BEH 5041 Unit 7 ASRs PDF

**Unit 7 ASRs** **7.1** **Task B.16.** Identify examples of motivating operations. 1\. Antecedents have an effect on behavior due to their relation with a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Answer: Consequence 2\. Discriminative stimuli get their evocative and abative effects by: a\. Signaling whether a consequen...

**Unit 7 ASRs** **7.1** **Task B.16.** Identify examples of motivating operations. 1\. Antecedents have an effect on behavior due to their relation with a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Answer: Consequence 2\. Discriminative stimuli get their evocative and abative effects by: a\. Signaling whether a consequence is available or unavailable b\. Altering the value of a consequence Answer: a 3\. List the two types of motivating operations: Answer: Establishing operation and abolishing operation 4\. List the two effects of motivating operations: Answer: Value-altering and behavior-altering effects 5\. What effect does a motivating operation have on behavior? a\. Alters the value b\. Elicits a response c\. Evokes or abates d\. Strengthens or weakens Answer: c 6\. The value-altering effect of a motivating operation alters the effectiveness of a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Answer: Consequence 7\. Having just consumed plenty of food is considered food: a\. Deprivation b\. Satiation Answer: b 8\. Food satiation \_\_\_\_\_ the effectiveness (value) of food as a reinforcer. a\. Increases b\. Decreases Answer: b 9\. Since food satiation decreases the effectiveness (value) of food as a reinforcer, one is \_\_\_\_\_ likely to engage in behavior that has resulted in food in the past. a\. Less b\. More Answer: a 10\. "Behavior that has resulted in food in the past" can be considered a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ class. Answer: Response class 11\. List some behaviors that could be part of the response class of "behavior that has resulted in food in the past": **7.2** 1\. An antecedent that "signals" whether a consequence is available or unavailable means: b\. That antecedent increases or decreases the effectiveness (value) of the consequence Answer: a 2\. All discriminative stimuli (SDs) are referred to as either unconditioned or conditioned stimuli. a\. True b\. False Answer: b 3\. The terms "conditioned stimulus" and "unconditioned stimulus" are only used when describing antecedents involved in reflexes---these are respondent terms. Discriminative stimuli are involved in operant relations and not in reflexes. Therefore, the terms "conditioned or conditioned stimuli" are not used to describe discriminative stimuli. Discriminative stimuli are conditioned as SDs, SΔs, or SDPs; but they are not conditioned as "conditioned stimuli." a\. Not having anything to drink for many hours b\. Just finished drinking a large bottle of water c\. The sight of a bottle filled with water d\. The sight of an empty water bottle Answer: c **7.3** 1\. A motivating operation can alter the effectiveness of: a\. A reinforcer b\. A punisher c\. Behavior d\. A discriminative stimulus Answer: a, b 2\. Sashimi is likely to be most valuable to Jose when he: a\. Is at a sushi restaurant b\. Has not eaten for 24 hours c\. Just ate a big meal d\. Went for a walk alone in his neighborhood Answer: b 3\. In which situation would sashimi have been more likely available in the past for asking for it? a\. When Jose has not eaten for 24 hours b\. After Jose just ate a big meal c\. When Jose is at a sushi restaurant d\. When Jose is on a walk alone in his neighborhood Answer: c 4\. Sashimi is likely to be least valuable to Jose when he: b\. Has not eaten for 24 hours c\. Just ate a big meal d\. Went for a walk alone in his neighborhood Answer: c 5\. In which situation would sashimi have been least likely available in the past for asking for it? a\. When Jose has not eaten for 24 hours b\. After Jose just ate a big meal c\. When Jose is at a sushi restaurant d\. When Jose is on a walk alone in his neighborhood Answer: d **7.4** 1\. Under what conditions is behavior least likely to occur? a\. SD and EOSR+ b\. SΔ and EOSR+ c\. SD and AOSR+ d\. SΔ and AOSR+ Answer: d 2\. Under what conditions is behavior most likely to occur? a\. SD and EOSR+ b\. SΔ and EOSR+ c\. SD and AOSR+ d\. SΔ and AOSR+ Answer: a 3\. Under what conditions is Jose's behavior of asking for sashimi most likely to occur? a\. When Jose is at a sushi restaurant and just ate a big meal b\. When Jose is at a sushi restaurant and has not eaten for 24 hours 4\. Under what conditions is Jose's behavior of asking for sashimi least likely to occur? a\. When Jose is at a sushi restaurant and just ate a big meal b\. When Jose is at a sushi restaurant and has not eaten for 24 hours Answer: c 5\. Leroi has been traveling on a long work trip and has not been able to see his daughter in over two weeks. Leroi schedules