The Requirements in Preparing the Plans PDF 2024

The Requirements in Preparing the Plans Agillon, Atienza, Bagon  Section A – The Requirements in Preparing the Plans T h e Pre p a rat i on o f B u i l d i n...

The Requirements in Preparing the Plans Agillon, Atienza, Bagon  Section A – The Requirements in Preparing the Plans T h e Pre p a rat i on o f B u i l d i n g Pl a n s a n d C o nt ra c t D o c u m e nts Te a m Pl aye rs i n t h e Pl a n n i n g a n d C o n st r u c ti on o f a Pro j e c t D i s c u s s i n g t h e Pro j e c t Re q u i rements E n g i n eers a n d C o n s u l ta nt s Re q u i red i n Pre p a r i ng B u i l d i n g Pl a n s L o c at i o n/Vi ci n it y M a p o f t h e Pro j e c t S i te The Requirements in Preparing the Plans 2024 2  Section A – The Requirements in Preparing the Plans S i te D e ve l opment Pl a n I n s p e c t ion o f t h e Pro j e ct S i te Pre p a rat i on o f t h e Pre l i m i na r y S t u d i es D ra f t i n g t h e F i n a l Wo r k i ng D raw i n gs A p p l y i ng fo r a Re a l E state L o a n fo r B u i l d i n g C o n st r u c ti on M a k i n g a Ro u g h E st i m ate o f t h e Pro j e c t C o st The Requirements in Preparing the Plans 2024 3 The Preparation of Building Plans and Contract Documents Briefly defined, construction plan consist of drawings, diagrams and notes showing the layout of floors and uses; the elevations or views, cross-sections; specified materials, other relevant information about the structure. In general, building plans consist of the following: The Requirements in Preparing the Plans 2024 4 The Preparation of Building Plans and Contract Documents a. A rc h i tec tu ra l p l a n s a n d d eta i l d raw i n g s b. S t r u c t u ra l d e s i g n c o m p u tat ion s a n d d eta i l d raw i n g s c. E l e c t ri ca l p l a n s , l o a d a n a l y s i s , c o m p u tat i on s a n d r i s e r d i a g ra m s , S p e c i f ic ati on s d. Pl u m b i n g p l a n s , d eta i l s o f s e p t ic va u l t , d i a g ra m s o f p l u m b i n g l i n e s , S p e c if i cat io ns e. M e c h a n i c a l p l a n s a n d S p e c if i cat io ns , w h e re re q u i red f. O t h e rs : L a n d s c a p i ng a n d i nte r i or d e s i g n , etc. The Requirements in Preparing the Plans 2024 5 The Preparation of Building Plans and Contract Documents D o c u m e n ts fo r m i n g p a r t o f t h e b u i l d i n g p l a n s s u c h as: g. C o n s t r u c ti on S p e c i f ic a ti on s h. B i l l o f M a t e ri a l s a n d C o s t E s t i m a tes i. S t r u c t u ra l D e s i g n An a l y s i s a n d C o m p u t a ti on s j. Ap p l i c a t io ns fo r c o n s t r u c ti on p e r m i ts a n d u t i l i t i es k. O t h e r s u p p o r t i ng p a p e r s o r c l e a ra n c es r e q u i r ed b y l o c a l g ove r n ment r u l e s a n d r e g u l a ti on s. The Requirements in Preparing the Plans 2024 6 The Preparation of Building Plans and Contract Documents The plans and companion documents are signed and dry -sealed by the architect and the engineers who prepared them. The project owner must also sign them to signify his approval. The Requirements in Preparing the Plans 2024 7  Team Players in the Planning and Construction of a Project T h e p r i n c i p a l p l aye rs a s s u m i n g l e a d ro l e s i n i n i t i at i n g a p ro j ec t a n d p re p a r in g t h e i r p l a n s a n d i m p l e menti n g t h e m a re t h e fo l l o wi n g: Pro j e c t O w n e r o r Pro p o n ent A rc h i tec ts , E n g i n eers , a n d C o n s u l ta nts C o nt ra c to r, B u i l d e r, C o n st r u ct io n M a n a ge r o r A d m i n i strator The Requirements in Preparing the Plans 2024 8  Team Players in the Planning and Construction of a Project A l s o p l ay i n g s u p p o r ti n