Basic Electrical Engineering Lecture Notes PDF

Basic Electrical Engineering http://www.free-powerpoint-templates-design.com http://www.free-powerpoint-templates-design.com Electrical Engineering Law and Introduction to Electricity TOPIC AGENDA AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES Law Governing 01 Electrical Engineering 03 Electrical Safety Practice 02 Electrical Engineering 04 Introduction to electricity Common Laws Governing Electrical Engineering Profession Other Electrical Laws/Codes are; 1. RA 9236 – Electric Power Industry Reform Act (EPIRA) Law 2. RA 11361 – Anti Obstruction of Power Lines Act 3. The Philippine Grid/Distribution Code RA 7920 PEC 2017 Edition Republic Act 7920 The New Electrical Engineering Law Purpose of RA 7920 An act providing for a more responsive and comprehensive regulation for the practice, licensing, and registration of electrical engineers and electricians. Content 1. A Declaration of Policy 2. Definition of Terms Used as Reference in Regulating the Practice of the Electrical Profession 3. Substantive Provisions for the Field of Practice of Responsible Character of Electrical Practitioners. 4. Mandate on: “Who are Authorized to Practice‟ Electrical Technology & Electrical Engineering Profession 5. Mandate on: „Who Are Authorized to Teach‟ Electrical Engineering Courses in Colleges & Universities. 6. Employability amongst Licensed Electrical Practitioners The Philippine Electrical Code 2017 Purpose of PEC The primary objective of the code is to establish basic materials quality and electrical works standards for the safe use of electricity for light, heat, power, communications, signaling and for other purposes. Intentions I. Electrical Safety Standards A. The Philippine Electrical Code is hereby adopted & the standards contained therein shall be considered safety standards. B. Based on 2017 National Electrical Code (NFPA 70) C. Adopted in the Occupational Safety and Health Standards by the BWC-DOLE as a “Electrical Safety Standard” (Rule 1210-Electrical Safety). D. Adopted by Fire Code for the Safe Use of Electricity. Content 1. Electrical Design and Specifications Safety Standards 2. Electrical Installation Safety Standards 3. Operation and Maintenance Safety Standards ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Electrical Engineering is an engineering discipline concerned with the study, design and application of equipment, devices and systems which use electricity, electronics and magnetism. Electrical engineering practice and promotes electrical safety, enhancement, optimization and creation of electrical technology for the interest of different constituents. Electrical engineers hold a degree in electrical engineering Practicing engineers have professional certification from PRC and a member of Institute or Integrated Electrical Engineers as mandated by RA 7920. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Article 1, Section 2.(a) - Practice of Electrical Engineering 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 CONSULTANCY DESIGN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT MANUFACTURING EDUCATION SALES /REPAIR CONSULTATION, DESIGN AND SUPERVISION OF SUPERVISION OF SUPERVISION OF TEACHING OF TAKING CHARGE OF INVESTIGATION, PREPARATION OF ERECTION, OPERATION AND THE MANUFACTURE ELECTRICAL THE SALE AND VALUATION AND PLANS, INSTALLATION, MAINTENANCE OF AND REPAIR OF ENGINEERING DISTRIBUTION OF MANAGEMENT SPECIFICATIONS TESTING AND ELECTRICAL ELECTRICAL PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICAL OF SERVICES AND ESTIMATES COMMISSIONING EQUIPMENT IN EQUIPMENT SUBJECTS; EQUIPMENT AND REQUIRING FOR ELECTRIC OF POWER PLANTS, POWER PLANTS, INCLUDING SYSTEMS ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS, SUBSTATIONS, INDUSTRIAL SWITCHBOARDS, REQUIRING ENGINEERING POWER PLANTS, TRANSMISSION PLANTS, TRANSFORMERS, ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE; POWER LINES, INDUSTRIAL WATERCRAFTS, GENERATORS, CALCULATIONS OR DISTRIBUTION PLANTS AND ELECTRIC MOTORS, APPLICATIONS OF SYSTEMS OTHERS; LOCOMOTIVES AND APPARATUS AND ENGINEERING DATA OTHERS; OTHERS; SA ELECTRICAL F E T Y INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICITY https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/history-of-electricity-timeline-infographic-11733589 INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICITY Electricity Is a form of energy generated by friction, induction or chemical change, having magnetic, chemical and radiant effect. Electron in motion. It is a property of the basic particles of matter consists of the following; A. Electron – Referred to as the negative charge of electricity. B. Proton – Referred to as the positive charge of electricity. That weighs about 1,850 times as much as electron. C. Neutron – Referred to as the positive charge of electricity. That weighs about 1,850 times as much as electron. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L8WauHZ2Lo8&feature=emb_logo INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICITY Types of electricity Static Electricity Static electricity is the result of an accumulation of electric charges that occurs when two non- metallic objects rub against each other. Electrons jump from one object to the other, causing a positive charge in one and a negative charge in the other. Dynamic Electricity Dynamic electricity is the flow of electric charges through a conductor; in other words, an electric current. INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICITY The Electron Theory The Electron Theory states that all matter is made of electricity. All atoms are believed to be composed of electrons which are minute particles of negative electricity. Everything about us is composed of electricity. The electrons, under certain circumstances, can be forced from the atom. Electrical phenomena occur when some of these electron is moved or when the electrical balance which normally is obtained with the atom is disturbed. INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICITY Sources of Electricity Friction Static electricity generated by the action of friction between two materials. Chemical Action Chemical that reacts in the electrodes to produce electrical energy. Light Action Electricity is generated through solar energy. Heat Action Steam under pressure that is used to move the axis of electric generators. Pressure Electricity is generated by releasing a controlled flow of high-pressure water through a forced conduit. Mechanical Action Electricity is generated by rotating machines such as turbines. INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICITY Effects of Electricity Electricity is one form of energy which could not be seen, but its present could be detected though numerous effects as follows; 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Luminous Thermal Mechanical Photoelectric Magnetic Chemical Physiological Effect Effect Effect Effect Effect Effect Effect Lighting Heating Rotating Photocells Electromagnet Electroplating Therapy machines Thank You Basic Electrical Engineering http://www.free-powerpoint-templates-design.com http://www.free-powerpoint-templates-design.com Electricity Components Week 3 TOPIC AGENDA AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES Discussion on Voltage, Discussion on Electric 01 Current, and Resistance 02 Power. Introduction to Ohm’s 03 Law ELECTRICITY COMPONENTS Voltage Also called electromotive force, a quantitative expression of the potential difference in charge between two points in an electric field. Is the pressure from an electrical circuit’s power source that pushes charged electrons (current) through a conducting loop, enabling them to do work such as illuminating light, driving a motor, heating, etc. In brief, voltage = pressure, and it is measured in volts (V). The term recognizes Italian physicist Alessandro Volta (1745-1827), inventor of the voltaic pile—the forerunner of today's household battery. ELECTRICITY COMPONENTS Voltage Voltage is either alternating current (ac) voltage or direct current (dc) voltage. Alternating current voltage flows in evenly sine waves. It reverses direction at regular intervals. It is also produced by utilities via generators, where mechanical energy (movement of the turbine via hydro, wind, steam and heat energy) is converted to electrical energy. ELECTRICITY COMPONENTS Voltage Direct current voltage travels in a straight line, and in one direction only. Sources of DC voltage have positive and negative terminals. Terminals