Biochemistry Chapter 1 PDF

Biochemistry Chapter 1 Biochemistry traits by coding for functional - Chemistry of life proteins or RNA - Science that deals with chemical basis of life Prokaryo...

Biochemistry Chapter 1 Biochemistry traits by coding for functional - Chemistry of life proteins or RNA - Science that deals with chemical basis of life Prokaryotes - “Biomolecular” study - Resembles earliest cell - Protein, carbohydrates, - Greek word “karyon” kernel or amino acids, nucleic acid, nut, it means nucleus lipids, fats - Includes: Bacteria and - Human /Individual cell - same type Cyanobacteria (blue green algae) of biomolecules and energy - Single celled organism but formed colony Level Structural Organization in the Human Body Eukaryotes Atom → Molecules → Macromolecules - Means true nucleus, more complex → Organelles → Cell → Tissue → Organs organism → Organ system → Organisms - Multi or single cellular - Includes: Yeast and Paramecium The Beginning of Biology: Origin of Life - Plants and Animals Big Bang Theory - Accepted cosmological Prokaryotic cells theory - DNA of cell is concentrated in one - All matter in universe was region called nuclear region originally confined in a - DNA is not complexed with small volume space protein - Tremendous explosion - Single, closed, circular “primordial fireball” started molecule of DNA to expand - Hydrogen, Helium, Eukaryotic cells Lithium - formed in big - Multicellular plants, animals, bang protista, fungi - Carbon, Oxygen, - Nucleus, Mitochondrion, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Chloroplast - 3 most important Sulfur - most abundant organelles isotopes of biologically important elements Comparison of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Biomolecules Organelles Prokaryote Eukaryote - Miller-Urey Experiment - electric s s discharge, simulating lightning, passed through a close system Nucleus No definite Present - Hydrogen, Methane, nucleus, Ammonia, Water has DNA but separate The Biological Distinction - Prokaryotes from rest of and Eukaryotes cell - Contain DNA - Genome - total DNA of a cell Cell Present Present - Genes - individual units of Membrane hereditary, controlling individual (Plasma Membrane)  Biochemistry Chapter 1 Mitochondria None: Present - Mitochondrion enzymes - 2nd important eukaryotic for organelles - Space in inner membrane oxidation reactions called matrix located on - Folds in inner membrane plasma called cristae membrane - Powerhouse of the cell, energy production Endoplasmic None Present - Rough endoplasmic reticulum reticulum - Contains ribosomes - Site of protein synthesis Ribosomes Present Present - Smooth endoplasmic reticulum - Chloroplasts site of lipid synthesis None, Present - Golgi apparatus - cytoplasmic Photosynth organelle that consist of flattened esis (if membranous sacs, usually involved present) in secretion of proteins localized in - Lysosomes - membrane enclosed chromatoph organelles that contain enzymes ores involved in hydrolytic enzyme - Glyoxysomes - The Cell and its part membrane-enclosed organelles that - Cell contain enzymes involved of - Structural unit and glyoxylate cycle functional unit of all living - Cytosol - portion of the cell that things lies outside the nucleus and the - Basic unit of life other membrane-enclosed - Nucleus organelles - Most important eukaryotic - Cytoskeleton - lattice of fine organelle strands, consisting mostly of - Contain main genetic proteins, that pervades the cytosol apparatus - Vacuoles - cavities within the - Nucleus - portion of nucleus rich cytoplasm of the cell, typically in RNA enclosed by a single membrane, - Chromatin - complex of DNA and that may serve secretory, excretory, protein found in eukaryotic nuclei or storage - Chromosomes - linear structures that contain the genetic material How do we classify Eukaryotes and and associated proteins Prokaryotes? - Ribosomes - site of proteins - 5 kingdom synthesis in all organisms, - Eukaryotes consisting of RNA and protein - 1. Plant - Cell wall - outer coating of - 2. Animal bacterial and plant cells - 3. Fungi - Cell membrane - outer membrane - Prokaryotes of the cell that separates it from - 4. Protist outside the world - 5. Monera