Reproductive System PDF

First Year Comp Review Reproductive System Male Primary Function:Spermatogenesis(making of sperm) Takes place in the Testes (in seminiferous tubules) Sperm matures in the Epididymis Location:posterior side of testes Maturation consists of:...

First Year Comp Review Reproductive System Male Primary Function:Spermatogenesis(making of sperm) Takes place in the Testes (in seminiferous tubules) Sperm matures in the Epididymis Location:posterior side of testes Maturation consists of: Growth of tail for swimming and making of enzymes to penetrate oocyte(egg) Tube that carries sperm to ampulla (pouch posterior to UB where sperm is stored): Vas (ductus) deferens Sperm Released into Prostatic urethra (section of urethra within prostate) 3 glands that make seminal fluid: 1. Seminal vesicles (posterior side of UB, right next to ampulla) 2. Prostate (inferior to UB within pelvic cavity) 3. Cowper’s glands (inferior to prostate) Parasympathetic Nervous System Stimulates penile arteriole dilation which leads to erection Sympathetic Nervous System Stimulates Ejaculation Female Primary Function: Oogenesis (making of oocytes) Takes place in the Ovaries (spec in ovarian follicles) Each month, 1 follicle matures beyond the others. It is now called a Graafian follicle Development of this follicle is stimulated by Follicle stimulating hormone On Day _14_____ of a women’s cycle, this follicle will ovulate This is triggered by surge in Luteinizing hormone (LH) Empty follicle is now called Corpus Luteum Ovulated egg travels down Fallopian tubes to the uterus Location of uterus: Superior/posterior to UB, anterior to rectum During delivery, Cervix (neck of the uterus, projects into vaginal canal) dilates Female Reproductive Cycle Day 1-5ish: Menstrual phase (Day 1 is first day of bleeding), All reproductive related hormones are at lowest levels except FSH Day 5-14: Preovulatory phase, FSH and estrogen (starts rebuilding uterine lining) will be elevated, LH will start to rise. Day 14: Surge in LH, triggers ovulation Day 14-28:Post ovulatory phase or luteal phase; Estrogen and progesterone will be elevated to prepare for potential pregnancy. If pregnancy occurs, they stay elevated. If not, those hormones drop and trigger next menstrual cycle.