establish polarity in a circuit, and polarity can be used to determine if a circuit is DC or AC. Commonly used in battery powered portable equipment and devices. (Laptops, cellphones, electric scooters, flashlights, cameras, etc. ELECTRICITY COMPONENTS Current Current is a flow of electrical charge, usually electrons or electron-deficient atoms, moving through an electrical conductor. The SI unit of current is Ampere, which is the flow of electric charge across a surface at the rate of one coulomb per second. The conventional symbol for current is I, which originated from the French phrase intensite du courant (current intensity). The symbol I was used by Andre-Marie Ampere, after whom the unit of electric current was named, in formulating Ampere’s force law. ELECTRICITY COMPONENTS Current Electric current can be either direct or alternating. Direct current (DC) flows in the same direction at all points in time (sometimes called unidirectional flow), although the instantaneous magnitude of the current might vary. Direct current is produced by sources such as batteries, thermocouples, solar cells, and commutator-type electric machines of the dynamo type. Old name for direct current was galvanic current. ELECTRICITY COMPONENTS Current In alternating current, the movement of electric charge periodically reverses direction. It is a form of electric power most commonly delivered to residences and business establishments. The usual waveform of an AC power circuit is sine wave, though certain applications use alternative waveforms such as triangular or square waves. Alternating current can also be converted to direct current through the use of a rectifier. ELECTRICITY COMPONENTS Resistance The electrical resistance of an electrical conductor is a measure of the difficulty of passing an electric current through a substance. Resistance, discovered by George Simon Ohm in 1827, is the ratio between voltage and current, with SI unit of ohm (Ω). It explains the relationship between voltage (amount of electrical pressure) and the current (flow of electricity).) The resistance of an object depends in large part on the material it is made of, Objects made of electrical insulators like rubber tend to have high resistance and low conductivity while objects made of electrical conductors like metals tend to have very low resistance and high conductivity. ELECTRICITY COMPONENTS Electric Power Electric power is the rate, per unit time, at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit. SI unit of power is Watt, named after 18th - century Scottish inventor James Watt, which is equivalent to one joule per second. The electric power in watts produced by an electric current I consisting of a charge Q coulombs every t seconds passing through and electric potential (voltage) difference of V. In equation, P – work done per unit time = VQ / t = VI. Electric power can be delivered over long distances by transmission lines and used for applications such as motion, light or heat, with high efficiency. Animation showing Animation showing Electric Load Power Source ELECTRICITY COMPONENTS The Ohm’s Law Ohm’s law states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points and inversely proportional to its resistance. Ohm’s law is an empirical relation which accurately describes the conductivity of the vast majority of electrically conductive materials over many orders of magnitude of current. The law was named after the German Physicist Georg Ohm, who, in a treatise published in 18 27, described measurements of applied voltage and current through simple electrical circuits containing various length of wire. ELECTRICITY COMPONENTS Ohm’s Law Sample Problems 1. Find the current in a circuit with 220VAC with 50 ohms resistance. 2. Find the voltage of the source when the load is running in 60 Hz, with 8 amperes current and 55 ohms resistance. 3. What is the power drawn in a motor with 440 VAC and running in 3 phase, 60 Hz, 5 amperes current. 4. What is the resistance of an electric appliance having 1000 watts specifications and running in 230 VAC. 5. What is the current drawn by an electric generator in a high rise building with the speed of 1,800 RPM, 2,000KW, 440 VAC. ELECTRICITY COMPONENTS Definition 1. What is an electric circuit. 2. What is the difference between series circuit and parallel circuit. Give photo example. 3. What are the basic components of an electrical circuit. Give photo example. 4. How can we compute for the total resistance in a series and parallel circuit? 5. What is the behavior of a voltage in a series and parallel circuit? 6. What is the behavior of a current in a series and parallel circuit? Thank You Basic Electrical Engineering http://www.free-powerpoint-templates-design.com http://www.free-powerpoint-templates-design.com Basic Electrical Circuits Week 4 TOPIC AGENDA AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES 01 Electric Circuit Definition 02 Electric Circuit Components 03 Electric Circuit Types 04 Electric Circuit Computation ELECTRIC CIRCUITS Definition An electric circuit is a closed path for transmitting an electric current through the medium of electrical and magnetic fields. The flow of electrons across the loop constitutes the electric current. Electrons enter the circuit through the source - which can be from battery or a generator. The source provides energy to the electrons, by setting up an electric field which provides the electromotive force. Electrical circuit is an interconnection of electrical elements such as the source, the switch and a load. ELECTRIC CIRCUITS Basic Properties of Electrical Circuits Electrical circuit is always a closed path. Electrical circuit always consists of an energy source. Direction of flow of current is from positive terminal to negative terminal of the source (DC circuit) Direction of flow of electrons is from negative terminal to positive terminal of the source. ELECTRIC CIRCUITS Basic Electrical Circuit Elements Active Circuit Elements Active circuit elements are those which can generate energy. Examples includes batteries, generators, transistors, op-amps, and diode. Source elements are the most significant active elements. Two types of source elements 1. Independent source Source that provide constant voltage/current to the circuit irrespective to the current flowing to the circuit terminals. Example - Generators and Batteries. ELECTRIC CIRCUITS Basic Electrical Circuit Elements Active Circuit Elements 2. Dependent source Source that provide voltage/current to the circuit depending upon the differential input voltage applied to its terminals. Example – Transistors, Diodes, Op-Amps Diode Transistor Operational Amplifier ELECTRIC CIRCUITS Basic Electrical Circuit Elements Passive Circuit Elements Passive circuit elements can be defined as elements which can control the flow of electrons through them. They either increase or decrease the voltage. Examples of passive elements 1. Resistor A resistor opposes the flow of current through it. 2. Inductor An inductor stores energy in form of the electromagnetic field. The voltage across an inductor is proportional to the rate of change of current through it. 3. Capacitor A capacitor stores energy in form of the electrostatic field. The voltage across a capacitor is proportional to the charge. ELECTRIC CIRCUITS Electrical Circuits Components Source – Provides voltage and current in the circuit Switches – Devices used to control the behavior of the load. Wires – a conducting path that carries electric current from one point to another in a circuit. Load – devices that consumes electric current of a circuit. Protection devices – safety devices used to protect the circuit from unwanted circumstances such as short circuit, surge, over voltage, etc. ELECTRIC CIRCUITS Electrical Circuit Diagram A circuit diagram is a visual representation of an electrical circuit. It also refers as Electrical Drawing. Circuit diagrams are represented by interconnection of lines and symbols to represent electrical components. ELECTRIC CIRCUITS Electrical Circuit Diagram Types of Circuit Diagrams 1. Block diagram Is a type of electrical drawing that represents the principle components of a complex system in the form of blocks interconnected by lines to represent their relation. It is the simplest form of electrical drawing as it only highlights the function of each component and provides the flow of process in the system. ELECTRIC CIRCUITS Electrical Circuit Diagram 2. Schematic Circuit Diagrams Shows the complete electrical connections