Bioe 20B W3D1 Oct 15 ANNOTATED SLIDES (2) PDF

REMINDERS ANNOUNCEMENTS 1. Today: Respiration; Thursday: Nervous System Tuesday, 10/15/24 2. Due Sunday: HW 3, Quiz 3, Review for Midterm 3. Midterm 1 is on Thursday, October 24th Week 3, Day 1 1. Midterm content: Form and Function, Energetics and Res...

REMINDERS ANNOUNCEMENTS 1. Today: Respiration; Thursday: Nervous System Tuesday, 10/15/24 2. Due Sunday: HW 3, Quiz 3, Review for Midterm 3. Midterm 1 is on Thursday, October 24th Week 3, Day 1 1. Midterm content: Form and Function, Energetics and Respiration Metabolism, Nutrition and Digestion, Osmoregulation, Circulation, Respiration, Nervous System TODAY’S AGENDA (8-9:35AM) Animal Fun Fact of the Day Blood and Oxygen Transport 5 min break Respiration Kahoot: Osmoregulation, Circulation, Respiration CIRCULATION EXTREMES IN NATURE Animal Fun Fact of the Day The crocodile icefish (Channichthyidae) is the only vertebrate to lack hemoglobin. They have lost their scales so they can breathe through their skin; oxygen is more soluble in colder temperatures. CIRCULATION EXTREMES IN NATURE Animal Fun Fact of the Day The crocodile icefish (Channichthyidae) is the only vertebrate to lack hemoglobin. They have lost their scales so they can breathe through their skin; oxygen is more soluble in colder temperatures.  Key Concepts forforCirculation Key Concepts Today 1. Blood and Oxygen Transport 2. Respiration REVIEW: Oxy-Hb curves POLL question What is the FORM of hemoglobin? 4 globular protein subunits Each subunit is a heme molecule Each heme has 1 iron ion Each iron ion can bind to 1 oxygen What is the FUNCTION of hemoglobin? Respiratory pigment Carries O2 in blood to tissues REVIEW: Oxy-Hb curves POLL question How might sickle cell anemia affect their function? Not enough oxygen dissolves into blood to support metabolic needs Patients would have a right- shifted oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve (since cannot hold onto oxygen) REVIEW: Oxy-Hb curves POLL question On your boards… Oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve = tells us how much oxygen is in a given place 100 Lungs The % saturation of Hb molecules in blood RETURNING % Saturation of Hb 75 from the tissues at exercise is about 50 Tissues At rest A. 100% 25 B. 20% C. 75% 0 D. 25% 0 20 40 60 80 100 Tissues Partial pressure of O2 mm HG At exercise REVIEW: Oxy-Hb curves POLL question Describe the concept of cooperation in regards to shape of this graph 100 Lungs % Saturation of Hb 75 50 Tissues At rest 25 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Tissues Partial pressure of O2 mm HG At exercise REVIEW: Oxy-Hb curves POLL question Describe the concept of cooperation in regards to oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curves? O2 O2 100 O2 O2 O2 Lungs Cooperation is the % Saturation of Hb 75 O2 O2 phenomenon where the shape of the hemoglobin protein 50 Tissues changes as oxygen At rest loads and unloads O2 25 (changes affinity) It is why this graph How does the shape change? 0 has a sigmoidal shape à changes in bond length and intermolecular interactions within 0 20 40 60 80 100 the hemoglobin protein Tissues Partial pressure of O2 mm HG At exercise =hemoglobin REVIEW: Oxy-Hb curves POLL question What are the factors that will cause a left-shifted and right-shifted curve? 100 LEFT SHIFT RIGHT SHIFT 85 (EXERCISE) % Saturation of Hb Decrease in CO2 75 Decrease in H+/Higher pH Increase in CO2 Decrease in Temperature Increase in H+/Lower pH 50 Increase in Temperature Increased O2 affinity to Decreased O2 affinity to hemoglobin so harder to 25 hemoglobin so easier to unload to tissues unload to tissues 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Partial pressure of O2 mm HG REVIEW: Oxy-Hb Curve 1) What does the X-axis of the Oxy-Hb Curve represent? Amount of oxygen present in a given place (i.e. lungs, tissues) 2) What does the Y-axis of the Oxy-Hb Curve represent? % Saturation of Hb with O2 = how much O2 is on hemoglobin 