides on a chromosome that encode particular proteins which express in the form of some particular feature of the body. 1 / 14  Biology class 10 icse Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8fh4t9 13. Characteristic Inheritable feature 14. Trait Alternative forms of a character 15. Variations Small differences among individuals 16. Heredity Transmission of genetically based characteristics from parents to offspring 17. Homologous A pair of corresponding chromosomes of the same shape chromosomes and size one from each parent. 18. Genome Full complement of DNA 19. Homozygous Having to similar alleles of the same gene at the Corre- sponding sites on homologous chromosomes 20. Evolution It is a slow and continuous process whereby complex forms of life have emerged from simpler forms through millions of years. 21. Jean baptise de Inheritance of acquired characters Lamarck 22. Charles Darwin Theory of natural selection or Darwinism 23. Theory of inheri- 1. Use and disuse tance of acquired 2. Inheritance of acquired characters characters 24. Vestigial or- Wisdom teeth, Vermiform appendix, Pinna gans(examples) 25. Vestigial organs There are those organs that have ceased to be any use to the possessor but still persist generation after generation in a reduced from 26. Theory of natural Over production, struggle for existence, variation, survival selection of the fittest 2 / 14  Biology class 10 icse Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8fh4t9 27. Speciation Origin of new species by gradual modification 28. Classical exam- Biston bitularia ple of natural se- lection 29. Father of evolu- Charles Darwin tion 30. Who gave man Carl Linnaeus the scientific name Homo sapiens 31. Pre-human an- Ramapithecus cestor 32. Cranial capacity 450-600 cm cube of Australopithe- cus 33. Cranial capacity 680-735 cm cube of Homo habilis 34. Cranial capacity 800-1 125 cm cube of homo erectus 35. Cranial capaci- 1450 cm cube ty of Neanderthal man 36. Cranial capacity 1600 cm cube of Cro-Magnon 37. First hormone to Auxins be discovered in plants 38. Indole 3 acetic acid 3 / 14  Biology class 10 icse Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8fh4t9 Full form of IAA(Natural aux- in) 39. Apical domi- The phenomenon of the suppression of growth of lateral nance buds by apical buds 40. Parthenocarpy Auxins can induce fruit formation without fertilisation in fruits like apples, tomatoes, bananas,etc. Development of fruits without fertilisation 41. The most stud- Ga3 Gibberellic acid ied form of gib- berellins 42. Only hormone Ethylene which is gas at ordinary temper- ature 43. Growth retarding Abscisic acid hormone 44. Tropic move- Growth movements Occurring in response to unidirec- ments tional external stimuli in a plant part 45. World population 11 July day 46. Three great cul- Tool making , agricultural revolution, scientific industrial tural revolution revolution 47. Population ex- It refers to the rapid and a massive rise in the world plosion population that has occured over the last few hundred years. 48. Reason for sharp Better healthcare rise in World hu- Fewer deaths man population Food shortage minimise pd Improved nutrition 4 / 14  Biology class 10 icse Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8fh4t9 Large scale immunisation Fewer infant deaths 49. Need for adopt- Decreasing open spaces ing control mea- Shrinking of forests sures Increasing industrialisation Increasing pollution Rapid and intense shortage of drinking water 50. Factors respon- Illiteracy sible for popula- Traditional beliefs tion explosion in Mortality rate India Economic reasons Religious and social customs Desire for a male child Lack of re-creation 51. Resource Any substance, resource or organism which is used by humans for their welfare 52. Production of Arithmetic progression food rises by 53. Population Geometrical progression grows by 54. Sustainable It means which can be continued with no ill effect on the availability of the required items 55. Sustainable de- It means the kind of development that meets the need of velopment the present without compromising the ability of the future generation to meet their own needs. 56. Demography Statistical study of human population 57. Population den- It is the number of individuals per square kilometre at any sity given time 58. Natality It is the number of live births per thousand people of population per year 5 / 14  Biology class 10 icse Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8fh4t9 59. Mortality It is the number of deaths per thousand of population per year 60. Growth rate of Difference between birth rate and death rate population 61. Family welfare Offices in hospitals where any help or advice about family planning is available free of cost 62. Full form of IUD Intrauterine devices 63. Tubectomy Female surgical method 64. Vasectomy Male surgical method 65. Full form of MTP Medical termination of pregnancy 66. Waste Any unwanted or undesirable material resulting from in- dustrial commercial mining and agricultural operations and from community activities. 