Bio-111_M1_Lesson-1.-Zoology-and-its-Branches.pdf

The Lesson Structure : General Zoology Module No. and Module 1: Introduction Title Lesson No. and Lesson 1. Zoology and Its Branches Title At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:  Identify various branches and sub...

The Lesson Structure : General Zoology Module No. and Module 1: Introduction Title Lesson No. and Lesson 1. Zoology and Its Branches Title At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:  Identify various branches and sub-disciplines in zoology; Module Learning  Trace the history and contribution of famous scientist to Outcomes Zoology;  Identify a contribution of Filipino Zoologist to the current State of Knowledge;  Highlight a career spotlight for zoologists; Time Frame 8-9 Hours Introduction Welcome! Let’s explore the study the aspects of the animal kingdom and its branches! Let us go dipper into the earliest attempts of organizing the knowledge about different life forms that live around us. Let us also appreciate how zoologists have played a crucial role in understanding our world. You will also learn the Filipino zoologist and their contributions. The activities will include viewing links and videos, reading, analysis and application and will take you 8-9 hours to finish. Activity Activity 1 Familiarization of Zoology and Its Branches Instruction: Read the abstraction section (below) and familiarize of Zoology and Its Branches Activity 2. Expanding Career Connections Zoology is a wide field offering many career opportunities for research, especially because there still is a great deal to learn about it. A career in zoology offers an opportunity to make a difference to the planet’s ecology through conservation work. Instruction: Please follow the links and find out the career opportunities related to zoology: 1.https://www.prospects.ac.uk/careers-advice/what-can-i-do-with- my-degree/zoology 2.https://www.aboutbioscience.org/careers/zoologist/ Activity 3. Knowing a Filipino Zoologist Prepared by Ggumanao, RTejada and J. Alipoyo 1  Instruction: View the Following Video of a Filipino Zoologists: 1. https://www.flipscience.ph/news/features- news/features/national-scientist-angel-alcala/ A Pinoy Pioneer In Marine Biodiversity And Reef Conservation 2. http://heroes.aseanbiodiversity.org/?s=Angel+C.+Alcala Asean Biodiversity Hero in the Philippines 3. https://www.facebook.com/ASEANBiodiversity/videos/2644 36538142858 Asean Biodiversity Heroes Analysis 1. What are the career opportunities of Zoologist? Expound. 2. Using any method (e.g. drawing, poem, artwork, painting) illustrate the contribution of Dr. Angel C. Alcala to Zoology in the Philippines. Abstraction The development of technology in the 20th century, particularly the technology to describe and manipulate the genetic material, DNA, has transformed biology. This transformation will allow biologists to continue to understand the history of life in greater detail, how the human body works, our human origins, and how humans can survive as a species on this planet despite the stresses caused by our increasing numbers. Biologists continue to decipher huge mysteries about life suggesting that we have only begun to understand life on the planet, its history, and our relationship to it. Biology is the culmination of the achievements of the natural sciences from their inception to today. Excitingly, it is the cradle of emerging sciences, such as the biology of brain activity, genetic engineering of custom organisms, and the biology of evolution that uses the laboratory tools of molecular biology to retrace the earliest stages of life on earth. From our own bodies to the world we live in, discoveries in biology can affect us in very direct and important ways. We depend on these discoveries for our health, our food sources, and the benefits provided by our ecosystem. Because of this, knowledge of biology can benefit us in making decisions in our day-to-day lives. Biology is broad and includes many branches and sub-disciplines. Examples include molecular biology, microbiology, neurobiology, zoology, and botany, among others. Zoology is the branch of biology dealing with animals and the animal kingdom. Since it is such a large branch of biology, there are many branches of zoology. Below is a list of the most common branches of zoology. GENERAL BRANCHES OF ZOOLOGY Anatomy The study of the internal structure of animals Prepared by Ggumanao, RTejada and J. Alipoyo 2  Cytology The study of cell structure, its organelles, and their functions Ecology The relationship between the organisms and their surrounding environments Embryology The study of the development of eggs after fertilization Evolution The study of the origin of animals and their adaptation to their environments over time Genetics The study of heredity and its variations Geology The study of the earth and life as recorded by fossils in rocks Histology The study of the structure and functions of tissues Morphology The study of the form and structure of animals Paleontology The study of fossils and extinct animals Applied Branches of Zoology (Phylum Specific Branches) Zoology is also applied to specific groups of animals indicated in the table below: Branches Description Acarology The study of tics and mites Anthropology The study of apes (and man) Carcinology The study of crustaceans Conchology The study of mulluscan shells Entomology The study of insects Helminthology The study of parasitic worms Herpetology The study of reptiles and amphibians. Ichthyology The study of fish Lepidopterology The study of butter flies and moths Malacology The study of mollusks Mammalogy The study of mammals Myrmecology The study of ants Nematology The study of nematodes Ornithology The study of birds Pioneer Zoologists and Their Contributions Zoological studies as the branch of biology, which studies all aspects of the animal kingdom and their interaction with the environment, have possibly been the earliest attempts of organizing the knowledge about different life forms that live around