Banco de Reactivos_Examen_Complexivo_Junio_2024_PDF

UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE MANABÍ FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN CARRERA DE PEDAGOGÍA DE LOS IDIOMAS NACIONALES Y EXTRANJEROS COORDINACIÓN DE LA UNIDAD DE TITULACIÓN ESPECIAL-CPINE REACTIVOS PARA PRUE...

UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE MANABÍ FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN CARRERA DE PEDAGOGÍA DE LOS IDIOMAS NACIONALES Y EXTRANJEROS COORDINACIÓN DE LA UNIDAD DE TITULACIÓN ESPECIAL-CPINE REACTIVOS PARA PRUEBA DE BASE ESTRUCTURADA DEL EXAMEN DE G R A DO DE CARÁCTER COMPLEXIVO PART 1_ENGLISH 1. Choose the correct relative pronoun. - She worked for a man ________(1) used to be a polititian. - I dropped a glasss _______(2) was new. - The girl ________ (3) works in the bank is from India. - Portoviejo is the city _________(4) the earthquake happened in 2016. a. 1 who 2 that. 3 who. 4 where b. 1 whose 2 that 3 who 4 where c. 1 who 2 that 3 which 4 where d. 1 who 2 who 3 who 4 when The right answer is a. We use: who for people, that for things and where for places. 2. Choose the correct relative pronoun. - A hotel is a place ________ (1) people stay when they’re not at home. - Overalls are clothes _________ (2) people wear to protect their clothes when they are working. - Martin didn’t get the job ________ (3) he applied for. - A waiter is a person ________ (4) job is to serve customers in a restaurant. a. 1 where 2 that 3 that 4 who b. 1 that 2 that 3 that 4 whose c. 1 where 2 that 3 that 4 whose d. 1 where 2 that 3 that 4 who The right answer is d. We use: who for people, that for things and where for places. 3. Choose the correct sentence to express wishes. - I don’t have a car. a. I wish I had a car. b. I wishes I had a car. c. I wish I have a car. d. I wish I will have a car. The right answer is a. To express a wish we use the verb in past tense. 4. Choose the correct sentence to express wishes. - I can’t afford to go on holiday. a. I wish that I could afford to go on holiday. b. I wish I can afford to go on holiday. c. I wish I could to afford to go on holiday. d. I wish that I can to afford to go on holiday. The right answer is a. To express a wish we use the verb in past tense. 5. Choose the correct sentence in second conditional. - If I _________ (be) you, I _________(get) a new job. a. If I were you, I will get a new job. b. If I was you, I will get a new job. c. If I were you, I would to get a new job. d. If I were you, I would get a new job. The right answer is option d. In second conditional sentences we use the verb in past in the conditional clause and would, could or might in the result clause. 6. Choose the correct sentence in second conditional. - They ________ (have) more money if they ___________ (not / buy) so many clothes. a. They would have more money if they didn’t buy so many clothes. b. They would had more money if they didn’t buy so many clothes. c. They would have more money if they did not to buy so many clothes. d. They had more money if they wouldn’t buy so many clothes. The right answer is option a. In second conditional sentences we use the verb in past in the conditional clause and would, could or might in the result clause. 7. Read the sentences below. Complete the possible solutions with the prepositions about, for, and to. 1) I wouldn´t worry about it. People usually forget ____________ things like that. 2) I´d apologize immediately ___________ forgetting about the date. 3) I´d offer to pay _____________ dinner about time. 4) I’d wait for her to finish, and then I´d remind her __________ the time she didn´t meet me. a) 1 to 2 about 3 for 4 for b) 1 about 2 about 3 to 4 for c) 1 for 2 about 3 for 4 for d) 1 about 2 for 3 for 4 about The right answer is option d. With the verbs forget and remind, we use: about and with the verbs apologize and pay, we use: for.  8. Choose the correct answer 1) The students were all __________ (confused/ confusing) by the professor´s lecture today. 2) The crowd was__________________ (excited/exciting) when they saw the athletes enter the stadium. 3) He became ___________ (depressed/ depressing) after losing his job. 4) That is an ________________ (interesting/interested) story. a) 1.confused 2. excited 3. depressed 4.interesting b) 1.confusing 2. excited 3. depressed 4.interesting c) 1.confused 2. excited 3.depressed 4.interested d) 1.confused 2. exciting 3.depressed 4.interesting The right answer is option a. We use adjectives ending in ed to express how someone feels about something or someone else and adjectives ending in ing to describe something or someone. 9. Choose the correct option Ana.- How old is that kid? She 1(must be / can´t be) more than 6 years old. Byron.- Yeah, you´re right. She 2(must not be/ might be) about 4 or 5. Ana.- She´s really good. She 3(must play / must be playing) every day for hours and hours. Byron,- She makes it look so easy, too. I wonder what her parents think. They 4(could be/ must be) so proud. a) 1. can´t be 2. might be 3. must be playing 4. must be b) 1. can´t be 2. must not be 3. must be playing 4. must be c) 1. must not be 2. might be 3. must be playing 4. must be 1. can´t be 2. might be 3. must be playing 4. could be The right option is a. We use can´t be to refer to something that is not possible, be for something that is possible and must be for something we are very sure it is possible. 10. Choose the correct answer. I ________________1 (not drink ) alcohol if I _______________2 (be) you. If I _________ 3 (be) you, I ________________4( not tell ) anybody about it. a. 1.wouldn´t drink 2. were 3. were 4. wouldn´t tell b. 1.wouldn´t drink 2. was 3. were 4. wouldn´t tell c. 1.wouldn´t drink 2. were 3. were 4. wouldn´t told d. 1. do not drink 2. were 3. were 4. wouldn´t tell The right answer is option a. For second conditional sentences, we use the past tense of the verb in the conditional clause and would (not) plus the base form of the verb in the result clause.  11. Choose the correct answer. 1) Patricia hasn´t made healthy food (since /in) a long time. 2) You´ve been running (since / for) you were in elementary school. 3) My mom has been gardening (since / for) some hours. 4) I haven´t shopped online (since / in ) months. a) 1. since 2. since 3. for 4. in b) 1. since 2. for 3. for 4. in c) 1. in 2. for 3. for 4. in d) 1. in 2. since 3. for 4. in The right answer is option d. We use since to refer to the starting point in time, for to talk about the duration and in for negative sentences. 12. Choose the correct answer. WORD MEANING 1. Thriller a. an exciting action, usually in a film, that is dangerous or appears dangerous and usually needs to be done by someone skilled 2. Tearjerker b. connect something to a piece of equipment 3. Stunt c. sentimental movie or story that can make people cry 4. Hook up d. a suspenseful adventure story a. 1a 2b 3c 4d b. 1c 2b 3a 4d c. 1d 2c 3a 4b d. 1a 2d 3c 4b The right answer is option c. Thriller is a suspenseful adventure story, tearjerker is a story that make people cry, stunt is a dangerous action and hook up means to connect something to a piece of equipment. 13. Choose the correct answer to complete the following sentences in Present perfect or present perfect progressive. 1. She has ___________________ messages all morning. (written / been writing) 2. I’ve _______________ this watch since I was at school. (had / been having) 3. Your voice sounds strange. Have you ________________ (been drinking? / drunk?) 4. I´ve ________________ to call her all morning. (tried/ been trying) a. 1. been writing 2. had 3. been drinking 4. been trying b. 1. written 2. been having 3. been drinking 4. tried c. 1. written 2. had 3. been drinking 4. been trying d. 1. been writing 2. had 3. been drinking 4. tried The right answer is option a. We use present perfect to describe an action that started in the past and may continue in the present or not. We use present perfect progressive to describe an action that started in the past and still happens in the present. 14. Choose the correct. WORD DEFINITION 1) Fee a. to be able to pay for something 2) commute b. to travel some distance between one´s home and place of work on a regular basis. 3) Afford c. an amount of money paid for a particular piece 4) nosy d. always trying to find out private things about other people 5) noisy e. making a lot of noise a) 1e 2a 3b 4c 5d b) 1a 2b 3e 4c 5d c) 1c 2b 3a 4d 5e d) 1a 2d 3b 4c 5e The right answer is option C. Fee is the amount of money that you pay, commute is to travel from home to the work place, afford is to be able to pay for something, nosy means to try to find out about private things and noisy means to make noise. 15. Choose the correct “I just wish I weren’t so busy with my work. I have to work most weekends, so I never have enough time to do anything fun. If I had more free time, I’d go kayaking every weekend.” -Berta “We just got married, and we’re renting a tiny little apartment. It would be great if we could afford a bigger place to live. We don’t have enough room for all our stuff.” - Min Sup and Jin Eun Cho, Seoul 1) Does Berta have enough time to get fun? 2) Can Min Sup and Jin Eun afford a big apartment? a) 1. Yes, she does. She goes kayaking every weekend. 2. No, they don´t. They are renting a little apartment. b) 1. Yes, she doesn´t. She has to work on weekends. 2. No, they don´t. They are renting a little apartment. c) 1. Yes, she does. She goes kayaking every weekend. 2. Yes, they do. They´re renting a huge apartment. d) 1. No, she doesn´t. She has to work on weekends  2. No, they don´t. They are renting a little apartment. The right answer is option d. Berta does not have enough time to get fun because of her work. Min and Jin can´t afford a big apartment. 16. Match the corresponding phrasal verb with its definition. PHRASAL VERB MEANING 1. Put away a. To remove anything that is worn on the body especially clothes 2. Turn up b. To move something back from the place is usually kept 3. Take off c. Increase in volume 4. Hook up d. Connect something to a piece of equipment a) 1d 2b 3a 4c b) 1b 2c 3a 4d c) 1b 2a 3c 4d d) 1a 2d 3b 4c The right answer is b. To put away means to move something, to turn up means to increase in volume, to take off means to remove clothes and to hook up means to connect an equipment. 