BIO 1160 Lab 2 Vertebrae, Ribs, Pectoral Girdle F24 - Student.pdf

BIO 1160: Lab 2 Vertebrae, Ribs & Pectoral Girdle Prepared by: Scott Lehbauer & Stacia Nelson Today in lab Spine Ribs Sternum Clavicle Scapula Humerus (if time permits) Pearson Education, 2010  The vertebral column contains 32...

BIO 1160: Lab 2 Vertebrae, Ribs & Pectoral Girdle Prepared by: Scott Lehbauer & Stacia Nelson Today in lab Spine Ribs Sternum Clavicle Scapula Humerus (if time permits) Pearson Education, 2010  The vertebral column contains 32-34 bones in infants and 26 bones in adults. The 5 categories of the bones in the vertebral colum: 1. CERVICAL (7 vertebrae) 2. THORACIC (12 vertebrae) The Vertebrae 3. LUMBAR (5 vertebrae) 4. SACRAL (5 fused vertebrae in adults, vertebrae fuse by the age of 25-30 5. COCCYX (3 to 5 fused vertebrae in adults, vertebrae fuse by the age of 26 to 32) Commonly called the tailbone.  The Vertebrae General Comparison between Cervical, Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebrae Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Vertebrae General Structures Spinous Process Lamina Transverse Process Pedicle Vertebral Foramen Body  Spinous Process Vertebrae Lamina Transverse Process General Structures Vertebral Foramen Pedicle Body Vertebrae General Structures Superior Articulating Facet Intervertebral Foramen Inferior Articulating Facet Intervertebral Disc Atlas – C1 the first cervical vertebrae Superior articulating facets (Articulate with occipital condyles ) Atlas (C1) - is modified to articulate with the occipital condyles at the base of the skull. It lacks a spinous process and a body Axis – C2 the second cervical vertebrae. Odontoid Axis C2 – acts as a pivot in turning Process the head side to side. Has a large tooth-like projection in the odontoid process or dens Cervical Vertebrae C3 – C6 Transverse Foramen Cervical Vertebrae General Characteristics. 1. Size – they are the smallest of the vertebral types. 2. They contain transverse foramina, which allow passage of the vertebral arteries. 3. They have a bifid spinous process. Bifid Spinous Process C7 – The Vertebral Prominens C7 - is easily palpable at the back Transverse Foramen of your neck. It is still a cervical vertebrae due to the transverse foramina but does not have a bifid spine  Thoracic Vertebrae T1 – T12 Elongated Transverse Process Thoracic Vertebrae General Characteristics 1. Size – These vertebrae are larger than cervical but smaller than lumbar vertebrae 2. Transverse Processes – these vertebrae have elongated transverse processes for articulation with the ribs. 3. Spinous Process – these vertebrae have elongated downward pointing spinous processes Elongated Spinous Process Lumbar Vertebrae L1-L5 Spinous Process Lumbar Vertebrae General Characteristics 1. Size – These are the largest and strongest individual vertebrae. 2. Spinous Process – the spinous process points straight out rather than downward. 3. Processes – in general are blunt, large processes Large Body  General Comparison between Cervical, Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebrae  Sacral Vertebrae S1-S5 Sacroiliac Joint Sacral Vertebrae – are five fused vertebrae. The sacral nerves exit through the sacral foramina. the sacrum is wedged between the iliac bones. (Sacroiliac joint) Sacral Foramen  Coccyx (Tailbone) Coccyx- is composed of 3 to 5 vertebrae fused into one unit. Coccyx Ribs – General Structures Neck Head Tubercle Shaft The Ribs True Ribs – 7 pairs False Ribs – 3 pairs Floating Ribs – 2 pairs Distinguish between true, false, and floating ribs, including their connections to the sternum and vertebrae. True Ribs True Ribs attached by costal cartilage to the sternum 7 pairs Costal Cartilage False Ribs attached by costal cartilage to the costal cartilage of the 7th rib. 3 pairs False Ribs Floating Ribs the inferior 2 pairs of ribs do not attach anteriorly 2 pairs Floating Ribs Sternum – General Structures Supra Sternal Notch Manubrium Sternal Body Angle Xiphoid Process Clavicle General Structure Sternal End Acromial End Scapula POSTERIOR Scapula - General Structures Acromion process Superior Angle Spine of the Scapula Medial Border Lateral Border Inferior Angle LATERAL Scapula - General Structures Coracoid Process Acromion process Supraglenoid tubercle Infraglenoid tubercle Glenoid Fossa Scapula General Structures Supraspinous Fossa Scapular Notch Infraspinous Fossa Anterior & Superior View of the Scapula Posterior View of the Scapula Humerus Humerus – General Structures Proximal Greater Head Tuberosity Lesser Tuberosity Humerus – General Structures Intertubercular Groove Anatomical Neck Surgical Neck Humerus – General Structures Intertubercular Groove Anatomical Neck Surgical Neck Humerus – General Structures Deltoid Tuberosity Coronoid Fossa Radial Fossa Capitulum Trochlea Humerus – General Structures Lateral Medial Epicondyle Epicondyle Olecranon Fossa Practice Quiz Question 1 A A.) Name the structure Labeled A. b.) Name the hole labeled B. B Practice Quiz Question 2 A a) Name the structure labeled A. b) Name the structure labeled B. B Practice Quiz A Question 3 a) Name the structure labeled A. b) Name the groove labeled B. c) Which bone articulates with the groove labelled B? B Practice Quiz Question 4 A.) What type of rib is this? B.) Name the groove labeled B. A B Practice Quiz Answers Question 1 a) dens/odontoid process b) transverse foramina Question 2 a) manubrium b) xiphoid process Question 3 a) acromion process b) glenoid process c) Humerus Question 4 a) True rib b) olecranon fossa (of the humerus)