the earliest flight of the day to get home to his daughter as soon as possible. This is an example of an: a\. AO b\. EO c\. SD d\. S∆ Answer: a 6\. Carley has been in search of a new computer. Her husband surprised her by purchasing her one without telling her. Later in the day, Carley\'s friend offers to accompany her to the electronics store to browse, but Carley declines. This is an example of an: a\. AO b\. EO c\. SD d\. S∆ Answer: a **7.5** 1\. The effect of the MO on behavior is called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_; The effect of the MO on the consequence is called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Answer: behavior-altering effect; value-altering effect 2\. An establishing effect of an MO \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the effectiveness (value) of the consequence; An abolishing effect of an MO \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the effectiveness (value) of the consequence. Answer: increases; decreases 3\. Deprivation from popcorn increases the effectiveness of popcorn as a reinforcer and evokes asking for popcorn. What is the value-altering effect? a\. Deprivation from popcorn b\. Asking for popcorn is evoked c\. Receiving popcorn d\. Popcorn increased in effectiveness as a reinforcer Answer: d 4\. A cold temperature decreases the effectiveness of a cold glass of water as a reinforcer and abates drinking a cold glass of water. What is the value-altering effect? a\. A cold glass of water decreased in effectiveness as a reinforcer b\. A cold glass of water c\. A cold temperature d\. Drinking a cold glass of water is abated Answer: a 5\. Holding your breath underwater increases the effectiveness of breathable air as a reinforcer and evokes coming up out of water for air. What is the value-altering effect? a\. Coming up out of water is evoked b\. Breathable air increased in effectiveness as a reinforcer c\. Getting a breath of air d\. Deprivation from breathable air Answer: b **7.6** 1\. The onset of a headache increases the effectiveness of the removal of the headache as a reinforcer and evokes taking medicine. What is the value-altering effect? b\. The onset of the headache c\. Taking medicine is evoked d\. The removal of the headache 2\. Lacey is working on a project at work, but a computer glitch delays her. She contacts her company's IT department for assistance. What is the value-altering effect of the computer glitch? a\. Evokes contacting the IT department c\. Signals that assistance from the IT department is available d\. Signals that assistance from the IT department is unavailable Answer: b 3\. Joseph's arms and shoulders are sore from an intense workout. Every afternoon, Joseph walks his dog Rocky along a route where he typically sees one of his neighbor's dogs out in the yard. Whenever Rocky sees one of these dogs, he begins to pull hard on the leash. Today, Joseph decided to avoid this route. What is the value-altering effect of Joseph's sore arms and shoulders? a\. Abates taking Rocky on the route with the neighbor's dog c\. Signals that Rocky pulling on the leash is available d\. Signals that Rocky pulling on the leash is unavailable Answer: b 4\. Stephan enjoys sitting down in his favorite rocking chair and reading a book every evening. This evening, he took some medication that made him drowsy and less likely to sit down to read. What is the value-altering effect of medication-induced drowsiness? a\. Abates reading b\. Decreases the effectiveness of a book as a consequence c\. Signals a book is available d\. Signals a book is unavailable Answer: b 5\. Xavier enjoys writing papers, but detests public speaking, and usually gets poor grades on speeches, which often causes him to feel highly nervous and nauseated. He does everything he can to avoid delivering presentations in person, even to the point where he avoids practicing. Despite this, he must present in front of his class as part of his semester\'s final project. However, a week before his presentation, Xavier is told that he can write a paper instead of giving a speech. Xavier immediately stops feeling nauseated and begins working on the paper. What is the value-altering effect of Xavier\'s presentation moving to a written format? a\. Abates practicing his presentation b\. Decreases the effectiveness of avoidance as a consequence c\. Evokes practicing his presentation d\. Increases the effectiveness of avoidance as a consequence Answer: b 6\. The behavior-altering effect of a motivating operation changes the topography of the behavior. a\. True b\. False Answer: b **7.7** 1\. An EO^SR^ \_\_\_\_\_\_ behavior; An AO^SR^ \_\_\_\_\_\_ behavior. Answer: evokes; abates 2\. Deprivation from popcorn increases the effectiveness of popcorn as a reinforcer and evokes asking for popcorn. What is the behavior-altering effect? a\. Asking for popcorn is evoked b\. Receiving popcorn c\. Deprivation