17. Read the following answer about an imaginary situation. Choose the corresponding question. ___________________________________________________________? If I heard a neighbor screaming, I would call the police. a. What would you do if you heard a neighbor screaming? b. What would you do if you hear a neighbor screaming? c. What do you do if you hears a neighbor screaming? d. What do you do if you heard a neighbor screaming? The right answer is a. In order to write a questions about an imaginary situation which is second conditional it is necessay to use would and the main verb in simple past. 18. Read he following answer about an imaginary situation. Choose the corresponding question. ___________________________________________________________? If a friend of mine stole something from me, I would break up our friendship. a. What would you do if a friend steals something from you? b. What would you do if a friend stole something from you? c. What would you do if a friend stolen something from you? d. What do you do if a friend steals something from you? The right answer is a. In order to write a questions about an imaginary situation which is second conditional it is necessay to use would and the main verb in simple past.  19. Choose the option that correctly completes the following sentences in past passive. * The Harry Potter films ____________________ (not directed) by Steven Spielberg. a. didn´t directed b. wasn´t directed c. isn´t directed d. weren´t directed The correct option is d. In past passive it is necessary to form of the verb to be and the past participle of the main verb. 20. Choose the option that correctly completes the following sentences. * The Harry Potter films ____________________ (not directed) by Steven Spielberg. a. was attacked b. is attacked c. weren´t attacked d. are attacked The correct option is c. In past passive it is necessary to form of the verb to be and the past participle of the main verb.  ENGLISH_V 21. Choose the best option to complete the idea: My friend Carmen likes to give presents and things to her family. She is_______________. a. Honest. b. Generous. c. Practical. d. Selfish. The correct option is B. According to the Cambridge online dictionary (2024) a person) showing a readiness to give more of something, as money or time, than is strictly necessary or expected. 22. Choose the best option to complete the idea: My father loves to spend time with people. a. Introvert. b. Arrogant. c. Shy. d. Outgoing. The correct option is D. This option matches best the definition of Outgoing by Cambridge online dictionary, which is “(of a person) friendly and energetic and finding it easy and enjoyable to be with others”. 23. Choose the best option to complete the idea: _______________ ever done anything dangerous, in your life? a. Have you b. Has you c. Did you d. Do you The correct option is A. This option matches best the structure of the Present Perfect in questions by Touchstone-Cambridge University Press (2006). The other options are either invalid or belong to the past tense, which is not the tense used in the main sentence. 24. Choose the best option to complete the idea: Where ______________ go with your family, last Carnival? a. have you b. has you c. did you d. do you The correct option is C. This option matches best the structure of the Simple Past Tense in questions by Touchstone-Cambridge University Press (2006). The other options are either invalid or belong to the Present Perfect, which is not the tense used in the main sentence. 25. Choose the best option to complete the idea: The _____________ country in South America is Brasil, with a land of around 8.5 million square kms. a. larger b. largest c. more large d. most large The correct option is B. This option represents the best option for the superlative adjective forms that matches the adjective used in the sentence, according to the rules stated by Touchstone-Cambridge University Press (2014). The other options are either invalid or do not follow the rules above. 26. Choose the best option to complete the idea: During pandemics, our government had many worries. One of the _______ worries was public health. a. Biger b. Bigger c. bigest d. biggest The correct option is D. This option represents the correct spelling for this form of the adjective in superlative form. Touchstone-Cambridge University Press (2014), says that when a monosyllable adjective ends in consonant-vowel-consonant, the final consonant must be doubled. Option B is not correct either because it is comparative form, and the context is for superlative. 27. Choose the best option to complete the idea: My dad __________ me work with him on his car, after school. a. makes b. asks c. tells d. gets The correct option is A. This option best fits the structure of sentences with causative verbs. The verb used in the “gap”, does not use “TO” to join the following verb. The options b-c-d DO use “TO” for joining other verbs (Touchstone-Cambridge University Press, 2014). 28. Choose the best option to complete the idea: My mother always __________ me to come home early, at night. a. lets b. asks c. makes d. has The correct option is B. This option best fits the structure of sentences with causative verbs. The verb used in the “gap”, uses “TO” to join the following verb. The options a-c-d DON’T use “TO” for joining other verbs (Touchstone-Cambridge University Press, 2014). 29. Select the best option to rewrite the following sentence, using would. Sentence: My friends and I ran in the park, on the weekends, when we were younger. a. My friends and I would ran in the park, on the weekends, when we were younger. b. My friends and I would running in the park, on the weekends, when we were younger. c. My friends and I would run in the park, on the weekends, when we were younger. d. My friends and I would to run in the park, on the weekends, when we were younger. The correct option is C. This option best fits the structure of sentences with would, used to describe events and/or habits in the past. The auxiliary verb used in the sentence is “would”, which joins the main verb in its base present tense form, without “to”, (Touchstone- Cambridge University Press, 2014). 30. Select the best option to rewrite the following sentence, using would. Sentence: When I was a child, my grandma cooked pancakes for the family. a. When I was a child, my grandma would cooked pancakes for the family. b. When I was a child, my grandma would cook pancakes for the family. c. When I was a child, my grandma would cooking pancakes for the family. d. When I was a child, my grandma would used to cook pancakes for the family. The correct option is B. This option best fits the structure of sentences with would, used to describe events and/or habits in the past. The auxiliary verb used in the sentence is “would”, which joins the main verb in its base present tense form, without “to”, (Touchstone- Cambridge University Press, 2014). 31. Select the best option. Please find a sentence, similar in meaning to the following: You’d better submit your homework, before the deadline. a. You can submit your homework, before the deadline. b. You´d like to submit your homework, before the deadline. c. You have to submit your homework, before the deadline. d. You should submit your homework, before the deadline. The correct option is D. This option best matches the meaning of you’d better, which is a suggestion, and the other ones are either a reminder of an obligation or strong possibility, (Cambridge Dictionary, 2024). 32. Select the best option to answer the following question: What movie have you seen several times? a. I saw X-men 1, last week. b. I’ve seen The Fantastic Four twice. c. I seen Harry Potter, on Saturday. d. I’ve see Wolverine once. The correct option is B. This option best matches the structure for sentences in present perfect tense, which suggests to use the auxiliary verb Have/has followed by the main verb in past participle (Touchstone-Cambridge University Press, 2014). 33. Select the best option to complete the following dialogue: Carlos: I rode a hot-air balloon with my wife, last month. _________________. Jorge: Yes, I rode one last week. a. Have you ever been in one? b. Did you ride one, before? c. Have you enjoyed it, last week? d. Did you enjoy ridding one? The correct option is A. This option best matches the structure for sentences and questions in present perfect tense, which suggests to use the auxiliary verb Have/has followed by the main verb in past participle (Touchstone-Cambridge University Press, 2014). 34. Select the best option to complete the following dialogue: Carlos: I love going to the movies, with my best friend. Abigail: _________________. Let’s go next weekend. a. Did you? b. Do you? c. Have you? d. Have you done it? The correct option is B. This option best matches the structure for sentences and questions in simple present tense, which describes a habit, (British Council, 2024). 35. Select the best option to complete the following dialogue: Evelina: Hello Laura. ___________________, tonight? Laura: I have no plans. a. What are you doing b. Do you do c. What do you do d. What you are doing The correct option is B. This option best matches the structure for questions in future tense describing a plan, (British Council-learning kids, 2024). 36. Select the best option to complete the following dialogue: Miguel: Hello Rolando. Let’s go running, this evening, after work. Rolando: Sorry, I just remembered. ________________, with my doctor. a. I’m going to have an appointment b. I’m having an appointment c. I’ll have an appointment d. I have an appointment The correct option is B. This option best matches the structure for plans that go with a schedule or routine, although they might be in the future, (University of Victoria-Canada, 2024). 37. Select the best option to complete the following sentence: I have a friend from high-school, ___________ still calls me. a. who b. which c. whom d. what The correct option is A. This option has the best relative pronoun that matches the sentence. It joins best both clauses, (Merriam-Webster, 2024). 38. Select the best option to complete the following sentence: Next week I am going to buy some vitamins ____________my sister recommended me. a. who b. which c. whom d. what The correct option is B. This option has the best relative pronoun that matches the sentence. It joins best the second clause that refers to a thing, and among the options provided, the best relative pronoun for that is which, (Merriam-Webster, 2024). 39. Select the best option to complete the following dialogue: Renato: Do you want to go to the movies? The movie starts at 7:30. Samuel: Perfect. I _____________ a taxi and I__________ you there. a. will take / will meet b. am taking a taxi / meeting c. am going to / will meet d. will take / meeting The correct option is A. This option has the best future structures for this context, which is unplanned future. This context also reflects actions that do not require planning or much organization. (Touchstone-Cambridge University Press, 2014). 40. Select the best option to complete the following dialogue: Gaby: I’m having dinner with Renato. Do you want to join us? Rosalyn: Sure. What restaurant _________ you ____________ at? a. will / eating b. are / eating c. do / eat d. are / going eat The correct option is B. This option has the best future structure for this context, which is planned future. This context also reflects actions that do require planning or much organization therefore the best tense present continuous for future arrangements, (EF, English First, 2024).  