Bacteria.pdf

# Bacteria & Fungi ## Bacteria ### Environmental factors for growth: * Temperature * pH * Water * Light * Nutrition * Respiration ### Features: * Small, single-celled microorganisms * Ancient life form * Same basic functions as other living cells * Lack Chlorophyll * Usually have single circular D...

# Bacteria & Fungi ## Bacteria ### Environmental factors for growth: * Temperature * pH * Water * Light * Nutrition * Respiration ### Features: * Small, single-celled microorganisms * Ancient life form * Same basic functions as other living cells * Lack Chlorophyll * Usually have single circular DNA chromosome found within the cytoplasm * No membrane-bound organelles ### Shapes: * Coccus * Coccobacillus * Vibrio * Bacillus * Spinllium * Spirochete ### Gram Staining * A technique used to distinguish and classify bacterial species into two groups: * Gram-positive bacteria * Gram-negative bacteria * Names of bacteria must be in italics * Bacteria Associated with Dentistry * Carious process * Acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis * Infective endocarditis * Legionella * MRSA * MMSA ## Fungi & Mould ### Features: * Eukaryotic * 2 Structural Types: * Yeast * Mould * Contain a nucleus * Cell walls contain chitin * Chitin - hard substance found in exoskeleton of insects or crustaceans * Most fungi can reproduce through both sexual and asexual reproduction * Asexual reproduction: occurs through the release of spores through mycelial fragmentation (mycelium separates into multiple pieces that grow separately) * Yeast: * Some reproduce by binary fission * Asexual reproduction by the separation of the body into two new bodies (organism duplicates its DNA and divides into two parts) * Mould is a multicellular only organism * Yeast is both unicellular and multicellular * Oral cavity has fungal commensal flora