between components using their symbols and lines. It helps in showing the series and parallel connection between the components and the exact terminal connection between them. It is the most common type of electrical drawing and are mostly in implementing electrical circuits by electrical practitioners. ELECTRIC CIRCUITS Electrical Circuit Diagram 3. Single Line Diagram (SLD) or One Line Diagram Is a representation of an electrical circuit using a single line. Single line diagrams is used for determining and isolating any fault equipment in any power system during troubleshooting. Single line diagrams does not show the electrical components but it shows the size and ratings of the components being used. ELECTRIC CIRCUITS Electrical Circuit Diagram 4. Wiring Diagram Wiring diagram is used for the representation of electrical components in their approximate physical location using their interconnections using lines. Wiring diagram shows a pictorial view of the components such that it resembles its electrical connection, arrangement and position in real circuit. It is mostly used for wiring installations in residential and industries. ELECTRIC CIRCUITS Electrical Circuit Diagram 5. Pictorial Diagram Pictorial diagram does not necessarily represent the actual circuit. In fact, it shows the visual appearance of the circuit in real time. It cannot be used to understand or troubleshoot the actual circuit. ELECTRIC CIRCUITS Electrical Circuit Diagram 6. Ladder Diagram or Line Diagram Ladder diagrams are electrical diagrams that represents an electrical circuits in industries to document control logic systems. A ladder diagram is simple, easier to understand and helps in troubleshooting the circuit quickly. ELECTRIC CIRCUITS Electrical Circuit Diagram 7. Logic Diagram Logic diagram represents a logic circuit by showing complex circuit and process using various blocks or symbols. The logic functions are represented by their logic symbols whereas the blocks are used to represent complex circuit logic circuit. These blocks are labeled with their logic function for better understanding without knowing the internal structure. It only represents the logical function of the circuit or device where the signal is considered in binary format i.e. 1 or 0. It is commonly used in digital logic designing. ELECTRIC CIRCUITS Electrical Circuit Diagram 8. Riser Diagram The riser diagram is the illustration of the physical layout of electrical distribution of the physical layout of electrical distribution in a multilevel building using a single line. The riser diagram got its name because it illustrates the power flow from one level to another. It does not specify the physical location of the equipment. It mainly focuses on the power distribution to the different appliances in a building on each level. Electrical practitioners rely on riser diagram of a building to avoid any potential electrical hazards. ELECTRIC CIRCUITS Electrical Circuit Diagram 9. Electrical Floor Plan It is a vertical representation of various appliances such as light, switch, fans, motors, and ACU in a building or house. It specifies their exact location with their size and distance from each wall and ceiling. It shows scaled version of each room from above. It usually contains legend that provides a visual explanation of the symbols used in it. ELECTRIC CIRCUITS Electrical Circuit Diagram Symbols ELECTRIC CIRCUITS Types of Electrical Circuits DC Circuits AC Circuits The excitation applied is a constant Direct The excitation applied is a constant Alternating Current source. Current source. ELECTRIC CIRCUITS Electrical Circuits Behavior Closed Circuit An electric circuit has a source of Electromotive force and a load. This load acts as a conductor path. If the current flows through the load it is considered as a closed circuit. ELECTRIC CIRCUITS Electrical Circuits Behavior Open Circuit If in a simple circuit one terminal is disconnected, then there is no flow of current through that circuit. This is said to be an open circuit or no-load condition. ELECTRIC CIRCUITS Electrical Circuits Behavior Short Circuit The term short circuit is most commonly used by electricians to refer to the situation in which a hot wire carrying live current touches a neutral wire. When this happens, resistance lessens instantly and a large volume of current flows through an unexpected pathway. When this classic short circuit occurs, sparks sometimes fly, you may hear crackling, and sometimes smoke and flames occur. Causes of Short Circuit 1. Faulty Circuit Wire Insulation 2. Loose Wire Connections 3. Faulty Appliance Wiring ELECTRIC CIRCUITS Classification of Electrical Circuits Series Circuits Circuit elements (resistor, inductor and capacitor) are connected in series with an energy source. For a series circuit, same amount of current flows through each element and voltage is divided. 𝐼𝑇 = 𝐼1 = 𝐼2 = 𝐼3 = 𝐼4 = …………….. 𝑉𝑇 = 𝑉1 + 𝑉2 + 𝑉3 + 𝑉4 + …………….. ELECTRIC CIRCUITS Classification of Electrical Circuits Series Circuits For a resistor connected in series, the total resistance is equal to the sum is all resistance values. 𝑅𝑇 = 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 + 𝑅3 + 𝑅4 + …………….. For an inductor connected in series, the total inductance is equal to the sum is all inductance values. 𝐿 𝑇 = 𝐿1 + 𝐿2 + 𝐿3 + 𝐿4 + …………….. For a capacitor connected in series, the total capacitance is equal to the sum of reciprocals of all capacitance values. 1 1 1 1 1 = + + + + …………….. 𝐶𝑇 𝐶1 𝐶2 𝐶3 𝐶4 ELECTRIC CIRCUITS Classification of Electrical Circuits Parallel circuits In a parallel circuit, one terminal of all the elements is connected to the one terminal of the source and the other terminal of all elements is connected to the other terminal of the source. For a parallel circuit, the voltage remains the same in the parallel elements while the current changes. 𝑉𝑇 = 𝑉1 = 𝑉2 = 𝑉3 = 𝑉4 = …………….. 𝐼𝑇 = 𝐼1 + 𝐼2 + 𝐼3 + 𝐼4 + …………….. ELECTRIC CIRCUITS Classification of Electrical Circuits Parallel circuits For a resistor connected in parallel, the total resistance is equal to the sum of reciprocals of all resistance values. 1 1 1 1 1 = + + + + …………….. 𝑅𝑇 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅3 𝑅4 For a inductor connected in series, the total inductance is equal to the sum of reciprocals of all inductance values. 1 1 1 1 1 = + + + + …………….. 𝐿𝑇 𝐿1 𝐿2 𝐿3 𝐿4 For a capacitor connected in series, the total capacitance is equal to the sum of all capacitance values. 𝐶𝑇 = 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 + 𝐶3 + 𝐶4 + …………….. ELECTRIC CIRCUITS Sample Problems 1. Determine the following quantities for each of the two circuits shown below. i. The equivalent resistance ii. The current from the supply iii. The current through each resistor iv. The voltage drop across each resistor v. The power dissipated in each resistor a. Series Circuit b. Parallel ELECTRIC CIRCUITS References https://www.thespruce.com/what-causes-short-circuits-4118973 https://www. electronicshub. org/basic − electrical − circuits − componentstypes/ https://www.codrey.com/dc-circuits/what-is-an-electric-circuit/ https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2020/04/types-electrical-drawing-diagrams.html/amp https://www.thespruce.com/what-causes-short-circuits-4118973 https://physics.info/circuits-r/practice.shtml Thank You Basic Electrical Engineering http://www.free-powerpoint-templates-design.com http://www.free-powerpoint-templates-design.com ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Week 5 TOPIC AGENDA AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES 01 Electrical Wiring Devices 02 Electrical Wiring Splices and Joints Introduction to Electrical 03 Wiring System ELECTRIC HOUSE WIRING Electrical Wiring Devices Electrical materials are developed and constructed for a special purpose such as to: 1. Control the flow of current in an electrical circuit; 2. Carry electrical current from the source to the load or current consuming apparatus; 3. Hold and secure wires to its fixtures inside and outside houses and buildings; and 4. Protect the houses, buildings, appliances and instruments from any destruction and damage. ELECTRIC HOUSE WIRING Electrical Wiring Devices The following are the most used electrical materials Convenience outlet a device that acts as a convenient source of electrical energy for current consuming appliances. It is where the male plug of an appliance is inserted and usually fastened on the wall or connected in an extension cord. It maybe single, duplex, triplex