ENGLISH_VI 41. Complete the conversation with the correct form of the verb given. (watch) Ben: What kinds of movies _________ lately? Kumi: Well, mostly I ______ horror movies. I usually_____ three or four horror movies a month. Actually, I ______ a great horror movie last night. a. have you been watching/’ve been watching/watch/watched b. did you watch/’ve been watching/watch/watched c. have you been watching/’m watching/watched/watched d. have you been watching/’ve been watching/watched/watch The correct option is a, because according to McCarthy, McKarten and Sandiford (2014), simple verbs are for completed actions or permanent situations. and Continuous verbs are for ongoing actions or temporary situations. 42. Complete the conversation with the correct form of the verb given. (eat) Christa: You look great. What's your secret? Dalila: Thanks. I ____________ a lot of vegetables and whole grains lately. And I always _______ six small meals a day. I just ______ a salad for lunch. a. ‘ve been eating/eat/ate b. eat/eat/’m eating c. ‘ve been eating/ate/ate d. ‘ve been eating/eat/’ve eating The correct option is a, because according to McCarthy, McKarten and Sandiford (2014), simple verbs are for completed actions or permanent situations. and Continuous verbs are for ongoing actions or temporary situations. 43. Choose the right answer for the following question: How long have you been studying English? a. I’ve been studying English for five years. b. I studied English for five years c. I study English for five years. d. I’ll study English for five years. The correct option is a, because according to McCarthy, McKarten and Sandiford (2014), simple verbs are for completed actions or permanent situations. and Continuous verbs are for ongoing actions or temporary situations. 44. Choose the right option to complete the sentence with the right form of be supposed to and the verb in parenthesis. Hurry up, it _____ (rain) soon a. is supposed to rain b. is suppose raining c. is suppose to rain d. be supposed to rain The correct option is a, because according to McCarthy, McKarten and Sandiford (2014), Be supposed to can mean "They say … " 45. Choose the right option to complete the sentence with the right form of be supposed to and the verb in parenthesis. I can’t go to the party. I _____ (work) in my paper. a. ‘m supposed to work b. be supposed to work c. am suppose to work d. supposed to work The correct option is a, because according to McCarthy, McKarten and Sandiford (2014), Be supposed to can mean "have to" or “should” 46. Complete the sentence with right form of the passive of modal verbs. Violent movies ______ (should/ban) in order people don´t get exposed to such violence. a. should be banned b. should be banning c. should be ban d. should ban The correct option is a, because according to McCarthy, McKarten and Sandiford (2014), the passive of modal verbs for the present is formed by any modal verb be + be + past participle verb. 47. Complete the sentences with right form of the passive of modal verbs. Group work activities ____ (could/encourage) at school in order to foster cooperative work. a. could be encouraged b. could encouraged c. could encouraged d. could be encouraging The correct option is a, because according to McCarthy, McKarten and Sandiford (2014), the passive of modal verbs for the present is formed by any modal verb be + be + past participle verb. 48. Complete the sentence with the right form of past perfect tense. Mary ____ (go) to Australia to celebrate her birthday with some friends, when she tasted a new dish and ended up in her hotel room with a terrible stomachache.  a. had gone b. has gone c. had go d. had went The correct option is a, because according to McCarthy, McKarten and Sandiford (2014), past perfect is used to talk about things that happened before an event in the past or to give explanations or reasons why things happened. It is formed with the modal had + past participle verb. 49. Complete the sentence with the right form of past perfect tense. Last week I was talking about a friend who I ______ (not speak) to in a long time, when the phone rang, and it was him. a. hadn’t spoken b. hadn’t speak c. haven’t speak d. hadn’t speaking The correct option is a, because according to McCarthy, McKarten and Sandiford (2014), past perfect is used to talk about things that happened before an event in the past or to give explanations or reasons why things happened. It is formed with the modal had + past participle verb. 50. Complete the statement with the right form of the verb in parenthesis. In some countries, ___________ (eat) in public is considered bad manners. a. eating b. to eat c. to eating d. eat The correct option is a, because according to McCarthy, McKarten and Sandiford (2014), verbs can be used as subject by adding ing. 51. Complete the statement with the right form of the verb in parenthesis. ___________affection in public is inappropriate in many countries. a. Showing b. To show c. To showing d. Show The correct option is a, because according to McCarthy, McKarten and Sandiford (2014), verbs can be used as subject by adding ing. 52. Read the sentences and choose the right one using comparative with as…as a. I don’t wear bright colors as often as dark colors. I’m most comfortable in black. b. I don’t wear bright colors often as dark colors. I’m most comfortable in black. c. I don’t wear bright colors often dark colors. I’m most comfortable in black. d. I don’t wear as bright colors as often as dark colors. I’m most comfortable in black.  The correct option is a, because according to McCarthy, McKarten and Sandiford (2014), you can make comparisons with (not) as…as with adjectives, nouns, and adverbs. 53. Read the sentences and choose the right one using comparative with as…as. a. I'm not used to wearing pants like these, but they're just as comfortable as my jeans. b. I'm not used to wearing pants like these, but they're just comfortable as my jeans. c. I'm not used to wearing pants like these, but they're just comfortable my jeans. d. I'm not used to wearing pants like these, but they're just as comfortable my jeans. The correct option is a, because according to McCarthy, McKarten and Sandiford (2014), you can make comparisons with (not) as…as with adjectives, nouns, and adverbs. 54. Complete the conversation with right negative questions. Andrea: Oh, look at that dress. ____________? Belen: Oh, I don't know. It's what's in style. _____________________? Andrea: Not really. Are you? a. Isn’t it awful / aren’t you interested in fashion b. It isn’t awful / aren’t you interested in fashion c. Isn’t awful / aren’t you interested in fashion d. Isn’t awful / are you interested in fashion The correct option is a, because according to McCarthy, McKarten and Sandiford (2014), when you want or expect someone to agree with you, negative questions can be used. 55. Complete the conversation with right negative questions. Jay: Andy just came back from her trip to Europe. ______________ Ambar: Yes, she really looks gorgeous. I think she had a very good time there. ______________ Jay: Sure a. Doesn’t she look great? / don’t you think? b. Doesn´t she look great / don’t you think c. Does she look great? / you think d. She looks great / do you think? The correct option is a, because according to McCarthy, McKarten and Sandiford (2014), when you want or expect someone to agree with you, negative questions can be used. 56. Choose the sentence which summarize the next statement. All: I really love reading. But books used to be really expensive, so I only download books, or buy to the library. Liz: ___________________ All: Sure, What about you. Are you into reading? Liz: Not really, I prefer movies. Right, you don’t buy books then.  a. Don’t you buy some books? b. You have a huge collection then. c. Gosh, you have really broad tastes. The correct option is a, because according to McCarthy, McKarten and Sandiford (2014), to show interest and involvement in a conversation you can summarize what other people said. 57. Choose the right option to respond to the next statement. Ben: I attended dancing classes before my wedding. Alex: _________ a. So did I b. neither did I c. so do I d. so am I The correct option is a, because according to McCarthy, McKarten and Sandiford (2014), to express agreement, it can be used so for affirmative statements and neither for negative statements. 58. Choose the right option to respond to the next statement. Ana: I don’t believe in good and bad luck. Paul: _______________ a. Neither do I. b. neither was I. c. so do I. d. neither have I. The correct option is a, because according to McCarthy, McKarten and Sandiford (2014), to express agreement, it can be used so for affirmative statements and neither for negative statements. 59. Read the conversation and complete it with the right phrase to organize ideas. Roy: Did you know that Sam got caught cheating on the test? Helen: Yeah, it's about time. He cheats on all his tests. I wonder what the teacher's going to do about it. Roy: I don't know. What do you think they should do? Helen: Hmm. Well, __________don't think he should get away with it. Roy: Well, no, I guess not. Helen: I mean, ______________. First of all, it's not fair to the other students, and _________________, it doesn't help the person who cheats. I mean, I don't think Sam's really learning. Roy: I know what you mean.  a. Basically / for a couple of reasons / second of all b. For a couple of reasons / second / basically c. Basically / another thing is / the thing is d. Basically / for a couple of reasons / another thing is The correct option is a, because according to McCarthy, McKarten and Sandiford (2014), there are some phrases to organize ideas in a conversations: Giving ideas: well, basically, the thing is, the point is. Adding ideas: another thing is. Introducing a list there are two problems, for a couple of reasons. 60. Complete the conversation with the right statement question. Hugo: So, there's another work party on Friday. You're going this time, right? Greg: I don't know. To be honest, I hate those things. I know it's supposed to be fun, but I'm just not very good at all that small talk. Hugo: ___________________________ Greg: Not really. a. So parties aren't your thing, huh? b. So parties aren't your thing. c. So aren’t parties your thing? d. Are parties your thing, huh? The correct option is a, because according to McCarthy, McKarten and Sandiford (2014), questions in the form of statements could be asked for checking understanding in a conversation and also adding words like right, huh or then.  