g p a r t s a re f i n a n c e rs , re a l e state b ro kers , go ve rn ment re g u l ato ry a ge n c i es , m a n u fa c t u rers a n d d i st r i b u tors o f c o n st r u c ti on m ate r i a l s , a n d t h e c o n st r u c ti on wo r ke rs. The Requirements in Preparing the Plans 2024 9  Owner T h e o w n e r c o n c e ives t h e i d e a o f c o n st r u c ti n g a b u i l d i n g to s e r ve a s p e c i f ic n e e d o r p u r p o s e. He a l s o p ro v id es t h e f u n d to b u i l d i t. T h e f u n d i n g m ay c o m e f ro m t h e o w n e r a l o n e , o r t h ro u g h a re a l e state l o a n o r f ro m i nve stors. The Requirements in Preparing the Plans 2024 10  Owner T h e i n i t i a l ste p i n t ra n sfo r m i ng t h e p ro j ec t i nto c o n c rete re a l i t y i s fo r t h e o w n e r to c o nt ra c t t h e s e r v ic es o f l i c e n s ed p ro fes s io na l s – q u a l i f i ed b y t ra i n i n g a n d ex p er ien ce – to p re p a re t h e p l a n s a n d t h e re l ated d o c u m e nts. The Requirements in Preparing the Plans 2024 11  Owner T h ey m ay a l s o o p t to u n d e r ta ke t h e c o n st r u c ti on b y a d m i n i st rat ion w i t h t h e h e l p o f t h e p ro j e c t A rc h i tect o r E n g i n e er d e s i g n ated a s I n - c h a rge o f C o n st r u ct io n. The Requirements in Preparing the Plans 2024 12  Architect A n a rc h i te c t i s c o m m i ss i on ed to c o n c e ptu a l ize a n d to d raw t h e a rc h i te c tu ra l d e s i g n s a n d p l a n s o f t h e p ro j e c t b a s e d o n t h e re q u i rement s o f t h e o w n e rs a n d t h e b u i l d i n g r u l e s a n d re g u l at i on s t h at a p p l y to t h e k i n d o f st r u c t u re to b e b u i l t. The Requirements in Preparing the Plans 2024 13  Engineers & Consultants T h e y c o l l a b o ra te a n d w o r k w i t h t h e a r c h i t ec t b y p r ov i d i ng e x p e r t a d v i c e a n d e n g i n eer in g s e r v i ces p e r t a in i ng t o e l e c t ri ca l , p l u m b i n g , s t r u c t u ra l, m e c h a n i ca l , a i r - c o n d i ti on in g o r o t h e r s p e c i a l ized i n s t a l l a t i on s t o b e d o n e o n t h e p r o j e c t. The Requirements in Preparing the Plans 2024 14  Contractor or Builder W h e n t h e p l a n s a n d r e l a t ed d o c u m en ts a r e c o m p l eted a n d r e a d y fo r i m p l e men t a ti on , a l i c e n s ed c o n t ra c to r o r b u i l d e r i s c h o s e n t o c o n s t r u c t t h e s t r u c t u r e t h r o u g h a c o m p e ti ti ve b i d d i n g o r v i a a n e g o ti a ted c o n t ra c t. The Requirements in Preparing the Plans 2024 15 Discussing the Project Requirements Before work on the plans is started, the owner and the architect would first discuss the project program and requirements. The owner would specify the purpose of the building and enumerates the needs to be met and the objectives to be attained. He gives suggestions and insights for the architect to take into account in drawing the building plans. In the project discussions, the owner lets the architect know the amount of the budget and source of funding for the construction and related works. The payment of fees and the schedule of releases for the architectural-engineering and the supervision and inspection services are agreed upon. These are put in writing and signed by all concerned parties. The Requirements in Preparing the Plans 2024 16 Engineers and Consultants Required in Preparing Building Plans A s ide f rom hi s re gu l a r s t af f co n si s ti ng of d ra f t s per so ns , a r c hite ct ura l des i gn er s, e st im ato rs , spe ci f ic a ti o ns w ri ter s a nd ad mi n i st rat ive e mp loyees, the Arc h itec t m us t a l s o ava i l o f t he tec h n ic a l ex per t