from popcorn d\. Popcorn increased in effectiveness as a reinforcer Answer: a 3\. Having just run a marathon decreases the effectiveness of access to a treadmill as a reinforcer and abates going to the gym and running on a treadmill. What is the behavior-altering effect? a\. Satiation of physical activity b\. Access to a treadmill decreased in effectiveness as a reinforcer c\. Going to the gym and running on the treadmill is abated d\. Access to a treadmill Answer: c 4\. Lacey is working on a project at work, but a computer glitch delays her. She contacts her company's IT department for assistance. What is the behavior-altering effect of the computer glitch? a\. Evokes contacting the IT department c\. Signals that assistance from the IT department is available d\. Signals that assistance from the IT department is unavailable Answer: a 5\. Joseph's shoulders and arms are sore from an intense workout. Every afternoon, he walks his dog Rocky along a route where Rocky sometimes sees one of his neighbor's dogs and begins to pull hard on the leash. Today, he decided to avoid this route. What is the behavior-altering effect of his sore arms and shoulders? a\. Abates taking Rocky on the route with the neighbor's dog c\. Signals that Rocky pulling on the leash is available d\. Signals that Rocky pulling on the leash is unavailable Answer: a 6\. Stephan enjoys sitting down in his favorite rocking chair and reading a book every evening. This evening, he took some medication that made him drowsy and less likely to sit down to read. What is the behavior-altering effect of medication-induced drowsiness? a\. Abates reading b\. Decreases the effectiveness of a book as a consequence c\. Signals a book is available d\. Signals a book is unavailable Answer: a 7\. Xavier enjoys writing papers, but detests public speaking, and usually gets poor grades on speeches, which often causes him to feel highly nervous and nauseated. He does everything he can to avoid delivering presentations in person, even to the point where he avoids practicing. Despite this, he must present in front of his class as part of his semester\'s final project. However, a week before his presentation, Xavier is told that he can write a paper instead of giving a speech. Xavier immediately stops feeling nauseated and begins working on the paper. What is the behavior-altering effect of Xavier\'s presentation moving to a written format? a\. Abates practicing his presentation b\. Decreases the effectiveness of avoidance as a consequence c\. Evokes writing a paper d\. Increases the effectiveness of avoidance as a consequence Answer: c **7.8** 1\. Marcy is playing a review game with peers in class. In the past, if she swears in class she is asked to leave. She loves playing the review game, and she is careful not to swear during class. Her love for the review game had what type of behavior-altering effect on swearing? a\. Establishing b\. Evocative c\. Abolishing d\. Abative Answer: d 2\. In the past, when Trevor sings along to songs on the radio, others nearby have commented that he does not sing very well. Tonight, he has had a few cocktails and he sings out loud despite any comments. Cocktails had what type of behavior-altering effect? a\. Establishing b\. Evocative c\. Abolishing d\. Abative Answer: b 3\. Gerald needs to glue two pieces of cardboard together to complete a science project. He begins looking in the drawer for glue. Needing glue had what type of value-altering effect? a\. Establishing b\. Evocative c\. Abolishing d\. Abative Answer: a 4\. Gerald needs to glue two pieces of cardboard together to complete a science project. He begins looking in the drawer for glue. Needing glue had what type of behavior-altering effect? a\. Establishing b\. Evocative c\. Abolishing d\. Abative Answer: b 5\. Shanna has to print a report and turn it into her boss as soon as possible. When she tries to print, she notices that the printer is out of ink. She begins looking through the office for a printer cartridge. The printer being out of ink has what type of behavior-altering effect? a\. Establishing b\. Evocative c\. Abolishing d\. Abative Answer: b 6\. Shanna has to print a report and turn it into her boss as soon as possible. When she tries to print she sees a notice that the printer is out of ink. She begins looking through the office for a printer cartridge. The printer being out of ink has what type of value-altering effect? a\. Establishing b\. Evocative c\. Abolishing d\. Abative Answer: a 7\. Shanna has to print a report and turn it into her boss as soon as possible. When she tries to print she sees a notice that the printer is out of ink. She begins looking through the office for a printer cartridge. The lack of ink acted as a(n): a\. EO for SR+ b\. EO for SR- c\. AO for SR+ d\. AO for SR- Answer: a 8\. Kirolos must complete his homework before he is allowed to play video games. When