or multiplex and could be surface type or flush type. Male plug a device inserted to a convenience outlet to conduct electric current. A flat cord is attached to it on one end and the other end is connected to a current consuming instrument or appliance. ELECTRIC HOUSE WIRING Electrical Wiring Devices Switches a device that connects and disconnects the flow of electric current in a circuit. There are many shapes, designs, and types and they are classified as hanging, flush, and surface types. Lamp holders devices that hold and protect the lamp and are also called as ―Lamp Sockets/Receptacles‖. These come in many designs and sizes. They are classified as flush, hanging (weather proof/chain) and surface types. ELECTRIC HOUSE WIRING Electrical Wiring Devices Fuse a circuit protective device that automatically blows and cut the current when and overload or short circuit happens. Circuit Breaker a protective device used to automatically blows and cuts the current when trouble in the circuit such as short circuit or overload occurs. ELECTRIC HOUSE WIRING Electrical Wiring Devices Junction Box an octagonal shaped electrical material where the connections or joints of wires are being done. It is also where the flush type lamp holder is attached. This could be made of metal or plastic (PVC) Polyvinylchloride. Utility Box a rectangular shaped metallic or plastic (PVC) material in which flush type convenience outlet and switch are attached. ELECTRIC HOUSE WIRING Electrical Wiring Devices Flat Cord Is a duplex stranded wire used for temporary wiring installation and commonly used in extension cord assembly. It comes in a roll of 150 meters and with sizes of gauge # 18 and gauge # 16 awg (American wire gauge). Electrical Wire/Conductor a. Stranded wire which is made of multiple strands joined together to make a single wire. b. Solid wire is made of a single strand of copper or aluminum wire. These are used in wiring installation inside and outside the buildings. ELECTRIC HOUSE WIRING Electrical Wiring Devices Conduits/Pipes electrical materials used as the passage of wires for protection and insulation. These could be rigid metallic, flexible metallic conduit (FMC), rigid nonmetallic (PVC), and flexible non-metallic or corrugated plastic conduit (CPC). Clamps electrical materials used to hold and anchor electrical conduits in its proper position. Connectors used to attach metallic or non-metallic conduit to the junction or utility boxes. ELECTRIC HOUSE WIRING Electrical Wiring Splices and Joints The following are the Common Electrical Wire Splices and Joints. Rat Tail or Pig Tail kind of joint is commonly used to join two or more conductors inside the junction box. It is suitable for service where there is no mechanical stress when wires are to be connected in an outlet box, switch, or conduit fitting. Y-splice method of wrapping is generally used on small cables because the strands are flexible and all can be wrapped in one operation. Knotted tap This is used where the tap wire is under heavy tensile stress. Staggered Splice The staggered splice is used on multiconductor cables to prevent the joint from being bulky. ELECTRIC HOUSE WIRING Electrical Wiring Splices and Joints Plain tap joint used where the tap wire is under considerable tensile stress circuit. Aerial tap is used as a temporary tap usually done in constructions sites. The easy twist will facilitate tap wire movement. Duplex cross joint a two-tap wire turned simultaneously and is used where the two tap wire is under heavy tensile stress. Cross joint The same application is done as in plain tap and the only difference is that this tap is a combination of two plain taps place side by side with each other. ELECTRIC HOUSE WIRING Electrical Wiring Splices and Joints Western Union Short-tie Splice. This is the most widely used splice or joint in interior wiring installation to extend the length of wire from one point to another. Western Union Long Tie This is used extensively for outside wiring to extend the length of wire from one end to another. Wrapped Tap or Tee Joint This is used on large solid conductors where it is difficult to wrap the heavy tap wire around the main wire. ELECTRIC HOUSE WIRING Electrical Wiring Splices and Joints Fixture Joint The joint is used to connect a small-diameter wire, such as in a lighting fixture, to a larger diameter wire used in a branch circuit. Like the rattail joint, the fixture joint will not stand much strain. Knotted Tap Joint The branch wire is laid behind the main wire. About three-fourths of the bare portion of the branch wire extends above the main wire. Wire Nut and Split Bolt Splices The wire nut is a device commonly used to replace the rattail joint splice. The split bolt splice is used extensively to join large conductors. ELECTRIC HOUSE WIRING Electrical Wiring Splices and Joints Screw on Wire Connectors 4 pin plastic wiring harness connector Waterproof heat shrink butt connector ELECTRIC HOUSE WIRING Electrical Wiring Splices and Joints Wire Connector Terminal SPL Terminal Block electric cable wire Push in wire connector connector ELECTRIC HOUSE WIRING Electrical Wiring System ELECTRIC HOUSE WIRING Electrical Wiring System - Service (p.12) Service (Art 1.1) The conductors and equipment for delivering electric energy from the serving utility to the wiring system of the premises served Service Conductor (Art 1.1) the conductors from the service point to the service disconnecting means. Service Point (Art 1.1) the point of connection between the facilities of the serving utility and the premises wiring. ELECTRIC HOUSE WIRING Electrical Wiring System - Service Drop and Service Lateral Service Drop (Art 1.1) The overhead service conductors from the last pole or other aerial support to and including the splices, if any, connecting to the service entrance conductors at the building or other structure Service Lateral The underground service conductors between the street main, including any risers at a pole or other structure or from the transformer ELECTRIC HOUSE WIRING Electrical Wiring System – Service Equipment Service Equipment (Art 1.1) the necessary equipment, usually consisting of a circuit breaker(s) or switch(es) and fuse(s) and their accessories, connected to the load end of service entrance conductors to a building and intended to constitute the main control and cutoff the supply. This shall be located inside or outside wall of the building served or to nearest point of entry of a non- building structure served. ELECTRIC HOUSE WIRING Electrical Wiring System - Feeder Feeder (Art 1.1) All circuit conductors between the service equipment of a separately derived system, or other power supply source and the final branch circuit overcurrent device. ELECTRIC HOUSE WIRING Electrical Wiring System - Branch Circuit Branch Circuit (Art 1.1) The circuit conductors between the final overcurrent device protecting the circuit and the outlets(s). ELECTRIC HOUSE WIRING Electrical Wiring System 2.0.1.6 Means of Identification of Grounded Conductors (p.35) (a) Sizes 14 mm2 or Smaller – An insulated grounded conductor of 14 mm2 or smaller shall be identified by one of the following means (1) a continuous white outer finish (2) a continuous gray outer finish (3) three continuous white or gray stripes along the conductors entire length on other than green insulation (4) Wires that have their outer covering finished to show a white or gray color but have colored tracer threads in the braid identifying the source of manufacture shall be considered as meeting the provisions of this section ELECTRIC HOUSE WIRING Electrical Wiring System 2.0.1.6 Means of Identification of Grounded Conductors (p.35) (5) The grounded conductor of a mineral- insulated, metal-sheated cable (Type MI) shall be identified at the time of installation by distinctive marking at its terminations. (6) A single-conductor, sunlight resistant, outdoor-rated cable used as a grounded conductor in photovoltaic power systems, as permitted by 6.90.4.1, shall be identified at the time of installation by distinctive white marking at all terminations. ELECTRIC HOUSE WIRING Electrical Wiring System 2.0.1.6 Means of Identification of Grounded Conductors (p.36) (a) Sizes Larger 14 mm2 – An insulated grounded conductor larger than 14 mm2 shall be identified by one of the following means: (1) a continuous white outer finish (2) a continuous gray outer finish (3) three continuous white or gray stripes along the conductors entire length on other than green insulation (4) At the