is e o f E ng ineer s a nd C on s ul t a nt s to a s sis t in pr od u ci n g al l dra wi ng s a nd a c c om p a nyi n g do cume nt s for a g ive n p ro jec t. E ng i neers /ex per t s su pp leme nt ing t he reg ul a r w o r k s fo r c e o f t h e Ar c h i t ec t ’s o f f i c e a r e t h e fo l l o w i n g : Professional Electrical Engineer or Sanitary Engineer or Master Plumber Master Electrician Pre p a res , s i g n s a n d d r y - s ea l s t h e E l e c t r ic Pre p a res , s i g n s a n d d r y - s e a l s t h e Pl u m b i n g Pl a n s ; i n c l u d i n g t h e a p p l i c at io n fo r a n Pl a n s ; i n c l u d i n g t h e a p p l i c at io n fo r t h e e l e c tr ic a l p e r m i t to b e i s s u e d b y t h e p l u m b i n g p e r m i t f ro m t h e c o n c e rn ed c o n c e rn ed go ve rn ment o f f i c e a n d t h e go ve rn ment u n i t. u t i l i t y c o m p a ny to s u p p l y e l e c tri c p o we r fo r t h e p ro j e c t. The Requirements in Preparing the Plans 2024 17 Engineers and Consultants Required in Preparing Building Plans A s ide fro m his re gu l a r sta f f co n si sti ng of d ra f ts perso n s, a rc hi tec t ura l de si gn ers , e st im ato rs, spe ci f ic ati o ns w ri ters an d a dmi n i st rati ve em plo yees, the Arc hi tec t m ust a l s o ava il o f t he tec h n ic a l ex per tis e o f E ng i neers a n d Co n s ul ta nt s to a s sist in p ro d uc i ng al l draw i n gs a nd a c co mp a nyi n g do c ume nts fo r a g ive n p ro jec t. E ng inee rs/ex per t s s u pp leme nt ing t he reg u l ar wo r ks fo rc e o f t h e A rc h i tec t ’s o f f i c e a re t h e fo l l o w in g : Civil-Structural Engineer Mechanical Engineer D e s i g n s a n d c o m p u t es t h e c o r r e c t s i z es fo r Pr e p a res , p l a n s fo r m e c h a n i c a l s t r u c t u ra l f ra m e s a n d o t h e r c r i t i c a l p a r t s i n s t a l l a t i on ; s i g n s a n d d r y - s e a ls t h e p l a n s t o a c h i e ve e c o n omy i n t h e c o n s t r u c ti on , a n d a p p l i c a t i on fo r p e r m i t t o p l a c e t h e s t r e n g th , s t a b i l i t y a n d s a fe t y o f t h e e q u i p men t i n d i c a t ed i n t h e d ra w i n g s. b u i l d i n g ; s i g n s a n d d r y - s ea ls h i s w o r k. The Requirements in Preparing the Plans 2024 18 Engineers and Consultants Required in Preparing Building Plans A s ide fro m his re gu l a r sta f f co n si sti ng of d ra f ts perso n s, a rc hi tec t ura l de si gn ers , e st im ato rs, spe ci f ic ati o ns w ri ters an d a dmi n i st rati ve em plo yees, the Arc hi tec t m ust a l s o ava il o f t he tec h n ic a l ex per tis e o f E ng i neers a n d Co n s ul ta nt s to a s sist in p ro d uc i ng al l draw i n gs a nd a c co mp a nyi n g do c ume nts fo r a g ive n p ro jec t. E ng inee rs/ex per t s s u pp leme nt ing t he reg u l ar wo r ks fo rc e o f t h e A rc h i tec t ’s o f f i c e a re t h e fo l l o w in g : Other experts, if required by the Geodetic Engineer nature of the project or by the D raw s t h e l o t p l a n b a s e d f ro m t h e d ata o n Owner are: t h e O C T o r TC T o f t h e p ro j ec t s i te i f n o t yet L a n d s c a p e A rc h i tec t s, I nte r i or D e s i g n ers , ava i l a b l e; o r s u r veys t h e l a n d , c o m p u tes E nv i ro nmenta l Pl a n n e rs , G e o - tec hn i ca l b o u n d a r i es; a n d l o c ate s o r re l o c ates E n g i n eers , etc. c o n c rete l o t m o n u m e nts ; s i g n s a n d s e a l s h i s wo r k. The Requirements in Preparing the Plans 2024 19 Lot Plan and Location Map of the Project Site T he p ro jec t o wne r – a s ide fro m gi vi ng th e gu ide li ne s a nd req u i rement s to be ta ken i nto ac co u nt in d raw in g the pl a n s – s ho u ld a l so prov ide t he arch i