PART 2_ ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES (ESP) 61. Read the following text and complete it with the correct option. ____________________focuses on the development of a high standard of everyday English communication skills. It covers the four main skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing. ____________________focuses on the needs of learners in their real-world contexts. It is pragmatic in their results. a. General English – English for Specific Purposes b. English for Specific Purposes - General English c. English for Occupational Purposes - English for Specific Purposes d. General English – English as a Mother Tongue The right answer is a. Rahman, M. (2015) indicates that general English focuses on the development of the four skills while English for Specific Purposes focuses on what students need to perform better in their real day. 62. Read the following text and complete it with the correct option. English for Specific Purposes emerged as a need after ______________________ due to the expansion in scientific, technical and economic activities. a. The Industrial Revolution b. The Second World War c. The French Revolution d. The First World War The right answer is b. Rahman, M. (2015) points that after the Second World War the world changed and it was necessary to adapt to the teaching of English to the new demands. 63. Read the following text and complete it with the correct option. ESP courses are designed with the ____________and tasks that people need to be effective in the ___________ they are in and they want to succeed. a. grammar – area b. texts – songs c. teacher – classroom d. vocabulary – restaurant The right answer is a. Fiorito (2022) states that it is necessary to focus on what students need because there is no time to develop other skills. 64. Complete the text with the correct option. Harding in 2007 remarked a renewed demand for English for Specific Purposes courses to edit texts. He explained this increase because of : * Better student levels of ____________at the end of high school. * The perception of English as ____________to finding a job. * More use of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) a. proficiency – key b. needs – key c. grades – L2 d. proficiency – L1  The right answer is a. Rahman, M. (2015) cites what Harding claims that there is a higher demand of English for Specific Purposes due to the increase of level of proficiency , the importance of the language to get a job and the use of Content and Language Integrated Learning. 65. Read the text and complete it with the correct option. Basturkmen (2010) groups ESP courses into three main branches each with their own subdivisions: 1) English for Academic Purposes (EAP), such as English for Academic Publication; 2) English for ____________ Purposes (EPP), including medicine, law, the military and so on. 3) English for ____________ Purposes (EOP), for example, English for technicians. a. professional – occupational b. occupational - professional c. All – institutional d. testing – occupational The right answer is a. Rahman, M. (2015) claims that Basturkmen points out that ESP courses are divided into three main branches: English for academic Purposes, English for Professional Purposes and English for Occupational Purposes. 66.Complete the text with the correct option. The objective of a ___________is to determine the features of language that students will require. For example in Business English could be the design of a ______________that includes words and expressions from the areas of merchandising and marketing. a. needs analysis – syllabus b. syllabus - needs analysis c. class – vocabulary d. needs analysis – class The right answer is a. Rahman, M. (2015) points out that the objective of Needs Analysis is to determine what students require to learn and based on that, create the syllabus. 67. Choose the option that correctly completes the following text Hutchinson and Waters (1987) pointed there are two types of needs analysis, Nalan (2016) added a third type of needs analysis. a) Target needs (what the learner needs to know in the target situation) b) ______________ ( what the learner needs to do in order to learn) c) Institution needs a. Teaching needs b. Learning needs c. Community needs d. Contextual needs The right answer is b. Rahman, M. (2015) points out that learning needs is what students need to do before to learn. 68. Choose the correct answer In order to carry out the Needs Analysis, the researcher can use the next instruments: Questionnaire Interview __________________ Informal consultations with the company and the learners Record keeping a. Pictures  b. Games c. Observation d. Critical opinions The correct answer is c. Rahman, M. (2015) indicates that observation is other instrument useful to get information. 69. Choose the correct answer When preparing an ESP class it is important to think about your learners and adapt or match method with teaching materials. ________________________________. a. The best method for teaching ESP is Task Based Learning b. The best method for teaching ESP is Communicative language Teaching c. The Audio Lingual Method is The best method for teaching ESP d. There is not a specific method to teach ESP. The correct answer is d. Rahman, M. (2015) indicates there is not a specific method to teach ESP. It is based on the student´s needs that the teacher will choose the most appropriate method. 70. Choose the best answer to complete the following statement: ____________________ usually does not require grades e.g. in class discussions, clicker questions, group work. _____________________ evaluate student learning through standardized tests, exams, final projects. a. Diagnostic assessment – Formative assessment b. Formative assessment – Summative assessment c. Summative assessment – Formative assessment d. Ipsative assessment - Summative The right option is B. Rahman, M. (2015) states taht formative assessment is based on student´s participation but summative assessment is based on the grade students get. 71. Choose the correct option Validity and reliability are two pivotal aspects of a well designed instrument. Read the next text and decide if it is reliable and valid. You want to measure student intelligence so you ask students to do as many push-ups as they can every day for a week. a. It is reliable but not valid. b. It is valid but not reliable. c. It is reliable and valid. d. It is not reliable or valid. The right answer is a. Fiorito (2022) claims that it is reliable, but not valid because you will get similar results but physical exercises is not useful to measure intelligence. 72. Choose the correct option: The materials that are designed for native speakers, the real texts designed not for language speakers of the language in question are: ____________________. Any newspaper article or radio advertisement are examples of this. a. Authentic material b. Pedagogical material c. Didactic material d. Non-Authentic material  The right answer is a. Fiorito (2022) claims that authentic materials are the ones that have been created for the common population without thinking in the proficiency level of the language. 73. Order the following specific objectives in a Research project Research question: To what extent can assessment for Learning (AfL) practices improve LSP learners´ task performance? Specific objectives a. Collect the data. b. Identify a teacher who understands basic principles of AfL and who is able and willing to use them in an LSP course. c. Analyze the data, collate the results and interpret the findings. d. Prepare data collection instruments that focus on one or more tenet of Assessment for Learning (AfL). For example, a classroom observation protocol that can be used to categorize and record instances of learners asking questions in a lesson. a. b, d, a, c b. d, b, a, c c. d, a, c, b d. a, b, c, d The correct answer is a. Rahman, M. (2015) states that first, it is necessary to identify the teacher. Later, to prepare data collection instruments, then, collect the data and finally, to analyze the data. 74. Read the text and complete it with the correct option. Basturkmen (2010) groups ESP courses into three main branches each with their own subdivisions: 1) English for Academic Purposes (EAP), such as English for Academic Publication; 2) English for ____________ Purposes (EPP), including medicine, law, the military and so on. 3) English for ____________ Purposes (EOP), for example, English for technicians. a. professional – occupational b. occupational - professional c. All – institutional d. testing – occupational The right answer is a.Hutchinson (1987) states that English for Specific Purposes is divided into three main branches: English for Academic Purposes, English for Professional Purposes and English for Ocupational Purposes 75. Complete the text with the correct option. The objective of a ___________is to determine the features of language that students will require. For example in Business English could be the design of a ______________that includes words and expressions from the areas of merchandising and marketing. e. needs analysis – syllabus f. syllabus - needs analysis g. class – vocabulary h. needs analysis – class The right answer is a. Rahman, M. (2015) claims that Needs Analysis is pivotal to state what students need to know and design the syllabus.  PART 3_ ACADEMIC WRITING ACADEMIC WRITING I 76. Read and choose the correct word related to the definition To change or correct a piece of writing. a. Organize b. Proofread c. Edit d. Gather The correct option is “C”. As stated by Zemach (2003), when editing a piece of writing, you might need to change some information, add, or delete part of it. 77. Read and use the correct choice to complete the sentence. Making a list,..., and... are three ways to do "Brainstorming". a. mapping / reviewing b. freewriting / mapping c. pre-writing / mapping d. mapping / rewriting The correct answer is option “B”. Along with Zemach (2003), there are several forms to brainstorm to start writing, and these are some of them. 78. Read and complete the definition with the correct word. A group of related sentences makes a… a. topic. b. essay c. sentence d. paragraph The correct answer is option “D”. Zemach’s definition for a paragraph is as is stated above. 79. Read and complete with the best option. Each paragraph has only one... If it is too narrow, you will not have enough ideas to write about. If it is too..., you will have too many ideas for only one paragraph. a. topic / broad b. paragraph / ideas c. paragraph / topic d. topic / paragraph The correct answer is option “A”. Zemach (2003) mentions that every good paragraph has a topic sentence that should be neutral (not too general, and not too specific). 80. Read and answer the question with the correct word. What is the connector that uses a 'comma' after it to introduce the effect or result, and that joins the ideas in two sentences? a. since b. so c. because d. therefore The correct answer is option “D”. Zemach (2003) refers to the requirement of using a “comma” after using this linking word to present the consequence of something that caused that. 81. Read and choose the best option for the idea. … writing first explains a challenge and then proposes one (or more) answer to it. a. Comparison-contrast b. Opinion c. Problem-solution d. Process The correct answer is option “C”. Zemach (2003) theorizes that every problem needs to offer a solution proposed after being described. 