Protein Biochemistry PDF

Protein  Biochemistry Function of the proteins Examples of amino acid 1- provide structural component to build up collagen and nails and skin Example 1 2- c...

Protein  Biochemistry Function of the proteins Examples of amino acid 1- provide structural component to build up collagen and nails and skin Example 1 2- contraction of the muscle O It 3- Transport hemoglobin ! Hint. C- 200 4- store nutrients I H Glycine (Gly, G) 5- regulate body metabolism 6- catalyze bio chemical reaction in the cell Example 2 ⑮ 7- protection IMP The protein is composed from amino-acid Halt - c - 100 Poly poptide is another word for protein " Alanine (Ala, A) Amino acid build up from IMD Only R can be changed Side chain This is ionized form because it has charge L Carboxyl group - coolth Carbon (Carbolic acid group) Amino Group & ~ L HIN-c-Coo t HzN & > I In solution I H H  Types of amino acid: Polar Non polar Acidic Basic Hydrophilic Hydrophobic Hydrophilic Hydrophilic Polar amino acid: G C 6 OH 2 An alcohol ⑧ NH2 O The amino acid is polar Amide when the R Group is 2 C ⑧ NH 2 I G > Thiol G ↳ R S H CH2 ste HCOl I I I C-co C Coo Hart - C-coo Han - - AsN I H I # H Threonine (Thr) Serine (Ser) Glutamine (Gln) Non polar amino acid: H & The amino acid is Non polar when the R Group is 2 Alkyl Group CH 3 O Aromatic 7 # O CH3 I I I CH2 HIN-C-200- C-Coo I I Han- Hur-C-Loo H I I Glycine (Gly) H H Alanine (Ala) Phenylalanine (Phe)  Acidic and Basic Amino Acids - NH3 Acidic Amino Acids NH2 Basic Amino Acids CH 2 C NH2 Acidic when the R group is - a carboxylic acid (COO ) NH CH HN + 2 NH - CH 2 O O - CH O O 2 CH2 VC - CH CH2 CH2 C 2 - I - - I C COO H N C COO H3N C COO CH2 H3N 3 CH & CH - H3N C COO H H H I & C Coo H N 3 Lysine Arginine Histidine H H Aspartame Glutamate L = Levo = left Fischer projection of amino acid L the only amino acid used for proteins. - D = Dextro = right COOH COOH H C - H2N C H H2N CH 3 O CH3 R Group L-Alanine D-Alanine L because The H 2N is on D because H2N is on the side left the right side Zwitterions: Has equal + and - charge O O at the icoelectric point V + and - Equal charge (He < Che In water C OH NH2 CHe Zwitterion of glycine Glycine Neutral Isoelectric point (PI) I Ph 14 Ph 1 Basic Acid Is the ph at which amino Ph 7 acid caries no net Electric charge or is electrically is neutral  Amino acid as Acids In solutions more basic (-OH) than the (PI) + The NH3 in the amino acid donates a proton (H) H H H O Han Che Co Hen Negative ion Che Coo - He Zwitterion At pI PH> PI Charge : 0 Charge : -1 Amino acid as bases In solution more acidic (-H) than the (pI) - The COO in the amino acid accepts a proton (H Ht HaN 8 Coo Han Che COOH ZWitterion Positive ion At pI Ph < PI Charge: 0 Charge 1+ (2) CH (3) CH4) CH , Hat CH-Coun HeN Ch coo Is Ch coo A- Alanine Zwitterion : 3 B- Alanine at a pH above its pI : 2 C- Alanine at a pH below its pI : 1  Indicate the type of protein structure. 1) primary 2) alpha helix 3) beta pleated sheet 4) triple helix A. polypeptide chains held side by side by H bonds: Beta pleated sheet B. sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain: Primary C- corkscrew shape with H bonds between amino acids: Alpha helix D. three peptide chains woven like a rope: Triple helix There are 20 different amino acid in proteins Essential amino acids 10 amino acids not Peptide bond : synthesized body Arginine Must be obtained Leucine from the diet Isoleucine Lysine Valine Denaturation: The disruption of bonds in secondary, Example tertiary and quaternary protein structures. Examples : An egg is cooked. The skin is wiped with alcohol. Heat is used to cauterize blood vessels. Tertiary structures : - Quaternary structure: two or more protein units