Kirolos first gets a new video game, he quickly finishes his homework and then asks permission to play his video game. Kirolos has played this new video game after school every day for the past two weeks. Now, he does not do his homework when he gets home from school. What is being described in this scenario? a\. EO for SR+ b\. EO for SR- c\. AO for SR+ d\. AO for SR- Answer: c 9\. Ben has been working on a paper for 4 hours. He makes sure the file is saved and leaves the computer. What is being described in this scenario? a\. EO for SR+ b\. EO for SR- c\. AO for SR+ d\. AO for SR- Answer: b 10\. Cara, the RBT, always has Jack's favorite activity as a reinforcer. When Jack sees Cara at the table, he is less likely to try to get away from the tasks. What is being described in this scenario? a\. EO for SR+ b\. EO for SR- c\. AO for SR+ d\. AO for SR- Answer: c **7.9** 1\. What is the value-altering effect of an EO^SR^? a\. Increases the effectiveness of a reinforcer b\. Decreases the effectiveness of a reinforcer c\. Evokes behavior d\. Abates behavior 2\. What is the value-altering effect of an AO^SR^? a\. Increases the effectiveness of a reinforcer b\. Decreases the effectiveness of a reinforcer c\. Evokes behavior d\. Abates behavior Answer: b 3\. Top of Form What is the behavior-altering effect of an AO^SR^? a\. Increases the effectiveness of a reinforcer b\. Decreases the effectiveness of a reinforcer c\. Evokes behavior d\. Abates behavior Answer: d 4\. What is the behavior-altering effect of an EO^SR^? a\. Increases the effectiveness of a reinforcer b\. Decreases the effectiveness of a reinforcer c\. Evokes behavior d\. Abates behavior Answer: c 5\. Louie likes to make his peers laugh. When all students are independently reading at their desks quietly, Louie makes a naughty joke aloud in class and his peers laugh. This is an example of an: a\. EO for reinforcement b\. AO for reinforcement Answer: a 6\. Louie likes to make his peers laugh. When all students are independently reading at their desks quietly, Louie makes a naughty joke aloud in class and his peers laugh. What is the consequence whose value is being altered? Answer: Peer laughter 7\. Louie likes to make his peers laugh. When all students are independently reading at their desks quietly, Louie makes a naughty joke aloud in class and his peers laugh. What is the establishing operation? 8\. Louie likes to make his peers laugh. When all students are independently reading at their desks quietly, Louie makes a naughty joke aloud in class and his peers laugh. What is the value-altering effect? Answer: Increases the effectiveness of peer laughter as a reinforcer 9\. Louie likes to make his peers laugh. When all students are independently reading at their desks quietly, Louie makes a naughty joke aloud in class and his peers laugh. What is the behavior-altering effect? Answer: Evokes making a naughty joke aloud in class **7.10** 1\. Kendra often brings her umbrella to the beach on sunny days to escape the heat and brightness. Just as Kendra begins to set up her umbrella, a big cluster of clouds appear and cover the bright, hot sun. Kendra stops setting up the umbrella in the sand. This is an example of an: a\. EO for reinforcement b\. AO for reinforcement Answer: b 2\. Kendra often brings her umbrella to the beach on sunny days to escape the heat and brightness. Just as Kendra begins to set up her umbrella, a big cluster of clouds appear and cover the bright, hot sun. Kendra stops setting up the umbrella in the sand. What is the consequence whose value is being altered? Answer: The removal of heat and brightness 3\. Kendra often brings her umbrella to the beach on sunny days to escape the heat and brightness. Just as Kendra begins to set up her umbrella, a big cluster of clouds appear and cover the bright, hot sun. Kendra stops setting up the umbrella in the sand. What is the abolishing operation? Answer: A cluster of clouds covering the bright hot sun 4\. Kendra often brings her umbrella to the beach on sunny days to escape the heat and brightness. Just as Kendra begins to set up her umbrella, a big cluster of clouds appear and cover the bright, hot sun. Kendra stops setting up the umbrella in the sand. What is the value-altering effect? 