82. Read and complete the definition with the correct option. The topic sentence of... paragraphs names the issue you will discuss. a. descriptive b. contrast c. process d. problem The correct answer is option “D”. According to Zemach (2003), problem paragraphs include, within the topic sentence, the problem you will confer. 83. Read and fill in the blank with the correct connector. When... begin a sentence, we use a 'comma' after the first part of the sentence that introduces the cause. a. since or therefore b. so or because c. because or since d. so or and The correct answer is option “C”. Zemach (2003) sets that a “comma” is required after because or since when it is involved as the first clause of the sentence. 84. Read and select the correct option to complete the statement. To talk about advantages and disadvantages is a way that can also be used for... paragraphs. a. process b. comparison-contrast c. descriptive d. problem-solution The correct answer is option “B”. According to Zemach (2003), comparison-contrast essays may also discuss strengths that can be compared, and weaknesses that can be juxtaposed. 85. Read and choose the best word for the definition. A list of information you will include in your essay. a. Thesis b. Outline c. Body d. Full essay The correct answer is option “B”. Zemach (2003) defines an outline like a list of information that will be contained all the essay long. 86. Read and choose the correct alternative. The introduction includes the... that gives the main idea of the essay, and other elements. a. topic sentences b. body paragraph c. thesis statement d. supporting ideas The correct answer is option “C”. In the words of Zemach (2003), the introduction requires to contain the thesis statement, to give the reader the primary idea of the full essay, together with other essentials as the supporting ideas that complement the overview. 87. Read and pick the correct choice to finish the sentence. The five spaces at the first line of each paragraph are called... a. indenting b. margin c. spacing d. identing The correct answer is option “A”. As said by Zemach (2003), indentation helps in organization and distinguishing a paragraph from the next. Referencias bibliográficas Zemach, D. E., & Rumisek, L. A. (2003). College writing: From paragraph to essay. (No Title).  PART 4_DIDÁCTICA DIDÁCTICA DEL IDIOMA INGLÉS 88. Read and choose the true statement. a. Language learners do not need a number of things beyond simply listening to explanations. b. Students need to communicate with a reduced number of people. c. Language learning seems not to benefit very much from long explanations. d. None of the options above. The correct option is C. According to Scrivener (2005), if the explanation is done in the language being learned, then there is an immediate problem because learners could have limited understanding of this new language. The same could occur in their native language. 89. Read and choose the correct option for the concept of method. a. It is a way of teaching. b. It is a way of learning. c. It is a way of reflection. d. None of the options. The correct answer is option A. According to Scrivener (2005), a method is a way of teaching. Your choice of method is dependent on your approach. 90. Read and choose the correct option for the concept of grammar-translation method. a. Students spend a lot of time reading texts. b. Students spend a lot of time translating texts. c. Students spend a lot of time doing tests and writing essays. d. All the options. The correct answer is option D. According to Scrivener (2005), the teacher rarely uses the target language in the grammar translation method. There is little focus on listening and speaking skills. 91. Read and choose the correct option about the audio-lingual method. a. It is based on largely discredited theory; the techniques and activities continue to have a strong influence over many classrooms. b. It aims to form good habits through students listening to model dialogues with repetition and drilling. c. There is little or no teacher explanation. d. All the options. The correct answer is option D. According to Scrivener (2005), all these descriptions refer to the audio-lingual method. 92. Read and choose the correct option about communicative language teaching method. a. It is based on beliefs that learners will learn best if they participate in reading activities. b. It is based on beliefs that learners will learn best if they participate in meaningful communication. c. It is based on beliefs that learners will learn best if they participate in writing activities. d. None of the options. The correct answer is option B. According to Scrivener (2005), most teachers would subscribe to communicative language teaching method, even though it is widely misunderstood and misapplied. 93. Read and choose the correct option about task-based learning method. e. It is a variant of communicative language teaching method. f. It bases work cycles around the preparation for, doing of, and reflective analysis of tasks. g. Tasks reflect real-life needs and skills. h. All the options. The correct answer is option D. According to Scrivener (2005), task-based learning is a variant of CLT that prepares reflective analysis of tasks that show real-life needs and skills. 94. Read and choose the correct option about a basic route-map plan for running a simple EFL activity. a. Give instructions, make groupings, and run the activity. b. Familiarize yourself with the material and activity. c. Close the activity and do any appropriate follow-on work. d. All the options. The correct answer is option D. According to Scrivener (2005), these activities are part of a basic route-map plan for running a simple EFL activity. 95. Read and choose the correct option about seating arrangement. a. In some schools, teachers ask students to sit in specific seats for whole class work, such as listening to the teacher explaining something. b. In some schools, teachers prepare themselves to use teaching strategies. c. In some schools, teachers plan de class. d. None of the options. The correct answer is option A. According to Scrivener (2012), this description refers to seating arrangement. 96. Read and choose the correct option about different contexts for learning. a. Students can learn English in private or public schools. b. Students can learn English in an EFL environment. c. Students can learn English in virtual or real learning environments. d. All the options. The correct answer is option D. According to Harmer (2007), all these are contexts in which students can learn English. 97. Read and choose the correct option about a reason for learning English. a. Students need English for a specific purpose. b. Students can learn English in an EFL environment. c. Students can learn English in virtual or real learning environments. d. All the options. The correct answer is option A. According to Harmer (2007), this is a reason for learning English. 98. Read and choose the correct option about learners’ differences. a. EFL. b. Learning styles. c. Real learning environment. d. All the options. The correct answer is option B. According to Harmer (2007), students come to the class with different learning styles associated to the way they respond to various stimuli. 99. Read and choose the correct option about classroom management. a. The teacher does not consider the way he will speak (intonation, tone of voice, etc). b. The teacher looks at classroom events minute by minute. c. The teacher does not guide students in the teaching-learning process. d. All the options. The correct answer is option B. According to Harmer (2007), teachers should look at classroom events minute by minute to manage the class effectively.  DIDÁCTICA DE LA ENSEÑANZA DEL IDIOMA INGLÉS ENEDUCACION INICIAL 100. Read and choose the correct method that fits with the following features: These classrooms can be easily recognized by their engaging learning materials with students who demonstrate independent and enthusiastic attitudes. This method is based on some principles, such as routines, a simple child-size prepared environment, and freedom within limits. e. Montessori Method f. Play Way Method g. Reggio Emilia Method h. Waldorf Method The correct option is a. According to Isaacs (2018), Montessori classrooms can be easily recognized by their engaging learning materials with students who demonstrate independent and enthusiastic attitudes. Various aspects of development - cognitive, social, physical and emotional are taken care of as the students blossom through their early childhood education. This method is based on some principles, such as routines, a simple child-size prepared environment, and freedom within limits. Isaacs, B. (2018). Understanding the Montessori approach: Early years education in practice. Routledge. 101. Read and choose the correct method that fits with the following features: This method prioritizes combining academics with various other disciplines, such as art, physical grooming, music, storytelling and activities. The approach is often described as a method to spark imaginative abilities in kids. a. Montessori Method b. Play Way Method c. Reggio Emilia Method d. Waldorf Method The correct option is d. According to Howard (2006), The Waldorf Method prioritizes combining academics with various other disciplines, such as art, physical grooming, music, storytelling and activities. The approach is often described as a method to spark imaginative abilities in kids. Also, textual inferences and reading are introduced at a much later stage in the Waldorf style of learning. Howard, S. (2006). The essentials of Waldorf early childhood education. Gateways, 51, 6-12. 