Biochemistry PDF

The undigestibla Substae proeuced Chapter 1: Cell Its Crganelles and Transpen Across Cell membrane by a process called exocytosls, whlc...

The undigestibla Substae proeuced Chapter 1: Cell Its Crganelles and Transpen Across Cell membrane by a process called exocytosls, whlch ls cytoplasO nay be enclosed In membran yeslcles called exocytic veslcles hes lo withln ln human which cell lacks nuceug Menbranes opposlte of endocytosis (Plgure 1.17) These cytoplasmic eexocytic veslcles &. Lymphocyte 23. Asserdon: Ekaryotk cells have the abllty to adopt a interoal surfsce of ie plasma membrane ruptures use wlihA RBC b. Monocytes d Neutroohils varlety of shapes and carryout directed movements Exocytoss 12. Micptubules made up of by whlch proteln? Reason: There sre three principal types of proteln macromolecules from cells to Exocytosls is the release of ofendocvtosit Rv exoctosis The veslcle then releasing into the extracellular space and thetr thelr ubullin ae b. Myosty cin mamen, microtubules and Intermediate (Pkguremembi 1.17),ane reverse erior which is digestive enzymes and etrleved (left behind) and reused ( d. None of these KBoth a$sertion andreason are true and the resson is the bormones, neurotransmitters, from cells. 13. No membrane surrounds ln thls oroanelle: correct explanatlon of the assertion. undigested foretgn partdcles are released 2. Lysosome b Nucleolus b Both assartion and reason are true but the reason ls not KGolgl body Nucleus the correct explanatlon of the assertion. ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS 4 The gytoskeleton includes all of the following, except C Assertion Is true statement but reason isfalse.. Microtubules b. Intermedlate flaments d Both assertion and reason are false Myosin flaments d. Acttn Nlaments 24. GasesSuch as oscygen and carbon dloxide cross the plasm membrane is: 15, Rlbosomes are found: membrane by: 3 Plasma Only In the nucleus conary active transport a Composed entirely of liplds he lpkd blayer SHORT ESSAY QUESTIONS (SEQS) b. Malnly made up of proteins b. In the cytoplasm to the rough endoplasmic retlculum c Specilc aas transoot otens write functions ol Mainty made up of lipid and proteln Draw the structure of eukaryotk cell and Both bandc d. Primary active transport the subcellular organelles two subcellular A Composed of only carbohydrates and lipiele 16. The Golgl apparatus is Involved In: 25. Asubstance can only be accumulated against its electro of any 2. Give structure and function Select the subcelular component a. Packaoiog nretain lot chemkcal gndent by: organelles 3. With the heip of diagram, descrlbe the fAuld mosaic model formation of ATP: involved in b. Plasma membrane b. Alterlng or modiflying protelns G. Producing lysosomes cles a. Fadtltated difusion b. Passage through ion channels a. Nucleus of cell membranes. Mltochondria d. Golgi apparatus vt All of the above c Diffuslon througha unlport membrane with. Enumerate transport processes across cell ochondrial DNA is 17, Which of the following areinvolved with the movementor Actve transport diagrams. Maternal inherlted transport of materials or organelles throughout the cell? 26, Whlch of the following Is an example of primary active of endocytosis, and 5. Write mechanism and Importance b Paternal inherited a. Rough endoplasmkc reticulum transport? exogytosls b. Naa-H exchange Maternal and paternal inherited b. Cytoskeleton Nac G Smooth endoplasmic reticulum exciange Na' K* ATPase d None of the above All of the chalces are true 27. The sodun SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (SAQS) mpamps xelular Na for Intracellular K 6. All of the following statements about the nucle 18. Lysosomes are produced by the: 1. Wrlte types and functions of membrane proteins. true, excep uclear a. Nucleus ws Important lor maintalning aconstant cell volume 2 What are marker enzymes? Name the marker enzymes for membrane is connected to ER b. Mitochondria GCan only be Inhibited by metabolc polsons d. Is an lon channel lysosomes and mitochondrla. itisthe site of storage of genetlc material gl apparatus 3. Whatare the functions of lysosomes? VNucleolus is surrounded by a bilayer membrane d. Rlbosom 28. Whlch of the folowing statements regarding exoytoss d Outer and inner membranes of nucle 19. Major site of RNNA synthesis ls: i5 correct? 4 What are the functions of peroxisomes? are conne at nuclear pores a. Nucleoplasm a Isalways employed by cells for secretion 5. What are the functions of mernbrane carbohydrates? Isused to deliver material into the extracellular space 6. Write difference between passive and active transport 7. Golgiapparatus is produced from which organele) Lb. Nucleolus c Nucleus c Takes up large molecufes from the extraceilular space 7. Infusion of normal saline (0.9% Nad) is preferred over WEndoplasmic reticulu d. All d. Allows the retrieval of elements of the plasma menmbrane b. Plasma membrane 29, Endocytosls ls used by cells to: isotonk 5% glucose solution; Justify. 20. Mitochondria is an organelle of which process, except & What are aquaporins? Write importance of aquaporins. c Mitochondria va. Glycolysis ges bacteria and cel debrls d. Ribosomes elements of the plasma membrane after 9. What are A8C transporters? Wite most important example b. Krebs'cycle exootosis of ABC transporters 8. Peroxisomes arise from: G. Biosynthesis of urea a. Golgl membrane d. Fatty acid oxidation c Secrete large molecules into the extracelular space d. None of the above b. Lysosomes 21. Give name of organelle, whichis surrounded by adouble 30, The sodium-potassium pump transports. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCOS) c Mitochondria layered wall. WMore Na out than K in Pre-existing peroxisomes and budding off from a. Lysosome b. Plasma membrane b. K' out and Na In on a one-for-one basis 1. The folloving is the metabolic functlon of ER: smooth ER G Golgl apparatus vNucleus a. RNA processing G. Na' out and K in on a one-forrone bass 22. Assertion: A cell membrane shows fuld behavior. d. K'and Nat in the same direction b Fatty acid oxidation 9. Na-K* ATPase is the marker enzyme of: Vsnthesis of plasma protein a. Nucleus b. Plasma membrane Reason: Amembrane is a mosale or composite af diverse 31. Exocytosis is aprocess by whlch cells: d ATP-synthess c Golgi bodies d. Cytosol lipids and protelns. K Pass substances out of the cell In vesicles 2. In biologic membranes, integral proteins and lipids 10. The rough endoplasmic reticulum In the cells Is bra Va. Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is b. Pass substances out of the cell through the membrane Interact mainly by: of the presence of: the correct explanatlon of the Assertlon. by osmosis a Covalent bond b. Both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not c Release substarces directly into the extracellular fiuid a. Mitochondria assoclated with ER through a pore b. Both hydrophobic and covalent bond M. Ribosomes on the surface of ER c Asserton lstre statemet false CHydrogen and electrostatic bond d. Release substances directly Into the extracellular fuid C Ca granules on the surface of ER d. Both Assertlon and Reason are falses ements alse stateme through a pit d None of the above d Sulphur granules on t esrface of ER  age,partialdoubBIe Henderson Hass poly! structureof ary 20 Chapter 1: Cell, its Organelles and Transport Across Cell Membranes 32. Cystic fibrosis active transport results from defective ion channels for: is correct for a. Nat O. Which of the followina processes? concentration. Catt molecules or jons against d Iransport d. H* gradient. gradient ions against electrical 33. Substances transported by facilitated diffusion: D. Iransport molecules or. Move passively through CAre often referred to as pumps. of specific channels from an greater concentration to one of lower area e. All of the above b Must have concentration 37. Facilitated diffusion transport molecules: substances movements coupled to those of other a. Against concentration gradient G. May flow to a region of higher ith the concentration gradient expenditure of energy concentration by the C. d. Always use energy d. Are Does not require carrier protein restricted to only one direction through the membrane 38. The exocytosis requires which ion: 34. The methods of Cat b. Nat membrane transport that don't require protein channels or carriers are: C. K* d. Fe a. Exocytosis b. Diffusion ANSWERS FOR MCOS c Phagocytosis 1. c 2. c All of the above 3. C 4. c 5. a 6. C 7. a 8. d 9. b 35. In erythrocyte glucose 11. c 10. b a. Simple diffusion transport is an example of: 16. d 12, a 13. c 14. c 15. d 17. d 18, c b. Active transport 21. d 19. b 20. a 22. a 23. a 26. d 24. b 25. d e Facilitated diffusion 27. b 28. b 29. a d. lon driven active transport 31. a 32. b 33, a 30. a 36. d 34. d 35. c 37. b 38. a  9. 8 36 6. Gadon WrteWrite 3. SHORT 2. 1. Process hycoides. chinlcally Gve Whar 3. 1. "Glyeaton:Carbabydrates proteoglycan?What GiveName Write SHORT 3 2 1. GLYCOSYLATION GLYCATION AND ietary nyimporant feience Whatshcogen? Whetisohycoproteins7 ma5 patholoeton-enymate STRUCTURED proces tachment solubliry faclitate Stablization protetn lts of is lmportance Decnbe Descrbe Drscnbe LONG glycolde? diagrammatic functlons are dsllerent and and ANSWER ESSAY Funcoons ance gycosaminoghyan produces difference biologcbeadin5 glycosylatlon to between important Ghve ghycocamnogycanscarbohydrates the ypes of QUESTIONS Glycauon of Name QUESTIONS example carbohydrates. Wte free protetns a of lycation representation of QUESTION (SLEGS) ESSAY sugars marure lose. onosacchaide any gbycosaminogycans. berween Wite ts importance under s are of its (SEQS) Glycosytatton two each (SA0S)imporance. Gve to he proteln nwo denaruration against ind under followng and therapeutie dferent t the nonenzymade nechansms glycoprotelns sugar derivatives stadon. sugar offollowing proeins of with derivativesproteoglycan types headings is ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS n Chapter2: important its headings: serious and enyna has whicb ee ol clinlcal covalen wich and thelr adka Chenlstry 10. 9, 8. 7. Glycosaminoglycans 6. 5. are: 4 3. " 1, MULTIPLE of Glvco0en a. Agar a. as The GEEfldoseAStarch Which a, acld?Which E a aical ractions Ghich Dd a occur S/Detrans Hyaluronkc 9lcosaminoglycansisunsulfaten acid Disaccharide a. thelollowing Whichof Which AAIctOse All diabetes predeterminedhemoglobin. plasma polysacharlde Arabinose Glycogen nalin homopolysaccharlde Heteroglycans necarbohydrate the Gold hatoricolCatbolydrates rate yaurofonicacid of of following substltute the the the Irvolved aecharide QUESTIONS CHOI (MCos) CE apparatus following following following orocess. The consequences. whlch of are bloodstream. Glycaton s eabtliy athe in regon Lncreased used l: the composed he play defned postuanslational is is carbohydrate Starch Dextrin d. b.usedDextrind.called notsulfated. d.Heparan GAGs Keratan sulfateHomoglycans d. d. b, IoufinA. Maltose d. blood d. Agarb. In Inulin Glycogen b. Starch b. blosSynthess aThe of hydrolyzed Keratan sulfate Matoe a of onic Noneof endoplasmle Protein. ma