5\. Kendra often brings her umbrella to the beach on sunny days to escape the heat and brightness. Just as Kendra begins to set up her umbrella, a big cluster of clouds appear and cover the bright, hot sun. Kendra stops setting up the umbrella in the sand. What is the behavior-altering effect? Answer: Abates setting up the umbrella in the sand 6\. What effect does the locked door have on "looking for the key" behavior? a\. Evocative effect b\. Abative effect c\. Establishing effect d\. Abolishing effect Answer: a 7\. What effect does the unlocked door have on the effectiveness/value of the key? a\. Evocative effect b\. Abative effect c\. Establishing effect d\. Abolishing effect Answer: d 8\. The \_\_\_\_ name of a motivating operation is based on the value-altering effect; The \_\_\_\_ name of a motivating operation is based on the consequence whose value is being altered. Answer: First; last Explanation: When the terms "establishing" or "abolishing" are used in relation to motivating operations, they describe their value-altering effect. If they increase the value of a consequence, the term "establishing" is used. If they decrease the value of a consequence, the term "abolishing" is used. 9\. Establishing and abolishing operations are classified as EOs or AOs for positive or negative reinforcement or punishment. a\. True b\. False Answer: a 10\. Which of the following is an EO for positive reinforcement? Answer: a 11\. Which of the following is an AO for positive reinforcement? 12\. Which of the following is an EO for negative reinforcement? 13\. Which of the following is an AO for negative reinforcement? 14\. Wilma\'s employer states that if employees reach a specific goal within three weeks, they will have extra time off during the last week of the month. Wilma has family coming into town during the last week of the month and would like to be able to spend less time at work and more time at home with them. Wilma's family being in town at the end of the month is an example of an: a\. AO for negative reinforcement b\. AO for positive reinforcement c\. EO for negative reinforcement d\. EO for positive reinforcement Answer: c 15\. Isa has been reading the reviews for a restaurant. Several reviews mention that their desserts are the best in town. When she goes to the restaurant, the server offers her the dessert menu, and she takes it. This is an example of an: a\. AO for negative reinforcement b\. AO for positive reinforcement c\. EO for negative reinforcement d\. EO for positive reinforcement Answer: d 16\. Watson wins the employee raffle and earns a preferred parking spot for a month. The following week, his boss informs his employees that he will give a preferred parking spot to anyone who offers to complete an optional project, but Watson declines. This is an example of an: a\. AO for negative reinforcement b\. AO for positive reinforcement c\. EO for negative reinforcement d\. EO for positive reinforcement Answer: b 17\. Nan often forgets to wear her seatbelt, which leads to the car beeping until she puts it on. However, it is very hot outside and the air conditioning in her car is so loud that she can barely hear the beep, and so Nan does not put on her seatbelt. This is an example of an: a\. AO for negative reinforcement b\. AO for positive reinforcement c\. EO for negative reinforcement d\. EO for positive reinforcement Answer: a **7.11** 1\. Estefania has not had access to her favorite snack, peanut butter stuffed pretzel bites, in over a week. When her RBT arrives at her house to work with her, Estefania sees that the RBT has brought a container of peanut butter stuffed pretzel bites. Estefania is eager to begin the session and quickly [responds to each of the RBT's questions]. The RBT provides Estefania with a peanut butter stuffed pretzel bite after an average of five correct responses. A. What is the consequence for Estefania's behavior? a\. Access to the pretzel bites b\. The sight of the container of peanut butter stuffed pretzel bites c\. Answering the RBT's questions d\. No peanut butter stuffed pretzel bites for over a week Answer: a a\. Removed (negative) b\. Added (positive) Answer: b C. What are the antecedents to the response? Select all that apply. a\. Access to the pretzel bites b\. The sight of the container of peanut butter stuffed pretzel bites c\. Answering the RBT's questions d\. No peanut butter stuffed pretzel bites for over a week Answer: b, d D. Which antecedent alters the effectiveness of the consequence? a\. No peanut butter stuffed pretzel bites for over a week b\. The sight of the container of peanut butter stuffed pretzel bites Answer: a a\. Increase the effectiveness b\. Decrease the effectiveness Answer: a a\. EO for SR+ b\. AO for SR- c\. EO for SR- d\. AO for SR+ Answer: a a\. Evocative b\. Abative c\. Abolishing d\. Establishing Answer: a c\. Signals peanut better stuffed pretzel bites are available d\. Evokes accurately responding to the RBT's questions Answer: a 2\. There is a policy at the agency where Lori works that employees who pick up extra shifts will earn a bonus at the end of the day. Usually Lori picks up extra shifts, but she just checked her bank account and realized she received an income tax refund that was larger than she was expecting. As a result, Lori does not [pick up extra shifts at work] this week. A. What is the consequence for Lori's behavior? a\. The income tax refund b\. The bonus policy at the grocery c\. Picking up shifts at work d\. The bonus at the end of the day Answer: d a\. Added (positive) b\. Removed (negative) Answer: a C. What are the antecedents to the response? Select all that apply. a\. Picking up shifts at work b\. The income tax refund c\. The bonus policy at the agency d\. The bonus at the end of the day Answer: b, c D. Which antecedent alters the effectiveness of the consequence? a\. The income tax refund b\. The bonus policy at the agency Answer: a E. What effect does the income tax refund have on the consequence? a\. Increase the effectiveness b\. Decrease the effectiveness Answer: b F. What is the function of the income tax refund? a\. AO for SR- b\. EO for SR+ c\. AO for SR+ d\. EO for SR- Answer: c G. What is the behavior-altering effect of the income tax refund? a\. Abolishing b\. Abative c\. Evocative d\. Establishing Answer: b H. What is the value-altering effect of the income tax refund? a\. Signals the bonus at the end of the day is available b\. Abates picking up extra shifts at work c\. Abolishes the effectiveness of picking up extra shifts at work d\. Abolishes the effectiveness of the bonus at the end of the day Answer: d 3\. Lina does not like going with her family to her grandmother's house for dinner because the adults all talk to each other, and she isn't interested in their conversations. Most times, she will ask her mother several times throughout the evening if they can go home, and eventually her mother gives in and takes her home. Tonight, though, her favorite aunt has just arrived and has been talking to Lina about things Lina enjoys, so Lina does not ask her mother if they can go home. A. What is the consequence for Lina's behavior? a\. The presence of Lina's mother b\. The presence of Lina's favorite aunt c\. Getting to leave grandma's house d\. Begging her mother to take her home Answer: c a\. Removed (negative) b\. Added (positive) Answer: a C. What are the antecedents to the response? a\. Getting to leave grandma's house b\. The presence of Lina's favorite aunt c\. Begging her mother to take her home d\. The presence of Lina's mother Answer: b, d D. Which antecedent alters the effectiveness of the consequence? a\. The presence of Lina's mother b\. The presence of Lina's favorite aunt Answer: b a\. Increase the effectiveness b\. Decrease the effectiveness Answer: b F. What is the function the presence of Lina's favorite aunt? a\. EO for SR- b\. EO for SR+ c\. AO for SR- d\. AO for SR+ Answer: c a\. Abative b\. Abolishing c\. Establishing d\. Evocative Answer: a H. What is the value-altering effect of the presence of Lina's favorite aunt? a\. Abolishes the effectiveness of getting to leave grandma's house b\. Abates begging her mother to go home c\. Abolishes the effectiveness of begging her mother to go home d\. Signals getting to leave grandma's house is available Answer: a 4\. Corey is trying to focus on an article he is reading but a co-worker is speaking loudly in her office. Corey looks over and sees his office door is open, so he gets up and crosses the room to close the door. A. What is the consequence for Corey's behavior? a\. The sound of the co-worker's voice b\. Reducing the sound of the co-worker's voice c\. Crossing the room and closing the door d\. The sight of the door open to his office Answer: b a\. Added (positive) b\. Removed (negative) C. What are the antecedents to the response? a\. Crossing the room and closing the door b\. The sound of the co-worker's voice c\. Reducing the sound of the co-worker's voice d\. The sight of the open door to his office Answer: b, d D. Which antecedent alters the effectiveness of the consequence? a\. The sound of the co-worker's voice b\. The sight of the open door to his office Answer: a a\. Increase the effectiveness b\. Decrease the effectiveness Answer: a F. What is the function of the sound of the co-worker's voice? a\. EO for SR+ b\. AO for SR+ c\. EO for SR- d\. AO for SR- Answer: c a\. Abolishing b\. Abative c\. Establishing d\. Evoke H. What is the value-altering effect of the sound of the co-worker's voice? b\. Evokes crossing the room and closing the door 5\. Charlie does not like practicing math facts, so he often engages in disruptive behavior during math class because the teacher sends him to the hallway, and he avoids the work. Today, his teacher uses Star Wars figurines to practice addition facts. Charlie is a big fan of Star Wars, so he does not engage in disruptive behavior during math class. A. What is the consequence for Charlie's behavior? a\. The math teacher b\. Getting sent out of the classroom c\. The Star Wars figurines d\. Engaging in disruptive behavior Answer: b B. Which antecedent alters the effectiveness of the consequence? a\. The Star Wars figures b\. The math teacher Answer: a C. What is the function of the Star Wars figurines? a\. AO for SR- b\. EO for SR- c\. EO for SR+ d\. AO for SR+ Answer: a D. What is the value-altering effect of the Star Wars figurines? a\. Signals getting sent out of the classroom