Bacteria and Fungi Study Notes PDF

# Bacteria / Fungi ## Bacteria ### Environmental factors for growth - Temperature - pH - Water - Light - Nutrition - Respiration ### Features: - Small single-celled microorganisms. - Ancient life form. - Same basic functions as other living cells. - Lack Chlorophyll. - Usually have single circu...

# Bacteria / Fungi ## Bacteria ### Environmental factors for growth - Temperature - pH - Water - Light - Nutrition - Respiration ### Features: - Small single-celled microorganisms. - Ancient life form. - Same basic functions as other living cells. - Lack Chlorophyll. - Usually have single circular DNA Chromosome found within the cytoplasm. - No membrane-bound organelles. #### Shapes - **Coccus** - **Coccobacillus** - **Vibrio** - **Bacillus** - **Spirillum** - **Spirochete** ### Gram Staining A technique used to distinguish and classify bacterial species into two groups: - **Gram-positive Bacteria** - **Gram-negative Bacteria** Names of bacteria must be in italics. ### Bacteria associated with Dentistry - **Carious process** - **Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis** - **Infective endocarditis** - **Legionella** - **MRSA** - **MMSA** ## Fungi & mould ### Features - **Eukaryotic** - **2 Structural types:** - **Yeast** - **Mould** - Contain a nucleus. - Cell walls contain chitin. - **CHITIN**: hard substance found in exoskeletons of insects or crustaceans. ### Reproduction Most fungi can reproduce through both sexual and asexual reproduction - **Asexual reproduction:** - Occurs through the release of spores through mycelial fragmentation (mycelium separates into multiple pieces that grow separately.) ### Yeast - Some reproduce by binary fission. - Asexual reproduction by the separation of the body into two new bodies (organism replicates its DNA and divides into two parts.) ### Mould - Mould is a multicellular only organism. - Yeast is both unicellular and multicellular. ### Oral Cavity Oral cavity has fungal commensal flora. Can be commensal. Live in harmony with the host.