67. Biodegradable Those substances which can be broken down by microor- waste ganisms into harmless and non-toxic substances 68. Pollution Addition of any such constituent to air water or land which deteriorates the natural quality of the environment. 69. Air-pollution Degradation of the air-quality harmfully affecting the living organisms as well as certain objects 70. Types of air-pol- Gaseous pollution lution Particulate pollution 71. Main gaseous Carbon dioxide pollutant sulphur dioxide carbon monoxide 72. Control for vehic- Greater use of compressed natural gas ular air-pollution Efficient engines 6 / 14  Biology class 10 icse Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8fh4t9 Lead free petrol Good quality auto mobile fuels 73. Smog Smoke released from various sources may get mixed with dust particles and small drops of fog to produce smog Causes asthma and allergies 74. Brick kilns Fire heated enclosures for making construction bricks 75. Water pollution Any change in the water quality which makes it suitable for use by humans and by other living organisms 76. Sewage Liquid waste from domestic activities Consists of kitchen waste, toilet and other household waste water 77. Oil spills Accidental discharges of petroleum and oceans or estu- aries 78. Sources of oil Overturned oil tankers spills Offshore oil mining Oil refineries 79. Sanitary landfill Places where the wastes are dumped in a ground depres- sion and covered with dirt every day 80. DDT Dichloro di phenyl trichloroethane 81. Chief radiant pol- Iodine-131 lutant 82. Noise pollution Any unpleasant sound interfering with one's hearing and concentration 83. Harmful effects Interferes in communication of noise pollu- Lowers efficiency of work tion Disturbs sleep and leads to nervous irritability Prolonged noise can lead to deafness 84. 7 / 14  Biology class 10 icse Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8fh4t9 Harmful effects Damage to vegetation by pollution of the soil of acid rain Erosion of ancient monuments statues by the acid react- ing with the calcium Decay of building material and paints 85. International September 16 ozone day 86. Harmful effects Several diseases like cholera jaundice typhoid of water pollu- tion 87. Effects of soil Pesticides used in agricultural farming may cause health pollution problems 88. Objective of Eliminate open defecation clean India Clean the streets roads and infrastructure of the country movement citizen towns Achieve efficient solid and liquid waste management sys- tems Establish an accountable mechanism of monitoring la- trine use 89. Imbibition Phenomenon bt which the living or dead plant cells abs of water by surface attraction 90. Diffusion Free movement of molecules of a substance from the region of their higher concentration to the region of their lower concentration in the two are in a direct contact 91. Osmosis Movement of water molecules from the region of higher concentration to the region of lower concentration through a semipermeable membrane 92. End osmosis Inward diffusion of water Swell up the cell 93. Exosmosis Outward diffusion of water Shrinkage of the cell 8 / 14  Biology class 10 icse Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8fh4t9 94. Osmotic pres- The minimum pressure that must be exerted to prevent sure the passage of the pure solvent into the solution when the two are separated by a semipermeable membrane 95. Tonicity Relative concentration of the solution is that deter mine the direction and extent of diffusion 96. Active transport Passage of a substance from its lower to higher concen- tration using energy from the cell through a living cell membrane 97. Turgidity When I sell reaches the state where it cannot accommo- date any more water i.e. it is fully distended, it is called turgid and the condition is called turigidity 98. Turgor pressure Pressure of the cell contents on the cell wall 99. Wall pressure Pressure of the cell wall on the cell content 100. Plasmolysis Contraction of cytoplasm from the cell wall caused due to the withdrawal of water when placed in a strong solution 101. Flaccidity Condition in which the cell content is shrunken and a cell is no more tight 102. Reversal of plas- Deplasmolysis molysis 103. Reverse of Flaccidity turgidity 104. Root pressure Pressure developed in the roots due to continued inward movement of water through cell to cell osmosis which helps in the ascent of cell sap upward through the stem. 105. Guttation