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What is the primary function of metabolism in a cell?
What is the primary function of metabolism in a cell?
Which term describes the process of breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones?
Which term describes the process of breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones?
Which category of nutrients do autotrophs primarily uptake?
Which category of nutrients do autotrophs primarily uptake?
What distinguishes facultative anaerobes from obligate anaerobes?
What distinguishes facultative anaerobes from obligate anaerobes?
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What is the primary role of ATP in cellular metabolism?
What is the primary role of ATP in cellular metabolism?
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What process converts ADP and inorganic phosphate into ATP?
What process converts ADP and inorganic phosphate into ATP?
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What part of an enzyme is described as the protein part?
What part of an enzyme is described as the protein part?
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Which type of enzyme specificity is only directed towards a particular chemical reaction?
Which type of enzyme specificity is only directed towards a particular chemical reaction?
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Study Notes
Cellular Metabolism
- Metabolism: Chemical reactions in cells, maintains homeostasis, produces needed substances, breaks down waste, and facilitates growth.
- Primary Level: Essential processes for energy production and basic cell functions (e.g., protein synthesis, DNA synthesis, photosynthesis).
- Secondary Level: Processes built on primary processes, including pigment metabolism.
- Catabolism: Large molecules broken down into smaller molecules, releasing energy.
- Anabolism: Smaller molecules combined to form larger molecules, requiring energy.
- Material Metabolism: Involves substance absorption, transformation, and release.
- Energy Metabolism: Conversion of different energy types, storage, and release.
- Phototrophs: Organisms creating their own energy, mostly green plants.
- Chemotrophs: Organisms utilizing energy from chemical bonds.
- Autotrophs: Organisms obtaining carbon from inorganic sources (like CO2).
- Heterotrophs: Organisms obtaining carbon from organic sources (like glucose).
- Aerobic: Organisms needing oxygen for life processes.
- Anaerobic: Organisms living without oxygen.
- Facultative Anaerobic: Organisms that can function with or without oxygen.
Transport of Energy in a Cell
- ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate): Cellular energy carrier molecule with high-energy bonds.
- ATP creation: Occurs via aerobic respiration (mitochondria) or anaerobic respiration (cytoplasm). Glycolysis is a cytoplasmic process.
- Energy for other functions: ATP provides energy for movement and processes like bioluminescence in some organisms (e.g., mushrooms).
- Phosphorylation: ADP gains a phosphate group to become ATP.
- Dephosphorylation: ATP releases a phosphate group to become ADP.
Enzymes
- Enzymes: Protein catalysts.
- Apoenzyme: Protein portion of an enzyme.
- Coenzymes: Non-protein portion of an enzyme.
- Cofactors: Non-protein accessory components for enzyme function.
- Specificity: Each enzyme catalyzes a specific chemical reaction.
- Functional Enzymes: Enzymes for specific chemical reactions, e.g., dehydrogenases.
- Substrate Specificity: Enzymes catalyze the reaction only on certain substrates, e.g., glucose elimination.
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Description
Explore the intricate world of cellular metabolism, including the essential processes for energy production and cell function. Delve into concepts such as catabolism, anabolism, and the roles of various organisms like phototrophs and chemotrophs in energy conversion. This quiz provides a foundation for understanding how cells maintain homeostasis and support life.