time of installation, by a distinctive white or gray marking at its terminations. This marking shall encircle conductor or insulation. ELECTRIC HOUSE WIRING References https://gltnhs-tle.weebly.com/lesson-12.html https://www. electricveda. com/building − services/wiring − materials − and − installation − methods − in − electrical − construction − works https://pdhonline.com/courses/e249/Mod04-Chapter-2-Wiring-Techniques.pdf Shop Practice with Electrical Code: Electrical Wiring System, Engr. Jayson Bryan Mutuc Thank You Basic Electrical Engineering BSCE II http://www.free-powerpoint-templates-design.com http://www.free-powerpoint-templates-design.com ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Part 2 Week 6 TOPIC AGENDA AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES To Familiarize with Basic To Identify different parts 01 House Wiring Circuit 02 and function of house wiring Diagrams circuit diagrams To Learn Basic Residential Electrical 03 Design ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Basic Electrical Wiring Diagrams Wiring Diagram A wiring diagram is a simple visual representation of the physical connections and physical layout of an electrical system or circuit. It shows how the electrical wires are interconnected and can also show where fixtures and components may be connected to the system. When and How to Use a Wiring Diagram Use wiring diagrams to assist in building or manufacturing the circuit or electronic device. They are also useful for making repairs. For example, a home builder will want to confirm the physical location of electrical outlets and light fixtures using a wiring diagram to avoid costly mistakes and building code violations. ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Basic Electrical Wiring Diagrams How is a Wiring Diagram Different from a Schematic? A schematic shows the plan and function for an electrical circuit, but is not concerned with the physical layout of the wires. Wiring diagrams show how the wires are connected and where they should located in the actual device, as well as the physical connections between all the components. How is a Wiring Diagram Different from a Pictorial Diagram? Unlike a pictorial diagram, a wiring diagram uses abstract or simplified shapes and lines to show components. Pictorial diagrams are often photos with labels or highly-detailed drawings of the physical components. ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Basic Electrical Wiring Diagrams Standard Wiring Diagram Symbols Most symbols used on a wiring diagram look like abstract versions of the real objects they represent. For example, a switch will be a break in the line with a line at an angle to the wire, much like a light switch you can flip on and off. A resistor will be represented with a series of squiggles symbolizing the restriction of current flow. An antenna is a straight line with three small lines branching off at its end, much like a real antenna. ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Basic Electrical Wiring Diagrams Most Common Types of Wiring Connections – Lamps as Reference Load (controlled by single switch) Single Lamp controlled in 1 location Two Lamps in series controlled in 1 Two Lamps in parallel controlled in 1 location location ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Basic Electrical Wiring Diagrams Most Common Types of Wiring Connections – Lamps as Reference Load (controlled by 3 way switch) Single Lamp controlled in 2 locations Two Lamps in parallel controlled in 2 location ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Basic Electrical Wiring Diagrams Most Common Types of Wiring Connections – Lamps as Reference Load (controlled by 3 way and 4 way switch) Single Lamp controlled in 3 locations Two Lamps in parallel controlled in 3 locations ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Residential Electrical System Design Service Entrance Electric Meter Plans and Specification Design Analysis Branch Circuit Load Calculation Feeder and Service Load Calculation ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Residential Electrical System Design Service Entrance It is described as the supply conductors which extends from the street main duct or transformer to the service or switchboard of the building supply. Most buildings service entrance are connected to the secondary line low voltage below 600 V. Size of wires varies depending on demand load It can be 2, 3 or 4 wires including grounded neutral wire. ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Residential Electrical System Design Electric Meter It is a device that measures the amount of electrical energy supplied to or produced by a residence, business or machine. It is usually measured in kilowatt hours ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Residential Electrical System Design 1.3.2.1 Plan Requirements (p.16) (a) Location and Site Plan (b) Legend or Symbol (c) General Notes and/or Specification (d) Electrical Layout 1. Plan for Power 2. Plan for Lighting and Receptacle Outlets (e) Schedule of Loads (f) Design Analysis (g) One Line Diagram (1) Lighting and Receptacle Outlet Load (2) Motor Loads (3) Feeders (4) Load Center (h) Title Block ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Residential Electrical System Design Plans and Specification (a) General Notes and/or Specification. General Notes and Specifications, written on the plans or submitted on separate standard size sheets shall show: (1) Nature of Electrical Service, including number of phases, number of wires, voltage and frequency; (2) Type of Wiring; a. Service entrance b. Feeders, sub-feeder and branch circuit for lighting and/or power load (3)System or method of grounding (3) System or method of grounding ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Residential Electrical System Design General Notes (a) All electrical works indicated herein shall be done in accordance with the latest edition of Philippine Electrical Code Part 1, the requirements of the local building official and the electric utility serving the area. (b) The electrical supply/service voltage is 230V, single phase, two wires, grounded, 60 Hz. (c)Contractor shall verify and orient the actual locations of concrete terminal. (d)All installation shall be concealed from view, wiring shall be incased in PVC pipe or flexible conduit except power service which shall be in RSC. (e)The minimum size of wire shall be 2-3.5mm2 and 15mmø conduit. (f)All materials shall be new and approved type. Appropriate for both location and intended use. (g)Electrical installation shall be under a direct supervision of duly licensed electrical engineer or registered master electrician. (h)No revision in the design shall be done without the prior knowledge and approval of (i)the designer and the owner. (j)Ground resistance shall not exceed 25 ohms. (k)Mounting heights for switches and convenience outlet shall be in 1.37m and 0.30m respectively, unless otherwise indicated in architectural plans. ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Residential Electrical System Design Plans and Specification (a) Legend (b) Electrical Symbols (c) Schedule of Loads (d) Tabulated information of electrical loads, size of wire and conduit per circuit up to service. (e) Lighting System Layout - shows the lighting fixture and switches location and its wiring system. (f) Power Layout - shows the location of convenience outlets, special outlets (ACU, range, water pump, water heater, etc.), panel board, meter, service head, and their wiring system ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Residential Electrical System Design Design Analysis Design Analysis shall be included on the drawings or shall be submitted on separate sheets of standard size, and shall show: (1) Branch Circuit, sub-feeders, feeders, busways, and service entrance (2) Types ratings, and trip settings of overload protective device (3) Calculation of voltage drops (4) Calculation of short circuit current for determining the interrupting capacity of overcurrent protection device for residential, commercial, and industrial establishment (5) Protection coordination of overcurrent protective devices; (6) Arc-Flash Hazard Analysis to determine the required personal protective equipment (PPE) in other than dwelling place FPN No.1: This analysis is not required for dwelling units but required for service equipment and other electrical equipment not part of the individual dwelling units of residential condominiums and individual detached units ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Residential Electrical System Design Branch Circuit Load Calculation Lighting Branch Circuit Small Appliance Branch Circuit Laundry Branch Circuit Individual Branch Circuit (ACU, WH, WP, etc) ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Residential Electrical System Design Article 2.10.2 (p.42) – Branch Circuit Ratings 2.10.2.1 Rating. Branch Circuits recognized by this article shall be rated in accordance with the maximum permitted ampere rating or setting of the overcurrent device. The rating for other than individual branch circuits shall be 15, 20, 30, 40, and 50 amperes. Where conductors of higher ampacity are used for any reason the ampere rating or setting of the specified over- current protective device shall determine the circuit rating. ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Residential Electrical System Design Sizing of Conductors and Protective Devices 2.10.2. Branch Circuit Ratings (p.42) 2.10.2.2 (a)(1) Conductors – Minimum Ampacity and Size. General. Branch Circuit conductors shall have an ampacity not less than the maximum load to be served. Where a branch circuit supplies continuous loads or any combination of continuous and non continuous loads, the minimum branch circuit conductor size, before the application of any adjustment or correction factors, shall have an ampacity not less than the non continuous load plus 125 percent of the continuous load. Note: same statement as in the Article 2.15 Section 1.2 p.91 For Feeders Minimum Rating and Size Continuous Load (Art 1.1 p.9) – A load where the maximum current is expected to continue for 3 hours or more ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Residential Electrical System Design Sizing of Conductors and Protective Devices 2.10.2.2 Overcurrent Protection. Branch-circuit conductors and equipment shall be protected by overcurrent protective device that have a rating or setting not greater than the ampacity of the branch circuit conductors 2.10.2.2 (a) Continuous and Noncontinuous Loads. Where a branch circuit supplies continuous loads or any combination of continuous and non continuous loads, the rating of the overcurrent device shall not be less than the non continuous load plus 125 percent of the continuous load. Note: same statement as in the Article 2.15 Section 1.3 p.93 For Feeders Overcurrent Protection For PEC 2017 reference go to p.44 ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Residential Electrical System Design 2.20.2 Branch Circuit Load Calculations Lighting Branch Circuit 2.10.2.6 (a)(p.45) A 15 or 20 – ampere branch circuits shall be permitted to supply lighting units or other utilization equipment, or a combination of both. 2.20.2.3 General Lighting Loads by Occupancy (p.54). For dwelling units (Based on PEC 2017 Table 2.20.2.3 [p.54]) Total Lighting Load = Floor area (in sq.m) x 24 VA/sq.m or sometimes you can use the actual wattage rating of the lighting equipment The floor area for each floor shall be calculated from the outside dimensions of the building dwelling unit, or other area involved. For dwelling units, the calculated floor area shall not include open porches, garages or unused or unfinished spaces not adaptable for future use ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Residential Electrical System Design Other Lighting Load Constants Unit Load Type of Occupancy Volt-Ampere per Square Meter Armories, Auditoriums, Churches, and Assembly Halls 8 Banks, Office Buildings 28 Barber Shops, Beauty Parlors, 24 Dwelling Units, Schools, Stores Clubs, Court rooms, Hotels, Motel Industrial 16 Building, Hospitals, Restaurants Garage – Commercial, Halls, corridors, closet, 4 Stairways Ware house (storage) 2 ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Residential Electrical System Design 2.20.3.13 (A) Small-Appliance Branch Circuit (p.57) Also known as Convenience Outlet Branch Circuit. In each dwelling unit, the load shall be calculated at 1500 volt-amperes for each 2-wire small-appliance branch circuit as covered. 2.20.2.5 (i) Receptacle Outlets (p.101) receptacle outlets shall be calculated at not less than 180 volt-amperes for each single or for each multiple receptacle in one yoke. For four or more receptacle shall be calculated not less than 90 volt- ampere per receptacle. Branch Circuit Rating: 1500 VA ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Residential Electrical System Design 2.20.3.13 (B) Laundry Circuit Load (p.57) In addition to the number of branch circuits required by other parts of this section, at least one or 20- ampere branch circuit shall be provided to supply the laundry receptacle outlet(s). This circuit shall have no other outlets. (PEC 2009) A load of not less than 1500 volt-amperes shall be included for each 2-wire laundry branch circuit (PEC 2017) Branch Circuit Rating: 1500 VA ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Residential Electrical System Design 4.30.2 Motor Circuit Conductors (p.347) 4.30.2.2 (a) Single Motor. Conductors that supply a single motor used in a continuous duty application shall have an ampacity of not less than 125 percent of the motors full load current rating. ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Residential Electrical System Design 4.30.4 Motor Branch-Circuit Short-Circuit and Ground Fault Protection (p.354) 4.30.4.2 Rating or Setting for Individual Motor Circuit. The motor branch-circuit short-circuit and ground fault protective device shall be capable of carrying the starting current of the motor. In Accordance with Table 4.30.4.2 A protective device that has a rating or setting not exceeding the value calculated according to the values given. Table 4.30.4.2 Maximum Rating or Setting of Motor Branch- Circuit Short Circuit and Ground Fault Protective Device Percentage of Full Load Current Nontime Delay Dual Element Instanta neous Inverse time Fuse (Time- Delay) Trip Breaker Breaker Fuse Type of Motor Single- phase 300 175 800 250 motors ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Residential Electrical System Design 2.20.3 Feeder and Service Load Calculations (p.56) 2.30.3.1 General. The calculated load of a feeder or service shall not be less than that the sum of the loads on the branch circuit supplied, after any applicable demand factors have been applied ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Residential Electrical System Design 2.20.3 Feeder and Service Load Calculations (p.56) 2.20.3.3 General Lighting (p.56) The demand factors specified in the Table 2.20.3.3 shall apply to that portion of the total branch circuit load calculated for general illumination. They shall not be applied in determining the number of branch circuit for general illumination Table 2.20.3.3 Lighting Load Demand Factors (p.104) Type of Portion of Lighting load Which Demand Demand Factor Occupancy Factor Applies (Volt-Amperes) (Percent) First 3000 or less AT 100 Dwelling Units From 3001 to 120,000 AT 35 Remainder over 120,000 AT 25 ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Residential Electrical System Design 2.20.3 Feeder and Service Load Calculations 2.20.3.13 Small-Appliance and Laundry Loads – Dwelling Unit (p.57) Small Appliance Circuit Load. In each dwelling unit, the load shall be calculated at 1500 volt-amperes for each 2- wire small appliance branch circuit required by 2.10.1.11 (c)(1) Laundry Circuit Load. A load not less than 1500 volt- amperes shall be included for each 2-wire laundry branch circuit installed as required by 2.10.1.11 (c)(2) These loads shall be permitted to be included with the general lighting load and subjected to the demand factors provided in Table 2.20.3.3 ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Residential Electrical System Design 2.20.3 Feeder and Service Load Calculations 2.30.3.11 Motors (p.56) Motor loads shall be calculated in accordance with 4.30.24 4.30.2.4 Several Motor or a Motor(s) and Other Load(s)(p.349). Conductors supplying several motors, or a motor(s) and other load(s). Shall have an ampacity not less than 125 percent of the full- load current rating of the highest motor plus the sum of the full load current ratings of all the other motors in the group, plus the ampacity required for other loads. Feeder Conductor Size = [125% FLA of Highest Motor load]+ [Sum of other connected non continuous load + other motors] + [125% of the other continuous load] ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Residential Electrical System Design 2.20.3 