102. Read and choose the correct method that fits with the following features: This method employs a child-centered education program focusing on the diversity of curriculum. Students are offered active educational opportunities in areas that develop cognitive, emotional, physical, and social growth. Learning often includes more than one subject and in groups, allowing that children learn at various levels and using different methods. a. Montessori Method b. Bank Street Method c. Reggio Emilia Method d. Waldorf Method The correct option is b. According to Rock, A. (2022), The Bank Street method employs a child-  centered education program focusing on the diversity of curriculum. Students are offered active educational opportunities in areas that develop cognitive, emotional, physical, and social growth. Learning often includes more than one subject and in groups, allowing that children learn at various levels and using different methods. Students are offered myriad opportunities in which to do this—blocks, dramatic play, puzzles, field trips, and lab work. https://www.verywellfamily.com/bank-street-preschool-method-2764974 103. Choose the correct words and complete the following statement: The basic learning of the early childhood level is adequately __________ with the ________ grade of Basic General Education. a. unrecognized/first b. articulated/first c. joined/second d. articulated/second The correct options b. According to MEC (2014), The Early Childhood Education Curriculum arises and is based on the right to education, taking into account personal, social and cultural diversity. Furthermore, it identifies with sequential criteria, the basic learning of this educational level, adequately articulated with the first grade of Basic General Education. Ministerio de Educación del Ecuador, (2014). Currículo de Educación Inicial 2014. Quito. Ministerio de Educación del Ecuador. https://educacion.gob.ec/wp- content/uploads/downloads/2016/03/CURRICULO-DE-EDUCACION-INICIAL.pdf 104. Read and choose the correct term that fits with the following definition: It refers to the development of the large muscles of the body which enable a child to walk, climb, balance, etc. a. Fine motor skill b. Gross motor skill c. Slim motor skill d. Large motor skill The correct option is b. According to Mcllroy (2023), the skills that enable a child to move are known as motor skills. The two main types of motor skills are gross motor and fine motor. Gross motor refers to the development of the large muscles of the body which enable a child to walk, climb, balance, etc. https://empoweredparents.co/fine-motor-skills-for-preschoolers/ 105. Choose the correct words and complete the following statement related to the curriculum for early childhood education: The majority of approaches to early childhood curriculum agree on two things: children learn by being_______ and children should be engaged in ________. a. passive/words b. workers/first c. active/play d. creative/sentences The correct option is c. According to McLachlan et al. (2018), the majority of approaches to early childhood curriculum agree on two things: children learn by being active and children  should be engaged in play. How activity and play are structured within the early childhood curriculum is a matter of considerable theoretical and philosophical debate. McLachlan, C., Fleer, M., & Edwards, S. (2018). Early childhood curriculum: Planning, assessment and implementation. Cambridge University Press. 106. Choose the correct option and answer the following question: ¿Why “play” is considered as the main strategy used in the teaching-learning process at the early childhood education? a. Because is an innate activity of children that can take multiple forms and that changes with age. b. Because it is a gadget that allows for the improvement of conditions at the Early Childhood level. c. Because it promotes some respect for their freedom and dignity. d. Because it regulates and controls the activities related to education, as well as the operation of the entities of the system. The correct options a. According to MEC (2014), Play is considered as the main strategy in the teaching-learning process, at early childhood education, it is an innate activity of children that can take multiple forms and that changes with age. Ministerio de Educación del Ecuador, (2014). Currículo de Educación Inicial 2014. Quito. Ministerio de Educación del Ecuador. https://educacion.gob.ec/wp- content/uploads/downloads/2016/03/CURRICULO-DE-EDUCACION-INICIAL.pdf 107. Answer the following question: ¿Which of the following option is NOT a characteristic of the early childhood education curriculum design? a. Flexibility b. Coherence c. Progression d. Isolation The correct option is d. According to MEC (2014), the main characteristics of the early childhood curriculum design are: Coherence, flexibility, curricular integration, progression and communicability. Ministerio de Educación del Ecuador, (2014). Currículo de Educación Inicial 2014. Quito. Ministerio de Educación del Ecuador. https://educacion.gob.ec/wp- content/uploads/downloads/2016/03/CURRICULO-DE-EDUCACION-INICIAL.pdf 108. Read and choose the correct term that fits with the following definition: It refers to the development of the small muscle of the body which enables a child to hold a pencil or button a shirt. It includes eye-hand coordination, eye-finger coordination, among others. a. Fine motor skill b. Gross motor skill c. Slim motor skill d. Large motor skill  The correct option is a. According to Mcllroy (2023), the skills that enable a child to move are known as motor skills. The two main types of motor skills are gross motor and fine motor. Fine motor refers to small muscle development which enables a child to hold a pencil or button a shirt. It includes eye-hand coordination, eye-finger coordination, finger strength and control, as well as the development of muscles such as the toes, tongue and eyes. https://empoweredparents.co/fine-motor-skills-for-preschoolers/ 109. Choose the correct answer for the following question: ¿What is the aim of the graphic plastic techniques for developing fine motor skills at early years of basic education? a. To analyze the main children´s features for developing their understanding. b. To classify motor skills in the correct level of education. c. To prepare children for the learning process and specially pre-writing and reading. d. To identify the main problems of early childhood education. The correct option is c. According to Ayala et at. (2020), Graphic techniques are strategies that are used in the first years of basic education. Guangasi (2015) indicates that “These techniques develop fine motor control, with the objective of preparing children for the learning process and especially reading and pre-writing are based in practical activities from their own culture” (p. 37). This is the reason why graphic techniques have a very important role in the children due to the development of fine motor skills helping to coordinate the corporal movements at the same time develop reading and writing skills in order to have equal personal development. Ayala, J. B., & Torres, C. G. (2020). Creativity And Its Development Through Plastic Arts In Children Of Child Education. European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences. https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.05.10 110. Read and choose the correct option that fits with the following definition: It allows children to develop fine motor skills by working with materials such as sand, clay, plastics, dough, all while with hand and finger exercises. a. Cutting b. Sculptor c. Collaging d. Pick up sticks The correct option is b. According to Ayala et at. (2020), Sculptor is an activity that allows children to develop fine motor skills by working with materials such as sand, clay, plastics, dough, all while with hand and finger exercises. This supports the child as he begins reading and writing, using pencils, tracing letters and practicing focus (Tamay, 2017). This activity also helps to canalize aggressive feelings and behaviors. https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.05.10 111. Read and choose the correct option that fits with the following statement: This activity assists in identifying sizes, colors, shapes and form using different materials. The children will develop their gross and fine motor skills, mental functions, attention and perception, reasoning skills, concentration and precision of movement. a. Drawing b. Finger painting c. Building and construction d. Pick up sticks The correct option is c. According to Ayala et at. (2020), Building and construction assists in identifying sizes, colors, shapes and form using different materials. The children will develop their gross and fine motor skills, mental functions, attention and perception, reasoning skills, concentration and precision of movement while maintaining an environment of gender equality. This technique can used be used on its own or combined with other techniques so that there is a wide variety of possibilities. https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.05.10  DIDÁCTICA DE LA ENSEÑANZA DE INGLÉS ENEDUCACION BÁSICA 112. What is Didactics? a. It is an affective factor that usually concerns teachers. b. It is all the contents teachers have to teach to students c. It is about the actions and behavior of the students d. It is the art of teaching and the discipline The right answer is D because, didactics is the science of education that studies and intervenes in the teaching-learning process to achieve the intellectual formation of the student. 113. It deals with the general principles and norms to direct the teaching-learning process towards the educational objectives. It also offers general descriptive, explanatory and interpretive models applicable to the teaching of any subject andin any of the educational stages or fields a. Didactics of multiple purposes b. General Didactics. c. Special or Specific Didactics d. Differential Didactics The right answer is B because General Didactics deals with the general principles and norms that direct the teaching-learning process. 114. It is the application of the general didactic norms to the specific field of each subject of study. Example: Didactics of language, of mathematics, of social sciences, among others a. Differential Didactics b. Special or Specific Didactics c. Didactics of multiple purposes d. General Didactics The right answer is B, because Specific Didactics rules specific subjects. 115. It is applied to varied situations of age or characteristics of the students? a. Special or Specific Didactics b. Didactics of multiple purposes c. General Didactics d. Differential Didactics The right answer is D, because Differential Didactics is applied to differentcharacteristics of the students.  116. What are the three broad learning theories that have been mostly used in educational environments? a. Behaviorism, Memorization, research b. Connectivism, Behaviorism, and constructivism c. Behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism d. Cultural, Social, and Economical The right answer is C, because behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism are thethree broad learning theories that have been mostly used in educational environments. 117. Connectivism is related to... a. Nodes b. Networks c. Sub-networks d. All of them The right answer is D, because Connectivism promotes learning that happens outside of an individual, such as through social media, online networks, blogs, or information databases. 118. Grammar-translation method focuses on. a. Translating texts. b. Reading texts. c. Writing essays. d. All of the options mentioned above. The right answer is D, because grammar-translation method focuses on translating texts,reading texts, and writing essays. 119. It is an approach to language learning where learners are given interactive tasks tocomplete. In order to do this, they need to communicate. Once the task is complete, then the teacher discusses the language used. a. Audio-lingual method. b. Task-based learning method. c. Grammar-translation method d. Presentation, practice, production method The right answer is B, because in Task-based learning method, learners are giveninteractive tasks to complete. 