tect w ith t he i n for m atio n a bo ut th e are a , sh a pe, bo un d a rie s a nd c h a rac ter i st i cs of t he ter rai n on w h i ch t he b u il di n g wi l l be ere cted. T he ide al s ou rce o f t he req u i red in fo rm atio n i s the L ot Pl a n pre p ared by a li cen sed Geo deti c En g ineer o r L a n d Su r veyo r. On t hi s p l an a re p lo tte d t he l a n d mo nu me nt s (p rese nte d by c ircle s) a n d t he bea r i ng s a n d d i sta n ces o f the b o un d ar ies b a sed o n the te ch n ic a l de s cr ip tio n s a ppe a ri ng o n t he Or ig i n al Cer ti f ic ate o f T i t l e ( O C T ) o r Tra n sfe r C e r t i f i cate o f T i t l e ( TC T ) o f t h e l a n d. W here t he te rra i n o f t he l a n d i s so u neve n a n d r ug ged , co nto u r l ine s a nd note s should be included on the lot plan. The Requirements in Preparing the Plans 2024 20 Lot Plan and Location Map of the Project Site T he ar c hite c t /p roje ct de s ig ner need s al l th e tec h ni c al i n form a ti on ab ou t the l o t /pr oje ct site to he lp h im dete rm ine t he ide a l s ize , s h ape, o rie nt a ti on a n d p l a ceme nt o f the p ro po sed st ru ct u re w he n he p rep a res the S ite Deve lop ment Pl a n fo r t h e p r o j e c t. The Requirements in Preparing the Plans 2024 21 Location/Vicinity Map of the Project Site T he Lot Pl an i s p re p a re d by the Geodet i c Eng i neer on a p re sc ri bed d raw in g sh eet. Amo ng o the r st a nd a rd draw i ng s to be s h ow n the reon i s t he Loc a ti on or V ic i nity M ap w here t he e x ac t p o si tio n o f the pr oje ct site i n a s u b div i si on or c om m un ity is p i np oi nted. De t a i ls sh ow n on t he l o c at io n m ap are t he l ot s, blo c ks a n d t he net wor k o f r o ad s i n t he area, etc. The Requirements in Preparing the Plans 2024 22 The Site Development Plan In t he S ite De velo pme nt Pl an , t he p o si tio n , s h ape and d i men si on s of t he p ro po sed p ro jec t a re s hown. T he i m pro vement s p ro pos ed to be i nt rod u ced on the pro per ty a re a l s o i n d i c ated. The Requirements in Preparing the Plans 2024 23 Inspection of the Project Site To acquaint the architect with actual conditions of the project site, the project owner should invite and accompany him to inspect it. This will result in further exchange of views on how best to achieve their common goal before the plans are started. It will also enable the architect to evaluate the negative and positive features of the land and take them into consideration in developing the design and plans. For example, if the terrain of the land is slopping, the architect will prepare a plan that will fit the contour of the land. This will reduce construction cost by minimizing the need to level and fill the uneven surface of the project site. The Requirements in Preparing the Plans 2024 24 Preparation of the Preliminary Studies The development of the building design and plans generally comes in two stages. In the first stage, the architect prepares presentation drawings reflecting his best concept of the project. The plans he produced must conform to the reasonable wishes of the project owners and the building laws and regulation, among other considerations. The Requirements in Preparing the Plans 2024 25 Preparation of the Preliminary Studies The initial drawings produced – commonly called preliminary studies – are presented to the owner for his study and approval. A rough estimate of the project cost, which may be calculated based on the floor area of the proposed structure is also shown. The drawings initially submitted to the owner usually consist of the perspective view of the proposed building that shows how it will look like when finished, the floor plans, site