during math is available c\. Abolishes the effectiveness of engaging in disruptive behavior d\. Abates disruptive behavior Answer: b 6\. Frances walks into the kitchen and smells something rotten. She looks in the trashcan and sees the chicken bones from the prior night's dinner, so she [pulls the trash bag from the can and takes it to the bin outside]. A. What is the consequence for Frances' behavior? a\. The sight of the chicken bones in the trash b\. Taking the trash bag outside c\. The rotten smell is removed d\. The rotten smell in the kitchen Answer: c B. Which antecedent alters the effectiveness of the consequence? a\. The sight of the chicken bones in the trash b\. The rotten smell in the kitchen Answer: b C. What is the function of the rotten smell in the kitchen? a\. AO for SR+ b\. EO for SR+ c\. EO for SR- d\. AO for SR- Answer: c D. What is the value-altering effect of the rotten smell in the kitchen? a\. Evokes taking the trash bag outside b\. Signals the removal of the rotten smell is available c\. Establishes the effectiveness of the removal of the rotten smell d. Establishes the effectiveness of taking the trash bag outside Answer: c 7\. Carlos checks his calendar and sees there is a staff meeting scheduled at 1:00pm. So that he will be prepared for the meeting, Carlos begins [asking his co-workers] where the meeting will be held and what is on the agenda. A. What is the consequence for Carlos's behavior? a\. The sight of the co-worker b\. The sight of the meeting on the calendar c\. Receiving information about the meeting d\. Asking co-workers about the meeting Answer: c B. Which antecedent alters the effectiveness of the consequence? a\. The sight of the co-worker b\. The sight of the meeting on the calendar Answer: b C. What is the function of the sight of the meeting on the calendar? a\. AO for SR+ b\. EO for SR- c\. EO for SR+ d\. AO for SR- Answer: c 8\. Christi's favorite treat are sour candies, so Christi's RBT has brought a big bag of sour candies to provide to Christi contingent on her responses to discrete trial tasks. Sadly, Christi has a canker sore in her mouth so today the sour candies hurt when she eats them. As a result, Christi does not respond to many discrete trial tasks. A. What is the consequence Christi's behavior? a\. Responding to tasks b\. The canker sore in her mouth c\. Access to sour candies d\. The big bag of sour candies Answer: c B. Which antecedent alters the effectiveness of the consequence? a\. The big bag of sour candies b\. The canker sore in her mouth Answer: b C. What is the function of the canker sore in Christi's mouth? a\. EO for SR+ b\. AO for SR- c\. AO for SR+ d\. EO for SR- Answer: c D. What is the value-altering effect of the canker sore in Christi's mouth? a\. Signals access to sour candies is available b\. Abolishes the effectiveness of responding to discrete trial tasks c\. Abolishes the effectiveness of access to sour candies d\. Abates responding to discrete trial tasks Answer: c **7.12** 1\. What is the term for a motivating operation that increases the value of a consequence due to ontogenic provenance? a\. Unconditioned establishing operation b\. Conditioned establishing operation c\. Unconditioned abolishing operation d\. Conditioned abolishing operation Answer: b 2\. What is the term for a motivating operation that decreases the value of a consequence due to phylogenic provenance? a\. Unconditioned establishing operation b\. Conditioned establishing operation c\. Unconditioned abolishing operation d\. Conditioned abolishing operation Answer: c 3\. The term "unconditioned" in UMOs means the behavior is unconditioned or unlearned. a\. True b\. False Answer: b 4\. Two main types of human UMOs are deprivation, which is a \_\_\_\_\_ and satiation, which is a \_\_\_\_\_. 5\. List the five deprivation and satiation UMOs: Answer: Food, water, sleep, activity, oxygen **7.13** 1\. While eating during a holiday feast, you start to slow down your consumption of food and eventually stop eating altogether. A. Your behavior of eating is being: a\. Established b\. Abolished c\. Evoked d\. Abated Answer: d B. The abative effect on your behavior of eating is due to a state of: a\. Deprivation b\. Satiation c\. Availability d\. Unavailability Answer: b a\. Reinforcer-establishing b\. Evocative c\. Reinforcer-abolishing d\. Abative Answer: c 2\. After staying awake for over 24 hours to finish a report, you lie down and close your eyes to sleep. A. Your behaviors of lying down and closing your eyes are being: a\. Established b\. Abolished c\. Evoked d\. Abated Answer: c 3\. If an individual is too hot or cold, what is the consequence whose value is being altered? Answer: Returning to a normal body temperature 4\. What is the behavior-altering effect of being too hot or cold? Answer: Evokes any behavior that results in getting cooler or warmer in the past **7.14** 1\. The \"EO" in an EO