Drops of water along leaf margin due to excessive root pressure 106. Root pressure Capillarity 9 / 14  Biology class 10 icse Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8fh4t9 Forces contribut- Transpiration pull ing to ascent of Adhesion sap 107. Cohesion Molecular attraction by which the particles of a body are united throughout the mass 108. Bleeding Loss of water (cell sap) through a cut stem 109. Example of tur- Rapid drooping of the leaves of the sensitive plant Mi- gor movement mosa pudica 110. Transpiration Loss of water in the form of water vapour from the leaves and other aerial parts of the plant 111. Cobalt chloride Blue when Dry paper Pink when exposed to moisture 112. Potometer A device that measures the rate of water intake by plant 113. Darwin's po- Suction force created tometer 114. Garreau's po- Unequal transpiration from the two surfaces of a dorsiven- tometer tral leaf 115. Limitations of Introducing the air bubble is not very easy potometer The twig May not remain fully alive for a long time Any changes in the outside air temperature may affect the position of the air bubble in the capillary tube 116. Kinds of Transpi- Stomatal transpiration ration Cuticular transpiration Lenticular Transpiration 117. Lenticels Special openings that developed on the barks of older stands in place of stomata Allow diffusion of gases 118. Sunkel stomata Nerium 10 / 14  Biology class 10 icse Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8fh4t9 119. External factors Intensity of sunlight which affect tran- Temperature spiration Velocity of wind Humidity Carbon dioxide Atmospheric pressure 120. Internal factors Water content of the leaves which affect tran- spiration 121. Adaptations to Fewer stomata reduce exces- Narrow leaves sive transpira- Loss of leaves tion Thick cuticle Reduced exposed surfaces Sunken stomata 122. Significance of Cooling effect transpiration Suction force Distribution of water and mineral salts 123. Special Hydathodes pore-bearing Structures 124. Photosynthesis The process by which living plant cells containing chloro- phyll produce food substances from carbon dioxide and water by using light energy 125. Only biological Photosynthesis process which releases oxygen 126. Pigment chloro- Walls of thylakoids phyll is con- tained where 127. Types of chloro- phyll 11 / 14  Biology class 10 icse Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8fh4t9 Nine Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll b 128. Chlorophyll Sunlight traps 129. Photo lysis Splitting of water molecules into hydrogen irons and oxy- gen in the presence of light and grana 130. Light reaction Thylakoids takes place in 131. Light indepen- Stroma of chloroplast dent phase 132. Photophosphory- Electrons are used in converting ADP into energy rich lation compound ATP by adding one phosphate group And since the energy used in the process comes from light it is termed as photophosphorylation 133. NADP Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate 134. Polymerisation Several glucose molecules are transferred to produce one molecule of starch 135. Other names of Cane sugar, double sugar sucrose 136. Adaptation for Large surface area photosynthesis Leave arrangement Cuticle and Upper epidermis Numerous stomata Thinness of leaves Chloroplast Extensive vein system 137. End of products Glucose, water, oxygen of photosynthe- sis 12 / 14  Biology class 10 icse Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8fh4t9 138. Glucose is used Immediately consumed by the plant cells in four ways Stored in the form of insoluble starch Converted into sucrose Used in synthesising fats, proteins 139. Photorespiration Oxygen used in respiration in the leaf cells 140. External factors Light intensity affecting photo- Carbon dioxide concentrations synthesis Temperature Watee content 141. Internal factors Chlorophyll affecting photo- Protoplasm synthesis Structure of leaf 142. Maximum 35°C temperature when photosynthesis occurs Best 143. Why is leaf To kill the cells dipped in boiling water 144. Methylated spirit Removal of chlorophyll 145. Iodine solution Presence of starch will be indicated by a blue black colour Leaf without starch will show brown colouration 146. Plants with Varie- Coleus gated leaves Geranium Croton 147. Water plants Hydrilla Elodea 148. Potassium hydroxide 13 / 14  Biology class 10 icse Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8fh4t9 Chemical which absorbs carbon dioxide 149. How do you Non-green plants such as fungi and bacteria obtain their non-green plants nourishment from decaying organic matter in their envi- obtain their nour- ronment ishment 150. Chemical reac- 6 CO2 + 12H2O = C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2 tion showing photosynthesis 14 / 14