development plan, elevations or cross sections of the project. The Requirements in Preparing the Plans 2024 26 Preparation of the Preliminary Studies The preliminary studies are rendered in black and white or in color, using manual drafting or by computer. Needless to say, the architect or designer would strive to produce well-laid out floor plans that will enable the building occupants to live in comfort within it, or perform efficiently the activities or work in the building. He/she would strive for aesthetically pleasing views of the building; and to make a convincing presentation of his/her ideas to elicit favorable reaction from the project owner or proponent. The Requirements in Preparing the Plans 2024 27 Preparation of the Preliminary Studies If the owner is not satisfied with the preliminary plans and requests for changes, the architect will have to go back to the drawing board , so to speak, and make the desired revisions. He/She will present the new drawings to the owner for study and approval. The owner may make one or more such requests for plan adjustments before he gives his approval. The Requirements in Preparing the Plans 2024 28 Drafting the Final Working Drawings The second stage involves drafting the complete construction drawings of the project following the owner ’s approval of the preliminary design studies. The detailed drawings and plans would cover all the architectural, structural, electrical, plumbing, mechanical, and other construction phases – to be implemented by the contractor, builder, construction project administrator or manager in charge of the construction. The architect will also prepare the related construction documents such as the Bill of Materials and Cost Estimates, Construction Specifications, Invitation to Bidders and draft of proposed Construction Contract. He will also accomplish the Application for Building Permit for submission and approval of the proper government office. The Requirements in Preparing the Plans 2024 29 Drafting the Final Working Drawings When the plans and companion documents are completed, they are reproduced in several copies by whiteprinting and photocopying, respectively. The reproduced copies are signed and dry-sealed by the architect and the engineers who prepared them. The building owner would also affix his or her signature on the plans and documents to signify approval of their contents. Copies of the plans and accompanying documents are issued to contractors desiring to bid for the construction of the structure. The prescribed number of copies are submitted to the concerned government offices for approval and granting of the necessary construction permits and clearances. The Requirements in Preparing the Plans 2024 30 Applying for a Real Estate Loan for Building Construction If the owner intends to apply for a real estate loan to partly finance the construction of his project, he must submit copies of the approved plans, Specifications, Bill of Materials and Cost Estimates, together with other requirements of the bank or financing company. The bank or lending company will appraise the cost of the project as shown on the documents and plans submitted by the project proponent. It will also send its appraiser who will bring along with him the complete plans to inspect the project site. The study of the plans and site visit by the bank appraiser would help the leader in determining the amount of loan it will grant the applicant. The Requirements in Preparing the Plans 2024 31 Making a Rough Estimate of the Project Cost A ver y com mo n p ra c t i ce emp l oyed by a r ch ite ct s, en gi neer s , bu i lder s and e st im ato rs to deter mi ne t he p ro b ab le co st o f a pr oje ct i s t o f irs t c omp ute t he f l oor a re a i n sq u a re meter