Feeder and Service Load Calculations 4.30.5.3 Rating or Setting – Power and Lighting Loads (p.358) [PEC 2009 provision but page is 2017] Where a feeder supplies a motor load and in addition, a lighting or a lighting and appliance load, the feeder protective device shall have a rating sufficient to carry the lighting or lighting and appliance load plus the largest rating or setting of the branch-circuit short-circuit and ground fault protective device for any motor supplied by the feeder. Overcurrent Protective Device Rating = [OCP rating of Highest Motor load] + [Sum of the other connected loads] ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Residential Electrical System Design Branch Circuit, Individual (Art 1.1) (p.4) A Branch Circuit that supplies only one utilization equipment (ACU, Range, Water Heater, Water Pump, etc.) Most Common Rating Range: 8000 W Water Heater: 5000 W For Motors (see table 4.30.14.2 (p.370)) 1 1 Hp at 230 V = 8 A 2 1 ½ Hp at 230 V = 10 A 2 3 2 Hp at 230 V = 12 A Range @ 8000 W computed @ 80% DF (see table 2.20.3.16(p.58)) ACU or motor load computed @ 100% DF ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Residential Electrical System Design STANDARD RATING OF CIRCUIT BREAKERS AT (AMPERE TRIP) AF (AMPERE FRAME) 15 50 20 50 30 50 40 50 50 50 60 100 70 100 80 100 90 100 100 100 110 225 125 225 150 225 175 225 ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Residential Electrical System Design Allowable Ampacities of Insulated Conductors Rated 0 Through 2000 Volts, 75°C Not More Than Three Current-Carrying Conductors in Raceway, Cable, or Earth Size (mm2) TYPE (THWN) Ampacity (A) 2.0 20 3.5 25 5.5 35 8.0 50 14 65 22 85 30 110 38 125 50 145 60 160 80 195 ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Residential Electrical System Design Some Conductor’s data Maximum Application Trade Name Type Letter Operating Temperature Provisions Moisture – resistant TW 60°C Dry and Wet Thermoplastic Location Moisture – and heat THW or THWN 75°C Dry and Wet resistant thermoplastic Location Heat Resistant THHN 90°C Dry and Damp thermoplastic Location ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Residential Electrical System Design Number of Conductors (THWN,THHN) in Rigid PVC Conduit Conductor Trade Size (mm) Size (mm2) 15 20 25 32 40 50 65 2.0 9 17 28 51 70 118 170 3.5 6 12 20 37 51 86 124 5.5 4 7 13 23 32 54 78 8.0 2 4 7 13 18 31 45 14 1 3 5 9 13 22 32 22 1 1 3 6 8 14 20 30 1 1 2 4 6 10 14 38 0 1 1 3 4 7 10 50 0 1 1 2 3 6 9 60 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 80 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Residential Electrical System Design 2.50.6.13 Size of Equipment Grounding (Bonding) Conductor (p.124) Based on Rating of Overcurrent Protective Device. Each parallel equipment grounding conductor shall be sized on the basis of the ampere rating of the overcurrent protecting the circuit conductors in the raceway or cable in accordance with Table 2.50.6.13 ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Residential Electrical System Design Table 2.50.6.13 Minimum Size Equipment Grounding Conductors for Grounding Raceway and Equipment (p.124) Minimum Size Equipment Grounding Conductors Rating or Setting of Overcurrent Conductor Size (mm2) Device in Circuit 15 2.0 20 3.5 30 5.5 40 5.5 60 5.5 100 8.0 200 14 ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Residential Electrical System Design Table 2.50.3.17 Grounding Electrode Conductor for Alternating-Current Systems (p.113) Size of Largest Ungrounded Service Size of Grounding Electrode Entrance Conductor or Equivalent Area Conductor mm2 of Parallel Conductors mm2 (Copper) (Copper) 30 or smaller 8.0 38 or 50 14 60 or 80 22 Over 80 through 175 30 Over 175 through 325 50 325 through 500 60 Over 500 80 ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Residential Electrical System Design Sizing of Service Entrance Conductors Size of Service Entrance Conductors = sum of the computed load + 25% of the largest motor FLA +25% of continuous load Size of Service Equipment = largest motor protective device + sum of ampere rating of remaining branch circuit ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Residential Electrical System Design Sample Computation Ex. Single Family Dwelling Unit The dwelling has a floor area of 145 m2. It has the typical household appliances including one 8-kW electric range, two 1-Hp room air- conditioning unit, 1.5-Hp room air conditioning unit, and one 1-Hp water pump. Total Load a) General Lighting 145 m2 x 24 VA/ m2 = 3480 VA The computed load is 3480 VA/230 V =15 A One branch circuit of 20-ampere would be theoretically adequate, however for the flexibility and to allow future needs provide two 20 ampere branch circuits for lighting and convenience outlet. ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Residential Electrical System Design Small Appliance Load One 20-ampere @ 1500 VA = 1500 VA Provide one 20-ampere small appliance circuit Laundry Circuit One 20-ampere @ 1500 VA = 1500 VA Provide one 20-ampere laundry circuit Sub-Total Application of Demand Factors = 6480 VA First 3000 VA @ 100% DF = 3000 VA Remainder @ 35% DF = 1218 VA (3480 x 0.35) ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Residential Electrical System Design Other Loads: One 8-kW electric range @ 80% = 6400 VA Provide one 40-ampere electric range circuit Two 1-Hp room acu, 8A x 230V x 2 @ 100% DF = 3680 VA Provide two 30-ampere room acu circuits One 1.5-Hp room acu, 10A x 230V @ 100% DF = 2300 VA Provide one 30-ampere room acu circuit One 1-Hp water pump, 8A x 230V @ 100% DF = 1840 VA Provide one 30-ampere water pump circuit Total Net Computed Load = 18438 VA ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Residential Electrical System Design Circuit Requirement: Use two 20-ampere 2-wire branch circuits, two 20-ampere 3-wire branch circuits, four 30-ampere 3-wire branch circuits, and one 40-ampere 3-wire branch circuit. Service Entrance Conductors: Total Full Load Current: [18438 + 25%(2300)] / 230V = 83 Amperes Use 2-38mm2 + 1-8.0mm2 THWN wire ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Residential Electrical System Design Service Equipment: Maximum Current Rating of Protective Device Inverse Time Circuit Breaker: [3000 VA + 1218 VA + 6400 VA + 3600 VA + 250%(2300 VA) + 1840 VA] / 230 V = 95 Amperes Service Equipment Rating: Use one 125 AT/225AF, 2P 240V molded case circuit breaker. ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING Residential Electrical System Design Thank You Basic Electrical Engineering BSCE II http://www.free-powerpoint-templates-design.com http://www.free-powerpoint-templates-design.com INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL PLAN DESIGN AND ESTIMATE Week 7 TOPIC AGENDA AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES To Know the Basics of an To Identify Purpose and 01 Electrical Plan 02 Benefits of an Electrical Plan To Learn on Drafting an To Familiarize with the 03 Electrical Plan 04 Electrical Devices and Material Estimates INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL PLAN Basics of an Electrical Plan The electrical plan is sometimes called as electrical drawing or wiring diagram. It is a type of technical drawing that delivers visual representation and describes circuits and electrical systems. It consists of symbols and lines that showcase the engineer's electrical design to its clients. In short, an electrical plan describes the position of all the electrical apparatus. An electrical drawing may include all of these essential details described below: Interconnection of electrical wires and other parts of the system Connection of different components and fixtures to the system Power lines with details such as size, voltage, rating, and capacity Power transformers and also their winding connections The main switches, tiebreaker, and fused switches Other essential equipment such as solar panels, batteries, generators, air conditioning, and so on. INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL PLAN Basics of an Electrical Plan INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL PLAN Purposes and Benefits of Electrical Plan Purposes of Electrical Plan The purposes of an electrical plan are as follows: These drawings are vital for documenting, communicating information, and troubleshooting your power systems on-site. Accurate and updated drawings keep your building in compliance with all the code regulations. A plan encompasses all aspects. It focuses on areas such as