Cellular Metabolism PDF
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This document provides a helpful overview of cellular metabolism, including basic concepts like homeostasis, substance exchange, and energy production. It explores primary and secondary processes, anabolism, catabolism, and the role of enzymes in these reactions.
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**[CELLULAR METABOLISM]** -**metabolism,** chemical reactions that occur in a cell, keep homeostasis, production of necessary substances, degradation of useless substances, exchange of substances, growth -**primary level**- processes important for obtaining energy and basic processes in cell (prot...
**[CELLULAR METABOLISM]** -**metabolism,** chemical reactions that occur in a cell, keep homeostasis, production of necessary substances, degradation of useless substances, exchange of substances, growth -**primary level**- processes important for obtaining energy and basic processes in cell (proteosynthesis, DNA synthesis, photosynthesis) -**secondary level**- processes which pick up on primary processes (metabolism of pigment) -**catabolism**- larger molecules broken down into smaller molecules, exergonic- energy is released **-anabolism**- smaller molecules form larger molecules, endergonic- requires energy **-material metabolism**- absorption of substance, change synthesis or breakdown, release of substance **-energy metabolism**- income energy, change of energy into other form, storage and release of energy -**phototrophs**- create their own energy, usually green plants **-chemotrophs**- use energy from chemical bonds **-autotrophs-** uptake inorganic carbon dioxide **-heterotrophs-** uptake carbon from glucose **-aerobic-** life depends on oxygen **-anaerobic-** no presence of oxygen **-facultative anaerobic-** perform anaerobic metabolism but need oxygen for survival **TRANSPORT OF ENERGY IN A CELL** **-ATP**- adenosine triphosphate, carrier of cellular energy, macroergic bonds (high energy bonds) -created by aerobic respiration (mitochondria), anaerobic respiration (cytoplasm), glycolysis (cytoplasm) **-**free energy for locomotion and bioluminescence (mycena chlorophos- bioluminescent mushrooms) **Phosphorylation-** ADP+ Pi ATP **Dephosphorylation-** ATP ADP+ Pi (inorganic phosphate) -**Enzymes** -protein part- apoenzyme, non-protein part- coenzyme **-**accessory organic protein part- cofactor -every enzyme is a protein of a different type consisting of different amino acid combinations -**specificity** -functional- enzyme catalyzes only one specific chemical reaction e.g. dehydrogenase -substrate- enzyme catalyzes only one specific substrate e.g. elimination of glucose