us. Beginning from the classification and nomenclature of animals and plants to animal genome, zoologists Prepared by Ggumanao, RTejada and J. Alipoyo 3  have played a crucial role in understanding our world. These are being brought to us by famous zoologists who give their best efforts to the overall knowledge and we are privileged to have access to today. Below are the examples of the pioneer zoologist and their contributions. Aristotle (348 BC – 322 BC) Aristotle is best known as one of the most prominent philosophers of all time. He was also an esteemed student of Plato and later became Alexander the Great’s teacher. Although less known as a zoologist, Aristotle is to be thanked for the first-ever classification of the animal kingdom. Aristotle also wrote seminal zoological works that laid the base for the structured study of zoology for all of its subsequent successors to this day. Those works are De Generatione Animalium, Historia Animalium, and De Partibus Animalium. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1774 – 1829) De Lamarck is perhaps one of the most controversial figures in the study of evolution. He started as a botanist, but after he was given an invitation to join the Jardin des Plantes, he became a zoologist. Even though most will associate his name with the ideas behind organic evolution, he has made significant contributions to zoology in general. It is also less known that Lamarck was almost a predecessor of Schwann and Schleiden concerning their cell theory, as he came very close to defining it nearly 40 years before them. He is best known for advocating the theory of inheritance of acquired characters along with the tree of life. Carl Linnaeus (1707 – 1778) Linnaeus was a famous botanist, physician, and zoologist who is considered to be the father of modern taxonomy. During his life, and especially during the 1750s, he classified an extraordinary number of animals that he collected on his own. Linnaeus was a strong influence for many famous philosophers and writers, including Jean Jacques Rousseau, who considered him to be the greatest man on Earth. One of his most prominent works Systema Naturae, where he introduced his taxonomy. Charles Darwin (1809 – 1882) Darwin is, by far, the most famous of all the zoologists on this list. He is known for his groundbreaking book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, published in the 19th century. According to Darwin, all species have come from a common ancestor and have evolved through the process of natural selection. His continuous insights and studies on different classes of animals have resulted in an immense collection of data, which was later published through his books. He was also named as the father of biology due to his efforts to popularize Prepared by Ggumanao, RTejada and J. Alipoyo 4  biological studies. Alfred Russel Wallace (1823 – 1931) Before Darwin, Wallace was the one who came up with his own theory of natural selection. It was his work that influenced Darwin and his Theory of Evolution. He is regarded as the father of biogeography due to his research on the basin of the river Amazon. He defined a line (called the Wallace Line) that separates the Indonesian archipelago in areas containing species of Australian origin and those of Indian origin. Jane Morris Goodall (1934 – ) Goodall is an anthropologist and naturalist famous for her decades-long study of chimpanzees in Tanzania. She is considered to be a world- renown expert on chimpanzees in general and held the role of UN’s Messenger of Peace. Goodall also established the global Jane Goodall Institute dedicated to conservation efforts and the study of chimpanzees. She is also known to be a fierce environmental advocate. Currently, most zoologists are employed by colleges and universities, where they engage in research and teach students. Zoology specializations involve work with animals, either in the wild or in a lab. Some zoologists study the entire organism while other zoologists study only parts of an organism. Also, zoology is not merely an observational pastime for natural history buffs; it involves analytical research and experimental laboratory components, just as all other biological sciences do. As with other disciplines, zoologists work outdoors in the field and in laboratories using a wide variety of scientific equipment. Some zoologists conduct field research in remote areas and harsh climates, which can involve strenuous physical activity and primitive living conditions. Application Reflection: 1. Which pioneer scientist do you feel had the most influence in zoology? 2. If you choose zoology as your career, which applied branch of zoology will you choose and why? Expand the discussion to the benefits it can provide to humans and environment. Assessment Formative Assessment (See analysis and application) Formative Assessment (Part of Midterm Exam) Closure Congratulations to your great efforts! You have finished the activities and tasks for Lesson. It is expected that you are inspired by the works of the early zoologist. Now you understood the connection of our own bodies to the world we live in including our dependence on these discoveries for our health, our food sources, and the benefits provided by our ecosystem. Rest and relax for a while as we move on the next Prepared by Ggumanao, RTejada and J. Alipoyo 5  lesson. God Bless! References Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. Reece and Campbell (2011). Basic Biology. McGraw-Hill Education, 2 Penn Plaza, New York. Sharma, AK. 2013. Concepts in Cell Biology (5th ed). ANMOL PUBLICATIONS PVT. LTD. Star C.,Evers C., and Starr L. 2014 Biology (2 nd ed). Cengage Learning. Asia Pte/ Ltd. Hickman C.P., Roberts L.S. and Larson A. 2006. Integrated Principles of Zoology (9th ed). Mosby Yearbook Inc. Miller, S.A. and Harley, J.P. 2016. Zoology (10th ed). McGrawHill Education. Other References: Links indicated above Prepared by Ggumanao, RTejada and J. Alipoyo 6  MODULE IN BIO 111 ZOOLOGY Prepared by Ggumanao, RTejada and J. Alipoyo 7