lighting, electronics, appliances, etc. It also considers the structure of the building. For example, if a building has railings, stairs, or any other components, modifications will be made accordingly. It is a thorough planning tool because it gives an in-depth view of your building's electrical and wiring system. It helps to distribute power to various appliances and equipment through accurate operation and installation of elements. INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL PLAN Purposes and Benefits of Electrical Plan Benefits of Electrical Plan A plan highlights all the potential risks to make amendments quickly before the occurrence of any substantial damage. It helps to ensure that your system runs safely, efficiently, and smoothly. An electrical plan saves time by avoiding delays and problems. A draft pinpoints everything to prevent hazardous situations; thereby, it helps professionals to complete their work on time. It also saves money because nobody feels like spending more money than they already have. A draft includes all the details like wire's length, type of cables, and other parts you will need to complete your project. Thus, you do not have to spend a considerable amount of money on unnecessary things. An electrical plan prevents injury because it pinpoints all the building's anticipated areas that may harm a technician. INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL PLAN Drafting an Electrical Plan How to Draft an Electrical Plan? An excellent electric plan significantly adds aesthetic and comfort in a building. Your drawing must include types of fixtures, locations, cables, switches, and hardwired appliances. However, an electrical plan may look scary and complicated, but they are not. These are pointers you should remember while drafting an electric plan. Step 1: Know Your Layout Either use a software or a graph paper and make a scale drawing of the different rooms. Make sure to include features such as cabinets, counters, stove, bed, and other various symbols. Step 2: Plan it in Advance After finalizing your layout, focus on your electrical plan. The wirings go through the ceilings, walls, and floor before they are plastered, laid out, and fixed. INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL PLAN Drafting an Electrical Plan Step 3: Use Interior Layout as Your Starting Point Around your exits and entries, place your fan, AC switches, and light. Now, place your electrical outlets near the counters and tables. Then, decide where to put your big appliances like TV, computer, washing machine, printer, etc. When making an electrical plan, ask yourself some questions: Do I place switches at a convenient location? Is the electrical load on all the circuit alright? Do I place enough easy-to-reach receptacles? Step 4: Walk Through Your Plan Once you are finished with your layout, print it out, and walk through your home while holding it. Since there are no walls and electricity, the arrangement can be easily changed; therefore, imagine that you are turning on and plugging in appliances. This will enable you to put switches and outlets in the best places. INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL PLAN Tips for Making Electrical Plans 1. Think About Furniture Placement Planning about how you are going to set your furniture is essential because you will have an idea where you are going to place your light switches and electrical outlets. Most people make this mistake, and they end up placing them at awkward places. 2. Plan for Additional Outlets Renovating can drain a considerable amount of money. Let's say you want to purchase side table lamps, kitchen ceiling lights, etc. You may not buy this now, but maybe after a few months or a year later. Having these additional electrical outlets will save you from a lot of mess. Thereby, it is crucial to plan for other appliances now. 3. Utilize Different Types of Lights Make sure to utilize different lighting types to illuminate your house adequately, such as accent lighting, ambient lighting, and task lighting. INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL PLAN Sample Templates of Electrical Plans 1. House Wiring Plan INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL PLAN Sample Templates of Electrical Plans 2. Office Electrical Plan INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL PLAN Sample Templates of Electrical Plans 3. Basement Wiring Plan INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL PLAN Sample Templates of Electrical Plans 4. Patient Room Electrical Plan ELECTRICAL PLAN DESIGN ESTIMATES Electrical Estimate An approximate calculation or judgment of the value, number, quantity, or extent of Electrical Materials Direct Estimate (Estimation of Materials) Wires Panel Board Conduits / Elbows Service Cap Junction and Utility box Adaptors (PVC) Switches Lighting Fixtures Convenience Outlets Miscellaneous Devices / Accessories Circuit Breakers ELECTRICAL PLAN DESIGN ESTIMATES Electrical Estimate Table Format Approved Budget for the Contract Project Title: Project Location: Item No. Item Qty Unit Direct Cost Estimated Direct Description Cost Material Cost Labor Cost Unit Total Unit Total Cost Cost Cost Cost ELECTRICAL PLAN DESIGN ESTIMATES Computation for Estimate Labor Cost – 20 to 30% of Total Material Cost Qty of Conduits – total computed length / 3 ELECTRICAL PLAN DESIGN ESTIMATES Computation for Estimate Total length of Wires – total length of wire x 2 (ungrounded) total length of wire x 3 (grounded) “color of ground wire is green/white” Qty of utility boxes - total number of switches and convenience outlet visible to the plan ELECTRICAL PLAN DESIGN ESTIMATES Computation for Estimate Qty of junction boxes – total number of lighting outlet and junction box visible to the plan Qty of Circuit Breaker – total number of circuits in the electrical plan plus the spares ELECTRICAL PLAN DESIGN ESTIMATES Computation for Estimate Qty. of Locknut and bushing – 1 per utility box(in switch) 2 or 1(in convenience), no. of circuits in panelboard plus runway to service entrance, service cap and grounding conductor Qty of Adapter – equal to the number of locknut and bushing ELECTRICAL PLAN DESIGN ESTIMATES Computation for Estimate No. of Conduit Elbow – depends on the number 90° bends visible to the plan Or sometimes the contractor doesn’t use conduit instead they use blue torch to the conduit to make a 90° bend ELECTRICAL PLAN DESIGN ESTIMATES Computation for Estimate Qty of switches – total number of lighting switches visible to the plan Qty of convenience outlet – total number of convenience outlet visible to the plan including acu’s, range, water heater, etc. ELECTRICAL PLAN DESIGN ESTIMATES Computation for Estimate Coupling – used to connect conduit to conduit when there’s a shortage in conduit length Lighting Fixtures ELECTRICAL PLAN DESIGN ESTIMATES Computation for Estimate Service Cap – one service cap for single dwelling Size of Panel Board – depends on the number of branch circuits plus main breaker ELECTRICAL PLAN DESIGN ESTIMATES Computation for Estimate Miscellaneous: Service Cap – one service cap for single dwelling G.I. wires – use to tie up the rough-in of switches, convenience outlet, etc. ELECTRICAL PLAN DESIGN ESTIMATES Parts of Estimates Electrical Works 1. Roughing-Ins (conduit, adapter, locknut and bushing) 2. Wires and Cables 3. Wiring Devices (outlets, switches, utility, and junction box) 4. Lighting Fixtures 5. Panelboards 6. Miscellaneous ELECTRICAL PLAN DESIGN ESTIMATES Parts of Estimates Quantity Units 1. Meters – used for the length wires 2. Rolls – 1 box of wire most of 1roll = 150meters 3. Pieces – used for the quantities conduits, adapter, elbows, locknut, bushing, electrical tape, rubber tape, 4. Kg – used for G.I. wires 5. Lot – package quantity example 1lot = 1000piece 6. Assy – assembly usually used in panelboards ELECTRICAL PLAN DESIGN ESTIMATES Sample Electrical Plan for Estimates Lighting Layout ELECTRICAL PLAN DESIGN ESTIMATES Sample Electrical Plan for Estimates Power Layout INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL PLAN DESIGN AND ESTIMATE References; https://www.edrawmax.com/article/electrical-plan.html https://samples.jbpub.com/9780763758288/58288_CH01_secure.pdf https://electricalengineerresources.com/2019/09/25/what-should-be-the-contents-of-my-electrical-plan-based- on-pec-2017/ Shop Practice with Electrical Code: Electrical Estimate (Residential), Engr. Jayson Bryan Mutuc Thank You

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