3) When the curve shifts to the right what does that mean about the affinity of the Hb for oxygen? Right shift à lower affinity = makes it easier for Hb to drop off O2 at tissue 4) What makes the steep part of the curve steep? Cooperation when 1 O2 jumps off à decreases affinity of oxygen on other subunits 5) A fetus has a left shift hemoglobin curve compared to adults: why does this help the fetus? Higher affinity for oxygen so that baby is prioritized REVIEW: Oxy-Hb Curve On your boards… Llama’s evolved at high altitude and have a left shifted curve compared to human hemoglobin. What is true about the llama’s hemoglobin molecule? a) The hemoglobin has a different amino acid sequence compared to human hemoglobin. WHAT! b) The llama’s hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen compared to human hemoglobin. c) Both a and b REVIEW: Oxy-Hb Curve Diving and flying animals have evolved left-shifted curves to compensate for living in a low-oxygen environment! High flyers and deep divers have a higher affinity for O2 from living in low-oxygen environments in order to sustain their oxygen- obligate organs (brain, heart) How do the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curves of Covid patients look? Left-shifted to preserve oxygen-obligate organs  5-min Break! Attendance Time Scan the QR code or go to https://tinyurl.com/W3D1Oct15 to answer the following question: 1) Describe the concept of cooperation in regards to oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curves. (This will be used for taking attendance today.)  Key Concepts forforCirculation Key Concepts Today 1. Blood and Oxygen Transport 2. Respiration Blood & O2 Transport Alveoli – The gas exchange site in the lungs; Cluster of thin walled air sacs at the end of the bronchioles Surfactant lubricates the alveolar surface & reduces surface tension Trachea Bronchi Each lung is covered by pleural membrane Bronchioles Diaphragm Yoga Demo!  Key Concepts forforCirculation Key Concepts Today 1. Types of Circulatory Systems 2. Anatomy of the Closed System a. The Heart = The Pump b. Vessels = The Plumbing 3. Electrical Conduction System 4. Blood Pressure 5. Blood and Oxygen Transport 6. Respiration Blood & O2 Transport Breathing is a balance between lung volume and more negative How do we breathe? and less negative pressure in the intrapleural membrane! Ideal Gas Law Formula: u re would ct A pun lungs e Inhale = Exhale = deflat gative e more less since n would re negative negative pressu ! Oh no! ze equali When you breathe in à When you breathe out à interpleural membrane interpleural membrane becomes more negative becomes less negative Volume increases and Volume decreases and Pressure decreases Pressure increases Blood & O2 Transport Tidal volume: The amount of air that a mammal inhales or exhales with each breath Vital Capacity: Max tidal volume during forced breathing Residual Volume: The amount of air left in the lungs after a forceful exhale REVIEW: RESPIRATION Draw a graph of a person breathing normally and then measuring their vital capacity. Vital Capacity Volume (liters) Tidal Volume Residual Volume Time (sec) Respiration  Key Concepts for: Respiration What did we learn? Describe negative pressure breathing and respiration anatomy in mammals (i.e. humans) Describe the components of blood and anatomy of a red blood cell Describe hemoglobin as a molecule and its purpose Draw and work with an oxyhemoglobin disassociation curve including: o Make predictions about whether a curve will shift right and left under particular conditions o Accurately describe the molecular mechanism associated with cooperation o Explain what it would mean if the steep part of the curve were steeper or shallower o Accurately describe the effect of sickle-cell anemia on oxygen transport o Describe the function of fetal hemoglobin o Describe what happens at altitude 27  Kahoot Review Time! Osmoregulation, Circulation, and Respiration Extra Credit awarded to 1st, 2nd, and 3rd place!