s. Th i s are a is mu lt i pl ie d by an a s su med valu e (or u ni t c os t) a nd the re s ul t wo u ld be es tim ate d c os t o f t he str u ct u re to be bu i lt. T he a s s umed va lue to be m u lt ip l ied by t he a re a o f t he b u il d in g is us u a lly b a sed o n h i sto r ic a l reco rd s o f t he a r c h i t ec t o r e s t i m a to r. Ho w e ver, t h e a m o u n t m ay a l s o c o m e f r o m o t h e r r e l i a b le s o u r c e s. Fo r examp le , an a rch i tec t wa s c omm i s sio ned by one bu s i ness m a n to p l a n an d s u per v ise t he co n st ru c t io n of h is c omme rc i a l b u il di n g wi t h a to ta l e n clo sed a re a of 450 s q u a re m eters. F ro m t he rec ords o f co n st ru c t io n, t he to ta l a mou nt ex pen ded to c omp lete t h e p ro j e c t wa s Ph p 5 , 4 0 0, 000. 00 The Requirements in Preparing the Plans 2024 32 Making a Rough Estimate of the Project Cost To f in d the u n it co st per s q u are mete r, di vi de t he to ta l c ost by t he are a o f the building, thus: Ph p 5 , 4 0 0, 000. 00 U nit Cost = = Php 12, 000. 00 450 S q. M The Requirements in Preparing the Plans 2024 33 Making a Rough Estimate of the Project Cost A few mo nt h s l ater, th e arc h itec t wa s aga in co nt ra cte d by t he sa me b u si nes s m an to des ig n a no t her bui l di n g to be b u il t o n h i s p rope rty j u st a few blo c ks away f rom the re ce nt ly co mp leted proje ct. The ow ner wa nt s hi s arc hi tec t to de si g n h is next bu il d i ng s u c h t h at it wo ul d have si mi l ar spe ci f ic at io n s , ut i lize the s ame k i nd o f m ateri a l s a n d fo llo w the arc hi tect ura l sty le a nd en g ineer i ng de si gn s o f the re centl y c on str u cted one. L ate r, the arc hi tect ca me u p wi th t he dei gn o f t he propo sed b u il d i ng wi t h a n a re a o f 375 s q u a re m ete rs. Prob lem : W h at wo u ld be t he e st im ated c ost o f t he new b ui ld i ng i f the un it c o st p e r s q u a re m ete r i s a l s o a s s u m e d to b e Ph p 1 2 , 0 00. 00? The Requirements in Preparing the Plans 2024 34 Making a Rough Estimate of the Project Cost A ns wer : M ul ti pl y t he a s s umed c ost per sq u a re meter by t he to tal are a o f the b u i l d i n g , a s s h o w n b e l o w. Estimate d Co st = Php 12, 000. 00 X 375 sq. m = Php 4, 500, 000.00 The Requirements in Preparing the Plans 2024 35 Making a Rough Estimate of the Project Cost It is ad vi s ab le t h at w he n c a l cu l at i ng th e pr ob a ble co st for co n st r uc ti n g a b u i ld in g u si n g t he ab ove p ro ce d ure , it s f l oo r sp a ces are c l as s i f ied i nto e n cl ose d a n d o pen are a s. It s ro om h av i ng wal l s on a ll side s are en c lo sed area s. S p a ces p r ovi ded in t he p l a n s fo r c e r t a i n a c t i v i t ies w h e r e e n c l o s ur es a r e n o t r e q u i red a r e c o n s i d ered o p e n a r e a s. I n gene ral , t he u n it c o st for co n st r uc ti n g t he e nc lo sed room s i s hi g her t h an the o pen sp a ce s. It i s as s u med here t h at t he m ater i al s to be u se , met ho d o f c on str uc t ion a n d o t h e r fa c to rs a re t h e s a m e fo r b o t h t h e e n c l o s ed a n d o p e n a re a s. I t s ho u ld al so be reme mbere d th at co n str u ct io n co st ri ses over t he yea rs due to i n fl at io n. A rch ite ct s , co nt rac to rs, e st im ato rs a nd des ig ners s ho u ld t herefo re keep t ra ck o f t h e t re n d i n c o n st r u c ti on c o st s a n d c o n sta nt l y u p d ate t h e i r refe ren ce f i l e s. The Requirements in Preparing the Plans 2024 36  Thank you K E R R Y J E A N A G I L L I O N / K I M B E R L Y A T I E N Z A / J E I A N N E A I R I E L B A G O N The Requirements in Preparing the Plans 2024 37