120. For learners, it is necessary to use a flashcard or small card containing the keywords of any information being studied. The use of alternative materials from various sources, for example from video, PowerPoint, mind map, images, or an interesting chart. This will help them to get a big ofwhat they will learn. a. Visual – picture b. Auditory learning c. Kinesthetic learning d. active - knowledge. The correct answer is option A because visual learners learn better with pictures. 121. Choose the correct option with the characteristics of Kinesthetic/tactile learners. a. Liking to write down instructions or see them demonstrated. b. Liking to move around while listening or talking. c. Needing to have things explained orally. d. Needing to have paper and pens handy. The correct answer is option B, because Kinesthetic/tactile learners prefer to movearound while listening or talking. 122. Basic education in Ecuador is divided into the following sublevels: a. Basic Elemental, Media, and Superior b. Primary, secondary and superior c. Pre-kinder, kinder, and elementary d. Basic education and high school The correct answer is option A, because Basic education in Ecuador is divided into thefollowing sublevels: Basic Elemental, Media, and Superior. 123. Having basic routines in the classroom can help to manage learners. The following can be included: clap short rhythms for students to repeat, startthe lesson with song or chant, add classroom language to the routines as well a. adult – tests b. old – tasks c. young – homework d. young – routines The correct answer is option D, because young learners (YLs) function well within astructured environment and enjoy repetition of certain routines and activities. 124. Which are the receptive skills? a. Listening and reading. b. Listening and speaking. c. Reading and writing. d. Reading and speaking The right option is A because, the receptive skills are listening and reading. 125. Which concept better describes an inductive approach to learning? a. Students discover the rules of a language through extensive use of the language and exposure to many examples, which are taught in context or in a practical situation. b. Learners work together freely to contribute their ideas on a topic or subject in orderto generate additional ideas and thoughts. c. Learners are placed in small groups of different levels and given a task to complete together. The right option is A because, the rules of language are taught in an inductive approach. 126. The principal responsibility of the EFL curriculum in the sublevel EGB Media is: a. To work together freely to contribute their ideas perfectly on any topic. b. To have good conversations in English c. To develop learners who can communicate basic needs and information in English. d. To speak, read, listen and write perfect sentences in the English language. The right option is C because The principal responsibility of the EFL curriculum in the sublevel EGB Media is to develop learners who can communicate basic needs and information in English.  DIDÁCTICA DE LA ENSEÑANZA DEL INGLÉS EN BACHILLERATO 127. The systematic organization of a class is established by: a. Planning, action, reflection b. Theme, objective, action, conclusion c. opening, development, conclusion d. Diagnosis, reflection, action, conclusion Correct answer is c, according to Diaz Barriga (2013) The line of didactic sequences is made up of three types of activities: opening, development and conclusion, all of them allows feedback on the TL process, by observing the progress, challenges and difficulties that students present in their work, as well as summative evaluation, which offers evidence of learning, in the same way of learning. 128. The purpose of the Didactics is established in: a. Theoretical preparation and practical application b. Teaching strategy, moments and elements of the TLP c. Planning, action, reflection d. The Teaching-Learning Process Correct answer is a, according to Mallart (S/F) Teaching being both, a practical activity and a "practical science", it will be discussed of adequately combining didactic knowledge –theory– with didactic doing –the practice – which consists the purpose of carrying out the didactic act. 129. What is the primary focus of the proposed EFL curriculum's communicative language approach? a. Memorizing linguistic content b. Developing four communicative skills c. Becoming experts in linguistics d. Enhancing knowledge of language systems Correct answer is b. The goal is not to turn learners into experts in linguistics but to equip them as competent users of a second language for oral and written communication. 130. What is the aim of the principles of the English Language Curriculum for BGU? a. These principles aim to improve the teaching and learning process in public schools. b. These principles aim to improve the quality of the learning process. c. These principles aim to improve the administration of public schools. d. These principles aim to achieve a high standard for public education Correct answer is a, these principles aim to improve the teaching and learning process in public schools so it ensures that students graduate with an intermediate (B1) level of proficiency in English. 131. What of the following methods is an innovative methodology to teach teenagers? a. Lecture method b. Direct method c. Project-Based Learning d. Kinesthetic Learning Correct answer is c, Project-Based learning allows students to explore their interests and passions, making the learning process more engaging and enjoyable. 132. What strategy is the most effective when focusing on teaching speaking? a. Group reading b. Scaffolding  c. Visual aids d. Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) Correct answer is d. Communicative Language Teaching focuses on real-life situations to help students learn how to use their language skills to communicate in the real world since it emphasizes activities such as conversation, reading aloud, and writing to practice language and build exposure. 133. They are scientific, psychological and social. a. Methods b. Contents c. Objectives d. Means The correct answer is A. They are procedures established on the basis of an approach, to determine the teaching program, its objectives, its contents, the working techniques, the types of activities, and the respective roles and functions of teachers, learners and teaching materials. 134. They are mediating tools for teaching and learning: a. Tasks b. Media c. Evaluation d. Teaching strategy The correct answer is D. A learning strategy is a learner's way to organize and use a specific range of skills to learn curriculum content or complete other tasks more efficiently and effectively in a classroom setting as well as in non-academic settings. 135. The three elements that make up the essence of teaching are: a. Content, context and students b. Students, methodology and teachers c. Content, teacher, and student d. Teacher, student and assessment The correct answer is c. According to some researches, these three aspects as main elements of the PEA, all related to each other, creating a circle of significant actions for learning. 136. If students are unengaged, disinterested, visibly overwhelmed during the PEA, it is possibly due to: a. A traditional teacher methodology b. Decontextualized academic content c. Tired d. All of them The correct answer is d. Lack of participation, disengagement and overwhelm of students during the PEA is due to a combination of several factors. It is important for teachers to identify the specific causes affecting their group of students in order to implement strategies to improve their motivation and participation. 137. What is the role of the teacher in the constructivist teaching-learning process? a. With theoretical components, analysis and transmission of linear contents. b. With components of intra-classroom conditioning, students' participation receptive to theoretical aspects c. Exclusive participation, demonstrating capacity for analysis and conditioning in the classroom. d. With reflective, analytical, interactive components, guiding both theoretical and psychological contents. The correct answer is d. According to Piaget (1966), in teaching, there is no point in giving finished logical content, but the individual has to arrive at it through experimentation, which is why his theory of learning is known as learning by doing. 138. The referent components of an optimal constructivist teaching and learning process are: a. Reflection, analysis, feedback, summative and formative evaluation b. Reflection, feedback, overall and individual assessment c. Reflection, analysis, individual teacher and student assessment d. Reflection, theoretical assessment, communication and participation The correct answer is a. Constructivism means the learners construct their knowledge through a reflection of existing ideas. The evolution of learning comes from the prior concepts to make new thoughts. According to this theory when the learners receive new information, they reconcile this idea with their previous thoughts and experiences. They may refute the new information, ideas and concept or endorse it by comparing with preconceived ideas. In both cases, they are the ‘manufacturers’ of knowledge. 139. Psychological studies by Jean Piaget focus on the cognitive development of: a. Adolescents and adults b. Children and childhood c. Children and adolescents d. Children and you people The correct answer is c. These six studies by Jean Piaget focus on the cognitive development of children and adolescents, and describe the stages they go through on their path to intellectual maturity. 140. What does didactic allow us in pedagogy? a. It allows us to address and not analyze the plans and schemes intended to shape the basis of educators. b. It allows us to approach and analyze the plans and schemes intended to shape the basis of learning c. It allows us to communicate and analyze the plans and schemes intended not to shape the educators’ bases. d. It allows communication to communicate the main basis of the plans and schemes designed to form the basis of the educators. Correct answer is b. It allows us to approach and analyze the plans and schemes intended to shape the basis of pedagogy, because it involves teaching and learning strategies to improve the students ´knowledge. 141. The types of evaluation in the classroom are: a. Active, diagnostic and reactive. b. Diagnostic, summative and formative. c. Communicative, diagnostic and reactive. d. Methodological, reactive and communication. The correct answer in b. It allows the teacher to know at what stage of learning the student is.  