Basic Electrical Engineering Module 1-1 PDF

BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING MODULE 1: BASIC ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES: Demonstrate...

BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING MODULE 1: BASIC ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES: Demonstrate unit conversion in solving DC circuit problems. Define the basic concepts of electricity and its basic parameters. Calculate charge, voltage, current and power of an electrical circuit. Analyze the resistance of conductors involving length, cross-sectional area and the specific resistance. Differentiate conductors and insulators according to its resistivity. Understand the difference between resistance and conductance. Understand the concept of Ohm’s law. Apply the concept of Ohm’s law in circuit analysis. Understand the relationship of voltage, current, and resistance in electric conductor TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering HISTORY OF ELECTRICITY Benjamin Franklin (1706 -1790) – Known for his Electric Kite Experiment James Watt (1736-1819) – Scottish inventor who made improvements to the steam engine. Watt’s name was used to describe the electrical unit of Power TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering HISTORY OF ELECTRICITY Alessandro Volta (1745-1827) – Italian physicist who invented the electric battery. The unit of Voltage is named after him Andre-Marie Ampere (1775-1836) – French physicist who helped describe a way to measure flow of electricity. The unit for measuring electric current was named in honor of him. TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering HISTORY OF ELECTRICITY Georg Ohm (1787-1854) – German physicist who researched the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance that he proved that the amount of current that can flow through a substance depends on its resistance. This is known as Ohm’s Law. Michael Faraday (1791-1867) – British physicist who first discover that moving a magnet near a coil of copper wire produced an electric current TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering HISTORY OF ELECTRICITY Thomas Edison (1847-1931) – He is an American inventor who invented light bulb Nikola Tesla (1856-1943) – He is a Serbian-American inventor, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, and futurist who invented the first Electric Motor TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering FUNDAMENTAL SYSTEM OF UNITS TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering SIX BASIC SI UNITS TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering SI UNIT CONVERSIONS TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering BASIC CONCEPTS OF ELECTRIC CIRCUITS TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering CHARGE (q) Electrical property of the atomic particles of matter, measured in Coulombs (C) There are 6.24 x 1018 electrons in 1 coulomb of charge The law of conservation of charge states that charge can neither be created nor destroyed, it can only be transferred. TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering CURRENT (I) It is the rate of flow of charges, measured in Amperes (A) or Coulomb/Sec (C/s) There are 2 types of current: Direct Current – current remains constant with time Alternating Current – current that varies sinusoidally with time TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering VOLTAGE / ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE (V) The power needed to transport a unit charge through an element is known as an Electromotive Force (emf) or Voltage (V), and it is expressed in Volts (V) or Joules/Coulomb (J/C) TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering RESISTANCE (R) It is the ability to resist the flow of electric current; it is measured in Ohms (Ω) There are 2 types of Resistance: Cold Resistance: Standard value of Resistance at 20°C. Hot Resistance: New value of Resistance when current passes. There are 2 types of Resistor: Fixed Resistor Variable Resistor TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering RESISTANCE FORMULA TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering RESISTIVITY AND TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering CONDUCTANCE (G) It is the ability of an element to conduct electric current; it is measured in Mhos or Siemens (S) Reciprocal of Resistance G = 1 / R or G = R-1 TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering POWER (P) Rate at which work is done or energy is transformed into an electrical circuit. Measured in Watts (W) P = V x I or P = I2 x R TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering ENERGY (E) Capacity to do work. Measured in Joules (J) Power is in watts, time is in seconds E=Pxt ENERGY CONSUMPTION The total amount of energy required for a given process, measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh) TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering OHM’S LAW TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering OHMS LAW States that the voltage across a resistor is directly proportional to the current flowing through the resistor V=IxR Where: V = Voltage I = Current R = Resistance TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering OHMS LAW TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering CIRCUIT ELEMENTS TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering ELEMENTS Basic building blocks of a circuit TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering TYPES OF ELEMENTS Passive Element: not capable of generating energy 1. Resistors 2. Capacitors 3. Inductors Active Element: capable of generating energy 1. Generators 2. Batteries 3. Operational Amplifiers TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering CIRCUIT ANALYSIS Process of determining voltages across (or the currents through) the elements of the circuit TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering MODULE 1 PRACTICE PROBLEMS TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering  SAMPLE PROBLEMS Calculate the Length of an aluminum wire with resistance of 4.6 x 10-5 ohms and has a cross sectional area of 20cm2. Determine also its resistance at 70°C A 15m long copper wire has a cross-sectional diameter of 10mm. (a) What is the resistance of the wire? (b) What is the resistance at 60°C TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering  SAMPLE PROBLEMS If the current and voltage of an electric circuit are given as 2.5mA and 10V respectively. Calculate the electrical power and resistance. If a circuit has a voltage of 5V and a current of 15A, what is the conductance of the circuit and its power? TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering  SAMPLE PROBLEMS If the resistance of an electric iron is 50 Ω and a current of 3.2 A flows through the resistance. Find the voltage, power, and conductance. A circuit contains 12-volts battery connected to a light bulb having a conductance of 0.2 siemens. Find the current of the light bulb and the power dissipates by the bulb. TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES Engr. Jann Enrique L. Moreno, REE, MS-ManEng College of Engineering and Architecture (CEA) Department of Electrical Engineering