Biochemistry Test Review PDF
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This document is a review of biochemistry concepts, including key vocabulary, diagrams, and examples for different organic compounds such as Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic acid. It primarily focuses on the structure and function of these compounds, including the enzymatic reactions that break down and build them.
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**Biochemistry Test Review** **Key Vocabulary** **Organic:** Contain C **and** H **Inorganic:** Usually \"support\" life, contains C **or** H **Mixture:** Is a material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed. **[Acids & Bases ]** **Acids:** 1-6 on pH scale. 7...
**Biochemistry Test Review** **Key Vocabulary** **Organic:** Contain C **and** H **Inorganic:** Usually \"support\" life, contains C **or** H **Mixture:** Is a material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed. **[Acids & Bases ]** **Acids:** 1-6 on pH scale. 7 is Neutral **Bases:** 8-14 on pH scale. **pH:** measures degree of substance alkalinity or acidity. **Alkalinity:** The capacity of water to resist changes in pH that would make the water more acidic. **Buffers:** Add weak acids & bases to prevent sharp changes in pH. **[Organic Compounds (Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids)]** **Carbohydrates:**a key source of ENERGY! They include *sugars* and complex carbs (*starches*). \- Building blocks = simple sugars! - - - - - - - - **Lipids (Fats):** Fats, oils, waxes, steroids. Mainly functions in energy storage, protection, and insulation. They tend to be large molecules. - **Proteins:** Composed of MANY amino acid subunits. It is the arrangement of the amino acid that forms the primary structure of proteins. Function of proteins are growth and repair, energy, and helps keep the body pH constant. - - - - **Nucleic Acids:** composed of nucleotides, store and transmit genetic information. - - - - - - - **[Enzymes and Enzyme Actions:]** **Enzymes:** Organic catalysts made of protein. - **Catalyst**: Inorganic or organic substance which speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction without entering the reaction itself. *Specific in:* 1. pH **Substrate: M**olecules upon which an enzyme acts. **Lock and Key Theory:** mechanism of enzymatic reactions, in which it is proposed that the enzyme and substrate(s) bind temporarily to form an enzyme--substrate complex **Important Structures/ Pictures** **[Carbohydrates (starches):]** [Monosaccharide: ]  [Disaccharide: ] [Polysaccharide:]  [Dehydration Synthesis:] *monosaccharide + monosaccharide \-\-\--\> disaccharide + water* *(C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 \-\-\--\> **C12H22O11** + H2O)* [Hydrolysis:] [ ] (Addition of water H2O) *disaccharide + H2O \-\--\> monosaccharide + monosaccharide*  **[Lipid (fats):]** **[Proteins:]** [Carboxyl Group:]  [Dipeptide:] amino acid + amino acid \-\-\-\-- dipeptide + water [Hydrolysis of a Dipeptide: ] **[Nucleic Acids:]** [Bases:]  [DNA: ] [RNA: ] **[Enzymes: ]**  [Lock and Key:]