PART 5_CURRÍCULO PLANIFICACIÓNCURRICULAR 142. Read and select the best option that describes the objectives for the annual planning for subnivel elemental in EGB, in Bachillerato en ciencias, and Bachillerato técnico (tronco común). a. They are those proposed by the educational institution for each of the grades/courses in articulation with what is proposed in the objectives of the sublevel/level. b. They are those established in the training modules for each of the grades/courses. c. They are those that are found in each planning for each of the grades/courses and that must be copied. d. They are those that are created by the teacher in each planning for each of the grades/courses and that must be copied every year. The correct option is a. According to MINEDUC (2017), the objectives for the annual planning for subnivel elemental in EGB, in Bachillerato en Ciencias, and Bachillerato técnico (tronco común) are the projected by the schools for each of the grades/courses in articulation with what is proposed in the objectives of the sublevel/level. 143. Read and select the answer to the following question: What is the objective of Educational Transformation in Ecuador? 1. To build a continuous, dialogic and reflective process of profound changes in the educational field. 2. To maintain the rules and regulations of a National Curriculum to assure the same rights for everyone. 3. to disempower teachers to keep the transmission of knowledge into the education system. 4. to empower students to accept the transmission of knowledge into the education system. The correct options a. According to Ministerio de Educación (2023) The Educational Transformation envisioned by the Ministry of Education involves a continuous, dialogic, and reflective construction process. It aims to bring about profound changes in the educational sphere. This transformation emphasizes the creation of relevant, inclusive, and context-specific public policies. 144. Read and select the option that best complete the following phrase: The Educational Transformation in Ecuador is considered from five key approaches… a. Inclusive Education, Learning Improvement, Teacher Training, Digital Transformation and Education Financing b. Oral communication, reading, writing, Language through the Arts and Communication and Cultural Awareness. c. The Communicative Language Approach, Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), International Standards, Thinking Skills and Learner-Centered Approach.  d. Grammar-translation method, Audio-lingual Approach, Suggestopidea, and the Direct method. The correct options a. According to Ministerio de Educación (2023) The Educational Transformation is considered from five key approaches: Inclusive Education: The participation of all is promoted under a rights-based approach to achieve educational objectives. Learning Improvement: It involves a curricular transformation based on competencies and significant learning experiences. Teacher Training: Prioritizes the strengthening of skills and innovation in the professional performance of teachers. Digital Transformation: Actively links the educational community, considering contextual relevance. Education Financing: Highlights the importance of effectively investing economic resources to achieve effective educational transformation. 145. Read and select the option that best answers the question: Which key approach promotes everyone´s participation within the Educational Transformation in Ecuador? a. Inclusive Education b. Learning Improvement c. Digital Transformation d. None of the ablove The correct options a. According to Ministerio de Educación (2023) The participation of all is promoted under a rights-based approach to achieve educational objectives which is defined as Inclusive Education. 146. Read and select the option that best answers the question: Which key approach involves a curricular transformation based on competencies and significant learning experiences within the Educational Transformation in Ecuador? a. Inclusive Education b. Learning Improvement c. Digital Transformation d. None of the above The correct options b. According to Ministerio de Educación (2023) Learning improvement involves a curricular transformation based on competencies and significant learning experiences. 147. Read and select the Type of curricula the paragraph describes. Various authoritative bodies endorse and recommend specific curricula for use in schools. These recommendations help shape educational content at both elementary and secondary levels. a. Recommended Curriculum b. Written Curriculum  c. Taught Curriculum d. Evaluated curriculum The correct options a. According to Purita, Paz, Ingusan, & Rodrigo, (2008) Recommended Curriculum is proposed by scholars and professional organizations. 148. Read and select the correct option that answers the question. How is Curricular transformation brought to life as part of the Educational Transformation in Ecuador according to the Curriculum framework? a. Through the Learning Competency Curriculum Framework b. Through skills fundamentals and minimum contents c. Through educational sublevels and work based on skills with performance criteria. d. Through the communicative approach. The correct option is a. According to Ministerio de Educación (2023) Over the last 27 years there have been several interventions at the curriculum level, however the last one stablished by 2023, The Learning Competency Curriculum Framework is the way in which Curricular Transformation is brought to life, as part of the Educational Transformation. 149. Which of the following statements is correct about curriculum reforms in Ecuador? a. The 1996 reform focused on the inclusion of educational sub-levels and skills based on performance criteria. b. The 2009 reform introduced the idea of educational sub-levels and fundamental skills. c. The 2011 reform mainly affected the basic general education curriculum. d. The 2010 reform standardized classes for all students nationwide. The correct option is b. According to Ministerio de Educación (2023), The 2009 curriculum reform introduced the idea of educational sub-levels and fundamental skills into the Basic General Education curriculum. 150. What was the main limitation of the 2009 education reform in Ecuador for Basic Education, published in 2010? a. The reform focused on the inclusion of educational sublevels and performance- based skills. b. The reform introduced the concept of educational sublevels and fundamental skills. c. The reform primarily impacted the curriculum of Basic Education. d. The reform homogenized classes for all students nationwide. The correct option is d. According to Ministerio de Educación (2023), the 2009 education reform in Ecuador for Basic Education, published in 2010, homogenized classes for all students nationwide. This level of concreteness limited flexibility in the educational response within schools, disregarding individual contexts and specific needs. 151. Which of the following statements describes a feature of curriculum reform in Ecuador in 2016? a. The reform focused on the inclusion of educational sub-levels and skills with performance criteria. b. The reform introduced the idea of educational sub-levels and fundamental skills. c. The reform mainly affected the basic general education curriculum.  d. The reform incorporated five thematic axes, including "sex education for young people". The correct option is d. According to Ministerio de Educación (2023), the 2016 education reform in Ecuador for Basic Education and baccalaureate, this reform also incorporated 5 thematic axes: "Interculturality", the "formation of a democratic citizenship"; the "protection of the environment"; "care of students' health and recreation habits"; and "sex education for young people." 152. What was the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the implementation of the curriculum? a. There was no change in the implementation of the curriculum. b. Curricular content was prioritized and the approach to the design of educational policies was modified. c. Some curricular content was eliminated to simplify the process. d. The curriculum remained unchanged during the pandemic. The correct answer is b. During the pandemic, curricular content was prioritized and the focus on the design of educational policies was modified, according to Ministerio de Educación (2023). 153. What is the focus of the CITAM+H/STEAM+H approach in the Ecuadorian curriculum? a. Prioritizing traditional education delivery models. b. Integrating science, engineering, technology, art, mathematics, and social sciences. c. Emphasizing memorization of facts. d. Promoting neuroeducation principles. The correct answer is b. The CITAM+H/STEAM+H approach emphasizes integrating science, engineering, technology, art, mathematics, and social sciences, according to Ministerio de Educación (2023). 154. What does the concept of “interdisciplinarity” entail in the context of education? a. The integration of traditional subjects. b. Focusing on science, engineering, technology, art, mathematics, and social sciences. c. The critical interactive theoretical-practical process that combines cognitive and emotional skills to change epistemological perspectives and synthesize knowledge from different disciplines. d. Prioritizing neuroeducation principles. Correct answer is C. Interdisciplinarity involves a critical interactive process that integrates cognitive and emotional skills to synthesize knowledge from various disciplines, enabling a holistic approach to solving real-world problems (Ministerio de Educación (2023). 155. Which of the following statements best describes competency as defined by the Ministry of Education? a. Competence refers exclusively to technical skills in the workplace. b. Competence is the ability to solve mathematical problems autonomously. c. Competence encompasses interrelated knowledge, skills and attitudes to face challenges in daily and work life.  d. Competence is limited to creativity in the artistic field. The correct answer is c. Competence encompasses interrelated knowledge, skills and attitudes to face challenges in daily life and work (Ministerio de Educación (2023). 156. The national competency curriculum integrates foundational skills, transversal and disciplinary competencies in a progressive manner. These competencies are developed throughout educational trajectories and are presented in different areas or fields of knowledge. Which of the following curriculum areas focuses on sustainable development, cultural awareness, and physical activity? a. Foundational Area b. Integrating Area c. Innovation Area d. None of the above The correct answer is b. Integrating Area includes Global citizenship and cultural awareness; Cultural and artistic appreciation and development; Sustainable development and environment; and Physical activity, sport, well-being and healthy living (Ministerio de Educación (2023).  PART 6_EDUCACIÓN INCLUSIVA EDUCACIÓN INCLUSIVA 157. Read and choose the correct option that fits with the following definition: It is a sp