for negative reinforcement is: a\. The removal or reduction of an antecedent aversive b\. An antecedent aversive Answer: b 2\. What effect does the onset of painful stimulation have on behavior? a\. Increases the value of pain reduction as a reinforcer b\. Increases the value of the escape behavior c\. Evokes behavior Answer: c 3\. What is the value-altering effect of the onset of painful stimulation? a\. Increases the effectiveness of pain reduction as a reinforcer b\. Increases the value of escape behavior c\. Evokes behavior Answer: a 4\. If pain were a discriminative stimulus for negative reinforcement, there also must be a related extinction condition. a\. True b\. False Answer: a 5\. The offset of shock following a rat's lever press response is likely to function as: a\. An SD for SR- b\. A UEO for SR- c\. Negative reinforcement d\. Escape extinction Answer: c 6\. The shock remaining on after the rat presses the lever is likely to function as: a\. An SD for SR- b\. A UEO for SR- c\. Negative reinforcement d\. Escape extinction Answer: d 7\. The shock onset that evokes a lever press response is likely to function as: a\. An SD for SR- b\. A UEO for SR- c\. Negative reinforcement d\. Escape extinction Answer: b 8\. Pain functions as an EO for negative reinforcement by establishing \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ as a form of negative reinforcement; Pain functions as an EO for positive reinforcement by establishing \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ as a form of positive reinforcement Answer: Removal of pain; signs of damage 9\. Which of the following is an unconditioned establishing operation? 10\. Which of the following is an unconditioned abolishing operation? Answer: b 11\. The heater in Miro's apartment is not working, causing it to be as cold as outside. Olga offers Miro a cold glass of lemonade, which Miro does not take. The temperature inside the apartment is an example of an: a\. Conditioned abolishing operation b\. Conditioned establishing operation c\. Unconditioned abolishing operation d\. Unconditioned establishing operation Answer: c 12\. Andrea is jogging around her neighborhood with her husband. Her leg begins to hurt, and he offers to help her stretch to relieve the pain. Andrea accepts the offer. The pain in Andrea's knee is an example of an: a\. Conditioned abolishing operation b\. Conditioned establishing operation c\. Unconditioned abolishing operation d\. Unconditioned establishing operation Answer: b **7.15** 1\. Find the features of an EO for reinforcement. a\. Event decreases the value of the reinforcer maintaining the behavior b\. Event increases the value of the reinforcer maintaining the behavior Answer: b 2\. Find the features of an SD. a\. Changes the value of a reinforcer b\. Signals the availability of a reinforcer Answer: b Explanation: An SD signals the availability of reinforcement. 3\. Referencing Jack and the bathroom, is the consequence a stimulus being added or an aversive being removed following the response? a\. Added b\. Removed Answer: b 4\. Referencing Jack and the bathroom, what did the \"Men\'s Restroom\" sign function as? a\. SD b\. S∆ c\. SDP d\. S∆P Answer: a 5\. Referencing Jack and the bathroom, what did the full bladder function as? a\. UAO b\. UEO c\. CEO d\. CAO Answer: b 6\. The \"Janitor\'s Closet\" sign functioned as? a\. SD b\. S∆ c\. SDP d\. S∆P Answer: b 7\. The empty bladder would most likely function as? a\. UAO b\. UEO c\. CEO d\. CAO Answer: a 8\. A mosquito bite evokes scratching the itch. A. What would the consequence be? a\. SR+ b\. SR- c\. SP+ d\. SP- Answer: b B. How would we categorize this itchy sensation? a\. UEO for SR- b\. S∆ for SR- c\. UAO for SR- d\. SD for SR- Answer: a a\. UEO b\. S∆ c\. SD d\. UAO Answer: c 9\. When his parents are busy and not paying any attention to him, [Bart] sometimes yells obscenities and climbs on the furniture. His parents began a "program" that calls for putting [Bart] behind a \"time-out\" partition for these behaviors. The program calls for the parents to tell him to be quiet each time he curses while he is behind the barrier, and to physically escort him back behind the barrier every time he tries to come out and to hold him there to achieve compliance. The rate of Bart's threatening behavior is more than 10 times greater now than it was a month ago when the procedure was begun. a\. Positive reinforcement b\. Negative reinforcement Answer: a a\. SD b\. AO c\. EO d\. S∆ Answer: c a\. SD b\. AO c\. EO d\. S∆ Answer: b a\. Negative reinforcement b\. Negative punishment c\. Positive reinforcement d\. Positive punishment Answer: b **7.16** 1\. EOs for reinforcement \_\_\_\_\_ the stimulus generalization gradient; AOs for reinforcement \_\_\_\_\_ the stimulus generalization gradient. Answer: Widen; narrow 2\. EOs for reinforcement evoke just a single response. a\. True b\. False Answer: b