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Questions and Answers

According to Fiorito, what is essential to focus on in teaching?

  • what students need (correct)
  • developing various skills
  • improving vocabulary
  • teaching grammar

What led to the increased demand for English for Specific Purposes courses, according to Harding?

  • better student grades
  • increased level of proficiency
  • more use of CLIL
  • all of the above (correct)

What is the main subdivision of English for Academic Purposes, according to Basturkmen?

  • English for Professional Purposes
  • English for Occupational Purposes
  • English for Testing Purposes
  • English for Academic Publication (correct)

What is the primary objective of a needs analysis, according to ESP principles?

<p>to determine the features of language that students will require (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of English for Occupational Purposes, according to Basturkmen?

<p>medicine, law, and the military (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the central idea of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), according to Harding?

<p>integrating language and content learning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rationale behind the increased demand for English for Specific Purposes courses, according to Rahman?

<p>all of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Basturkmen categorize English for Specific Purposes courses, according to Rahman?

<p>into three main branches: EAP, EOP, and EPP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to McCarthy, McKarten, and Sandiford (2014), what is the purpose of asking questions in the form of statements in a conversation?

<p>To check understanding and add words like right, huh, or then (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of General English?

<p>Developing everyday English communication skills (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between General English and English for Specific Purposes?

<p>General English focuses on the four main skills, while English for Specific Purposes focuses on learners' real-world contexts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Rahman (2015), what is the primary focus of English for Specific Purposes?

<p>Focusing on learners' real-world contexts and needs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event led to the emergence of English for Specific Purposes as a need?

<p>The Second World War (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of ESP courses?

<p>They are designed with the tasks that people need to be effective in their profession (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between General English and English for Specific Purposes?

<p>They are two distinct approaches to teaching English (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of teaching English for Specific Purposes?

<p>To enable learners to perform better in their real-world contexts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective method for teaching English for Specific Purposes?

<p>There is no specific method (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference in the use of relative pronouns in English?

<p>Who is used for people and that is used for things. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of assessment is typically used to evaluate student learning through standardized tests?

<p>Summative assessment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of formative assessment?

<p>To provide feedback to students during the learning process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct form of the verb in the sentence to express a wish?

<p>Past simple tense (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using relative pronouns in a sentence?

<p>To connect two clauses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the consistency of results in a measurement instrument?

<p>Reliability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the method of measuring student intelligence by asking students to do push-ups not valid?

<p>Because it is not a direct measure of intelligence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sentences is an example of expressing a wish?

<p>I wish I had a car. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct relative pronoun to use in the sentence 'The city _______ I was born is very beautiful.'?

<p>where (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of materials are designed for native speakers and are not specifically designed for language learners?

<p>Authentic materials (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of diagnostic assessment?

<p>To identify student strengths and weaknesses at the beginning of a course (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sentence 'I wish I had a car'?

<p>To express a wish (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for assessment that evaluates student learning in relation to their own previous performance?

<p>Ipsative assessment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of using a relative pronoun to refer to a thing?

<p>The book that is on the table. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between 'I wish I had a car' and 'I wish I have a car'?

<p>The verb tense used (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Bank Street method in early childhood education?

<p>Child-centered education (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of the Early Childhood Education Curriculum?

<p>To recognize personal, social, and cultural diversity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Bank Street method, how do children learn?

<p>Through active educational opportunities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the basic learning of early childhood and the first grade of Basic General Education?

<p>They are adequately articulated (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the development of the large muscles of the body?

<p>Gross motor skill (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the teacher in the Bank Street method?

<p>To facilitate child-centered learning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of field trips in the Bank Street method?

<p>To provide supplementary education (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying principle of the Early Childhood Education Curriculum?

<p>Diversity and inclusivity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

English Grammar

  • Relative pronouns: who for people, that for things, and where for places
  • Examples:
    • She worked for a man who used to be a politician.
    • I dropped a glass that was new.
    • The girl who works in the bank is from India.
    • Portoviejo is the city where the earthquake happened in 2016.

Expressing Wishes

  • To express a wish, use the verb in the past tense
  • Examples:
    • I wish I had a car.
    • I wish I could go on holiday.

English for Specific Purposes (ESP)

  • Focuses on the needs of learners in their real-world contexts
  • Pragmatic in its results
  • Contrasted with General English, which focuses on the development of a high standard of everyday English communication skills

History of ESP

  • Emerged as a need after the Second World War due to the expansion in scientific, technical, and economic activities
  • Rahman, M. (2015) points out that after the Second World War, the world changed, and it was necessary to adapt to the teaching of English to the new demands

Characteristics of ESP Courses

  • Designed with the vocabulary and tasks that people need to be effective in their profession
  • Fiorito (2022) states that it is necessary to focus on what students need because there is no time to develop other skills
  • Examples of ESP courses:
    • English for Academic Purposes (EAP)
    • English for Professional Purposes (EPP)
    • English for Occupational Purposes (EOP)

Assessment in ESP

  • Formative assessment: usually does not require grades, e.g., in-class discussions, clicker questions, group work
  • Summative assessment: evaluates student learning through standardized tests, exams, final projects
  • Rahman, M. (2015) states that formative assessment is based on student participation, but summative assessment is based on the grade students get

Validity and Reliability

  • Validity: measures what it is intended to measure
  • Reliability: produces consistent results
  • Fiorito (2022) claims that a test that measures student intelligence by asking students to do push-ups is reliable but not valid

Authentic Materials

  • Designed for native speakers, not for language learners
  • Examples: newspaper articles, radio advertisements
  • Rock, A. (2022) states that authentic materials are designed for native speakers, not for language learners

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